CN111869353B - Special machine for ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting and efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes - Google Patents
Special machine for ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting and efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869353B CN111869353B CN202010901879.2A CN202010901879A CN111869353B CN 111869353 B CN111869353 B CN 111869353B CN 202010901879 A CN202010901879 A CN 202010901879A CN 111869353 B CN111869353 B CN 111869353B
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002489 tectorial membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009328 dry farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a special machine for efficient cultivation of ridging, film covering and film surface rain collecting of dry land potatoes, which is provided with a mechanical cross beam; the front end of the mechanical beam is provided with a rotary ground device, the upper end of the mechanical beam is provided with a fertilizer box, and the rotary ground device is connected with a power machine soil feeding device through a chain; the mechanical soil feeding device is connected with 4 soil dividing and film pressing grooves; the upper end of the soil dividing and film pressing groove is provided with a water supplementing barrel. The lower end of the mechanical beam is provided with a double-ridge ditching plow, a mulching film installation cross rod, a film breaker, a film covering scraping blade and the like, and a film breaking, soil covering and film pressing device in the middle of the double-ridge film covering ridge. The application has various performances which are completely suitable for the technical index requirements of the high-efficiency cultivation technology of ridging, film covering and rain collecting of dry land potatoes, and crops requiring ridging and planting such as potatoes, beet and the like are sown in arid areas, semiarid areas.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a special machine for efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes by ridging, film covering and film surface rain collecting.
Background
At present: in potato cultivation, the ridging and film-coating furrow water collection cultivation technology has the advantages that the test average yield is 47258.7kg/hm < 2 >, the potato growth period is obviously prolonged, the plant growth is luxuriant, the number of single-plant potato knots, the single-plant potato knots and the single-plant potato weight are increased to different degrees, the yield is increased by 15.2% compared with the comparison, and the water utilization efficiency is 90.07kg/hm < 2 >/mm and is increased by 14.81% compared with the comparison. However, due to the lack of seeding machinery matched with the technology, lack of labor force and other factors, the popularization and application of the ridging and film-covering furrow water collection cultivation technology are slow, and the existing seeding machinery cannot be suitable for the seeding operation of mountain lands and small-block lands, so that the popularization and application of the ridging and film-covering film surface rain collection efficient cultivation technology of the dry land potatoes are severely restricted. Therefore, the development of a seeding machine which can be matched with the high-efficiency cultivation technology of ridging, film covering and film surface rain collecting of dry land potatoes is a key for solving the problems.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are: at present, wide-ridge film-covering drought-resistant cultivation sower for crops is widely used, and wide-ridge film-covering, film-covering planting or film-side planting technologies are mostly adopted; although the wide-ridge film-covered planting technology can improve the soil temperature and reduce the evaporation of water, the film prevents rainwater from penetrating into the soil, and the rainwater is shunted into film-measuring furrows, so that limited rainfall can not be gathered at the root of crops, and the aim of collecting the rainwater can not be achieved; although the film side planting can solve the seedling placing problem, limited rainfall is collected at the root of crops, the field coverage area of the technology is small, the water loss is serious, and the technology can not be used for planting on ridges if suitable ridging crops such as potatoes and radishes are planted. The ridging film-covered film-surface rain-collecting efficient cultivation technology for the dry land potatoes combines the advantages of the two basic technologies, has advancement and practicability for improving the agricultural production cultivation technology, but is slow in popularization and application due to the lack of seeding machinery matched with the technology, the lack of labor force and other factors, the corresponding matched machinery does not exist in the conventional production, and the lack of special machinery severely restricts the updating of the crop cultivation technology in arid regions.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:
(1) The wide ridge film prevents rainwater from penetrating into soil, and the rainwater is shunted into the film furrow, so that limited rainfall can not be gathered at the root of crops, and the aim of collecting the rainwater can not be achieved;
(2) Although the film side planting can solve the seedling placing problem, limited rainfall is collected at the root of crops, the field coverage area of the technology is small, the water loss is serious, and the technology can not be used for planting on ridges if suitable ridging crops such as potatoes and radishes are planted.
(3) The ridging and film covering film surface rain collecting efficient cultivation technology for the dry land potatoes is slow to popularize and apply.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the novel development is suitable for key mechanisms and components of small four-wheel traction, light weight and compact volume, and 5 working procedures can be combined.
The meaning of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the soil preparation-ridging-film covering-fertilization-water supplementing integrated machine based on the 'potato ridging film covering film surface rain collecting efficient cultivation technology' is developed in the development process of modern potato industry in arid and semiarid regions in Ningxia, and 5 working procedures of rotary land, double ridging, fertilization, water supplementing and film covering can be completed at one time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a special machine for efficient cultivation of ridging, film covering and rain collecting of dry land potatoes.
