CN101960942B - Film covering method for cotton furrow sowing in saline-alkali soils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cotton ditch sowing film-covering method suitable for saline-alkali land, which includes: A. Firstly, forming a ridge on the sowing belt, ditching the bottom of the ridge to fertilize, and staggering the fertilization ditch by 3-6cm, digging the ditch to sow, covering with soil, and pressing; B. Film-covered grooves are opened on both sides of the sowing ditch, and the film is covered on the back of the ridge between the two sowing ditch. The cotton ditch-sowing film-covering machine for realizing the method of sowing and film-covering of the present invention comprises a seeding and fertilizing assembly and a film-covering assembly, and the film-covering assembly is arranged in the middle of two sets of sowing and fertilizing assemblies juxtaposed to form a ridge during sowing The back of the ridge is covered with film. Since the plastic film on the ridge reduces soil evaporation, coupled with the effect of rain collection, it can effectively inhibit the ineffective evaporation of the soil. In areas with high soil salt content, it can effectively inhibit the migration of salt to the plow layer, and realize the concentration of local salt to the back of the ridge. The purpose of salt reduction in cotton roots.

Description

A Cotton Furrow Sowing Film Covering Method Suitable for Saline-alkali Land

technical field

The invention relates to a cotton furrow-sowing film-covering method and a furrow-sowing film-covering machine for realizing the method, especially suitable for cotton planting in saline-alkali land, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. the

Background technique

The Bohai Rim Plain is located at the forefront of my country's Bohai Rim Economic Circle, and is an important agricultural product production area and reserve arable land resource area in my country. In view of the problems of high salinity in the soil, severe shortage of fresh water resources, frequent droughts, and abundant salt water resources, low utilization rate, single utilization mode, and low efficiency, the main crops of grain, cotton, fruits and vegetables such as wheat, corn, cotton, For the safe planting of fruit trees and vegetables and the improvement of the regional environment, the research and development of new types of salt water supporting agricultural machinery and tools, and the development and research of salt water safety irrigation equipment can increase the total amount of irrigation water and make the previously unusable high salinity Salt water can be used. The supporting agricultural machinery and tools should adopt appropriate cultivation and agronomic measures, with salt suppression, salt avoidance, and moisture conservation planting techniques as the guiding ideology, to protect the soil moisture in the emergence stage and seedling stage of crops in saltwater planting areas and reduce the salt content of seedbeds. The purpose is to provide technical support for safe sowing and growth of crops in saltwater planting areas. Utilizing comprehensive supporting technologies such as furrow and ridge cultivation, and farming measures such as furrowing, ridging, and salt hiding, high yields can also be obtained in saline-alkaline dry land. After ditches and ridges, the soil salt will move to the back of the ridge with the water during the evaporation process of soil salt, so that the salinity at the bottom of the ditch will be reduced, and seeds will be sown on the bottom of the ditch to benefit the whole seedlings. Furrow irrigation and furrow sowing and micro-ridge film-mulching are a new mode of crop planting in high-salt areas, which can play the role of hiding salt and preventing drought, and effectively ensure a suitable growth environment for crops. Harvesting rain and avoiding salt, planting with plastic film at the bottom of the ditch, these new agrotechnologies that reduce the salt concentration of the plow layer, preserve moisture, and increase temperature all require corresponding agricultural machinery and equipment as guarantee. the

At present, there are few researches on supporting mechanical equipment for saltwater irrigation in my country. When working in saltwater areas, common farming machinery is still used, and there is no special farming machinery supporting saltwater irrigation and planting agronomy. The planting of crops in high-salt areas has its special environment and agronomic requirements. At present, the agricultural machinery in this area is only barely used after some conventional farming machinery has been properly improved. The pertinence is not strong, and there is no special agricultural machinery for operations in high-salt areas Tools, especially the equipment and tools matched with the current salt suppression and salt avoidance new technology and new method, are basically blank. The mulch cotton sowing technology promoted in production is all flat sowing, and there is no special sowing method and machinery for saline-alkali land. the

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cotton furrow sowing and film covering method suitable for saline-alkali land and a film covering machine for realizing the method, which can sow cotton in the furrow and cover the ridge with plastic film, and complete the ditching at the same time in one operation , fertilization, sowing. the

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the cotton ditch sowing and film covering method technical scheme suitable for saline-alkali land taken by the present invention includes:

A. Firstly, ridges are formed on the sowing belt, and the bottom of the ridge is fertilized, and the fertilization ditch is staggered by 3-8cm to sow, cover with soil, and suppress;

B. Film-covered grooves are opened on both sides of the sowing ditch, and the film is covered on the back of the ridge between the two sowing ditch. the

The present invention also provides a cotton furrow sowing and film covering machine suitable for saline-alkali land, including a seeding and fertilizing assembly and a film covering assembly:

The sowing and fertilizing assembly includes: disc openers, fertilizing ditching shovels, seeding ditching shovels, seed covering wheels and pressing wheels arranged in sequence under the frame. The seed box corresponding to the sowing ditch shovel;

The film covering assembly includes: film ditching shovel, film pressing wheel, film frame and film covering wheel arranged in sequence under the frame;

The film covering assembly is arranged in the middle of two sets of sowing and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, and covers the film on the back of the ridge formed by sowing. the

In the cotton ditch-sowing and mulching machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the two sets of mulching shovels of the mulching assembly are arranged inside the two sets of sowing openers. the

In the cotton furrow sowing film mulching machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the pressing wheel and film frame of the film covering assembly are higher than the sowing and fertilizing assembly. the

In the cotton furrow sowing film mulching machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the sowing and fertilizing assembly also includes a water tank and a water spray pipe arranged in front of the seed box on the frame to spray water simultaneously during the sowing process. the