The application is realized in such a way that a special machine for the dry land potato ridging film-covered film surface rain collecting efficient cultivation technology is provided with:
a mechanical cross beam;
the front end of the mechanical beam is provided with a rotary ground device, the upper end of the mechanical beam is provided with a fertilizer box, and the rotary ground device is connected with a power machine soil feeding device through a chain; the mechanical soil feeding device is connected with 4 soil dividing and film pressing grooves; the upper end of the soil dividing and film pressing groove is provided with a water supplementing barrel;
further, a one-time double-ridge film-forming ridge middle film-breaking, soil-covering and film-pressing device is arranged at the lower end of the mechanical beam.
Further, the one-time double-ridge film-forming ridge middle film-breaking, soil-covering and film-pressing device is provided with a double-ridge ditching plow, a mulching film mounting cross rod, a furrow opener and a film-covering scraping blade.
Further, a chain power transmission device is arranged on the fertilizer box.
By combining all the technical schemes, the application has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) The application is completely suitable for the technical index requirements of the high-efficiency cultivation technology of rain collecting on the ridge-forming film-covering film surface of dry land potatoes, the ridge-forming film-covering cultivation of the technical requirements is single-ridge cultivation, wherein the ridge height is 25cm, the width of the ridge is 20, the seedling emergence is 40, the width of the ridge bottom is 120cm film-covered every two ridges, the V-shaped furrows between the two ridges are shallow-covered with soil, the cutter is used for cutting the 5cm mouth of the mulching film every 10cm so as to allow the mulching film to permeate into the mulching film under the precipitation, and a potato dibbler is used for manual film breaking and dibbling after the mulching film is adopted, and the plant spacing is 35cm. The method has obvious advancement and applicability in the arid region, the potato, the beet and other crops needing ridging planting.
(2) The working procedures of turning the ground, ridging the double ridges, fertilizing, supplementing water and laminating the film can be completed at one time, and the working efficiency is high.
In potato production, ridging planting can replace intertillage hilling links in the conventional planting process, the demand of the potato for fertilizer is large, enough base fertilizer must be applied before sowing, and the machine adopts a mode of applying fertilizer by strips during sowing, so that the fertilizer can be accurately applied to the roots of potato plants, and the fertilizer utilization efficiency can be effectively improved. The water-bearing sowing is an important method for improving the emergence rate in dry farming agricultural production, and the machine can be used for supplementing water to the sowing position of the seed potatoes while sowing the seed potatoes by the water supplementing system, so that the water-saving and efficiency-increasing effects can be realized, and the water utilization efficiency can be improved. The spring ground temperature in the northwest dry farming area rises slowly and the spring precipitation is less, so that the potato cultivation mostly adopts a film-covered mode to achieve the effects of preserving soil moisture and raising temperature.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special machine for efficient cultivation of dry land potato ridge forming film surface rain collecting.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the other side of the special machine for efficient cultivation of ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting of dry land potatoes, which is provided by the embodiment of the application.
In the figure: 1. a mechanical cross beam; 2. a spin-on device; 3. a power transmission device; 4. double-ridge ditching plow; 5. a power machine soil loading device; 6. a film coating scraping blade; 7. a furrow opener; 8. a soil-shifting pressing film; 9. a water supplementing barrel; 10. soil separating and film pressing device.
Description of the embodiments
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a special machine for efficient cultivation of ridging, film covering and rain collecting of dry land potatoes, and the application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the machine provided by the present application includes: the soil-shifting and soil-pressing device comprises a mechanical beam 1, a ground rotating device 2, a power transmission device 3, a double-ridge-forming ditching plow 4, a mechanical soil-applying device 5, a film-covering scraping blade 6, a furrow opener 7, a soil-shifting and soil-pressing film 8, a water supplementing barrel 9 and a soil-dividing and film-pressing device 10.
The front end of the mechanical beam 1 is provided with a rotary ground device 2, the upper end of the mechanical beam 1 is provided with a fertilizer box, and the rotary ground device 2 is connected with a power machine soil feeding device 5 through a chain; the mechanical soil feeding device 5 is connected with 4 soil dividing and film pressing grooves; the upper end of the soil dividing and film pressing groove is provided with a water supplementing barrel 9;
preferably, the lower end of the mechanical beam 1 is provided with a one-time double-ridge film-forming ridge middle film-breaking and soil-covering film-pressing device.
Preferably, the device for forming double ridges and covering the membrane, breaking the membrane, covering the soil and pressing the membrane in the middle of the double ridges is provided with a double ridge ditching plow 4, a mulch film mounting cross rod 8, a furrow opener 7 and a membrane covering scraping blade 6.
Preferably, the fertilizer tank is provided with a chain power transmission device 3.
The machine beam 1 is the main part of the machine and plays a role in connecting and arranging the total parts, and a power transmission shaft connected with an agricultural tractor is arranged on the machine beam. The rotary ground device 2 is arranged at the lower end of the mechanical beam and is assembled by adopting a conventional small rotary cultivator, and the rotary cultivator is driven to operate through a power transmission shaft and a conversion gear on the mechanical beam. The power transmission device 3 mainly comprises a steering gear and a transmission chain, a power transmission shaft directly connected with a tractor is connected with a power transposition box on a mechanical cross beam, the power transposition box directly connects power on a rotary cultivator item through the gear, then the power is transmitted to the left side of a transverse shaft of the mechanical soil feeding device through a belt to drive the mechanical soil feeding device to operate, the right side gear of the mechanical soil feeding device is connected with the chain, and the chain transmits the power into the fertilizer applicator. All power of the machine is derived from the tractor. The double-ridge ditching plow 4 adopts an arc-shaped plow share to ensure that the soil completes the ridging process in the mechanical advancing process according to the plow share pattern. The power of the power machine soil feeding device 5 is derived from a tractor, a transverse scraping blade is arranged on a conveying belt, and the transverse scraping blade is used for conveying soil upwards when the conveying belt rotates.
The working principle of the application is as follows: the mechanical design and manufacture are aimed at various technical indexes of the high-efficiency cultivation technology for ridging, film covering and rain collecting of dry land potatoes, the combination of agricultural machinery and agriculture is carried out on the basis of referencing a large number of working principles of existing machinery, innovation is carried out on the basis of reference and recombination of a plurality of existing mechanical working principles, and 5 working procedures of rotary land, double ridging, fertilization, water supplementing and film covering are completed at one time by mechanical energy, so that the aim of combining the agricultural machinery and the agriculture is achieved.
In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present application, and the scope of the application is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A special machine for dry land potato ridging tectorial membrane face collection rain high-efficient cultivation, its characterized in that, a special machine for dry land potato ridging tectorial membrane face collection rain high-efficient cultivation is provided with:
a mechanical cross beam;
the front end of the mechanical beam is provided with a rotary ground device, the upper end of the mechanical beam is provided with a fertilizer box, and the rotary ground device is connected with a power machine soil feeding device through a chain; the mechanical soil feeding device is connected with 4 soil dividing and film pressing grooves; the upper end of the soil dividing and film pressing groove is provided with a water supplementing barrel;
the lower end of the mechanical beam is provided with a one-time double-ridge forming film-covering ridge middle film-breaking and soil-covering film-pressing device; the device for forming double ridges and covering the membrane, breaking the membrane, covering soil and pressing the membrane in the middle of the double ridges is provided with a double ridge ditching plow, a mulch film mounting cross rod, a furrow opener and a membrane covering scraping blade; the double-ridge ditching plow adopts an arc-shaped plow share to ensure that the soil completes the ridging process in the mechanical advancing process according to the plow share pattern;
the double-ridge ditching plow is positioned between the soil loading device and the rotary ground device of the power machine, the ditcher is positioned at the upstream of the soil shifting and pressing film, and the mulching film mounting cross rod is positioned obliquely above the soil shifting and pressing film; the tectorial membrane doctor blade is positioned between the power soil conveying device and the soil poking pressing membrane;
the power machine soil feeding device is characterized in that a transverse scraping blade is arranged on a conveying belt, and the transverse scraping blade is used for conveying soil upwards when the conveying belt rotates.
2. The special machine for efficient cultivation of dry land potato by ridging, film mulching and rain collecting according to claim 1, wherein a chain power transmission device is arranged on the fertilizer box.
3. The special machine for efficient cultivation of dry land potato by ridging, film mulching and rain collecting according to claim 1, wherein a power transmission shaft connected with an agricultural tractor is arranged on the mechanical cross beam.
4. The special machine for dry land potato ridging film surface rain collecting efficient cultivation according to claim 2, wherein the power transmission device is provided with a steering gear and a transmission chain, a power transmission shaft directly connected with the tractor is connected with a power transposition box on a mechanical cross beam, and the power transposition box is directly connected with a rotary cultivator through a gear.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010901879.2A CN111869353B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Special machine for ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting and efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010901879.2A CN111869353B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Special machine for ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting and efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111869353A CN111869353A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111869353B true CN111869353B (en) | 2023-10-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010901879.2A Active CN111869353B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Special machine for ridging, film covering, film surface rain collecting and efficient cultivation of dry land potatoes |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113647217A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-16 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Seeder for efficient cultivation of potatoes in dry land by ridging, film mulching and film surface rain collection |
| CN116034792B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-07-28 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Intelligent saline-alkali soil laminating device |
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