For the cotton furrow sowing film mulching machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the disk opener of the sowing and fertilizing assembly is provided with front and rear adjustment rods to meet the requirements of ridge sowing or flat sowing. the

In the cotton furrow-sowing and film-covering machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the widths of the sowing and fertilizing assembly and the film-covering assembly can be adjusted laterally on the frame to meet the requirements of the ridge distance. the

In the cotton ditch-sowing and film-covering machine suitable for saline-alkali land, the fertilizing ditching shovel and the sowing ditching shovel in the sowing and fertilizing assembly are arranged staggered by 3-8 cm in the forward direction. the

The beneficial effects produced by adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme are:

1. The present invention realizes that cotton is sown in the ditch, and the mulch is covered on the ridge, and ditching, fertilization, and sowing are completed at the same time in one operation, which improves the level of mechanization. effect. Moisture conservation: mulching the soil surface with mulch can effectively reduce the ineffective evaporation of the soil and conserve soil moisture; rain collection: mulch on the ridge can concentrate rainfall in the ditch, turning light rain into heavy rain, and play a role in drought resistance; warming: mulching with plastic film, especially It is the spring of cotton sowing that can effectively increase the soil temperature and promote the growth of cotton seedlings; Salt suppression: Because the mulch on the ridge reduces soil evaporation, coupled with the effect of rain collection, it can effectively inhibit the ineffective evaporation of the soil, and reduce the salt content in the soil. High areas can effectively inhibit the migration of salt to the plow layer, and achieve the purpose of reducing the salt in cotton roots by concentrating local salt on the back of the ridge. the

2. The present invention can be used as a machine tool for furrow sowing and film covering, and can also be used as a machine tool for flat sowing. When it is necessary to achieve flat sowing, it is only necessary to adjust the set disc opener upwards so that it only plays the role of scraping the ground surface, and then adjust the film covering assembly to both sides to meet the requirements of ordinary film. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is axonometric view of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of cotton furrow sowing film;

In the figure: 1, fertilizer box 2, frame 3, disc opener 4, fertilization ditching shovel 5, ground wheel 6, seed box 7, sowing ditching shovel 8, seed covering soil wheel 9, suppression wheel 10, plastic film Ditching shovel 11, film pressing wheel 12, film frame 13, film covering soil wheel 14, cotton ridge 15, cotton seedling 16, front adjustment rod 17, rear adjustment rod

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. the

Referring to accompanying drawing 1-4, to the left is the advance direction of the planter, the innovation point of the present invention is at first ridges are formed on the sowing belt, fertilization is fertilized by ditching at the bottom of the ridges, and staggered with the fertilization ditch by 3-6cm, ditching and sowing, covering with soil, and suppressing Open film-covered grooves on both sides of the sowing ditch, and film-cover the back of the ridge in the middle of the two sowing ditch. the

The planter of the present invention can complete the above-mentioned furrow sowing film-covered seeding process at one time, and the film-covered assembly is arranged in the middle of the sowing and fertilizing assembly. Specifically, the film covering assembly is arranged in the middle of two sets of sowing and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, and film is covered on the back of the ridge formed by sowing. the

The sowing and fertilizing assembly includes the following arranged in sequence under the frame 2: a disc opener 3, a fertilizing ditching shovel 4, a seeding ditching shovel 7, a seed covering wheel 8 and a pressing wheel 9. The fertilizer box 1 corresponding to the ditch shovel 4, and the seed box 6 corresponding to the sowing ditch shovel 7;

The disc opener 3 of the present invention and the fertilization ditching shovel 4 form an independent unit, and the functions of ditching and deep application of chemical fertilizers are simultaneously completed during operation. The disc opener 3 is mainly provided for ridging operations. The fertilization ditching shovel 4 is fixed on the frame 2, and the upper part of the ditching shovel is provided with lifting lugs to fix the front part of the disc opener 3, and the front adjustment lever 16 can be used to adjust the entry of the disc opener 3 into the ground. depth,

The disc opener 3 is hinged in a V shape, and the angle of the V shape is adjusted by changing the width of the rear adjusting rod 17 on the crossbeam of the frame 2, thereby adjusting the width of the sowing ditch. According to agronomic requirements during operation, at first adjust the depth of the fertilizing ditching shovel 4, and then adjust the front adjusting lever 16 and the rear adjusting lever 17 to reach the suitable fertilizing depth and ditching depth and width. After ditching, the ground wheel 5 and the sowing ditching shovel 7 all pass at the bottom of the ditch, and the seeds are sown on the side of the fertilization position, which can prevent the seeds from being burned by the fertilizer, and then pass through the covering soil of the seed covering wheel 8 and the pressing wheel 9. Crackdown operations complete the entire sowing process. the

The film covering assembly includes: a plastic film ditching shovel 10, a film pressing wheel 11, a plastic film frame 12 and a plastic film covering wheel 13; the embodiment given by the present invention is two sets of plastic film ditching shovels 10, and two sets of sowing openers 7 inside settings. Because it is film covering on the back of the ridge, the pressure film wheel 11 of the film covering assembly of the present invention, the film frame 12 should be higher than the planting and fertilizing assembly. the

The extended technical solution of the present invention also includes a water tank and a water spray pipe arranged in front of the seed box 6 on the frame 2 to spray water simultaneously during the sowing process. the

After sowing is finished, cover the narrow plastic film on the top of the ridge through the cooperation of the mulch ditching shovel 10, the pressure film wheel 11 and the mulching soil wheel 13, to accumulate the rainy season, which is the interval coating of the top of the ridge. the

The present invention can be used as cotton furrow sowing suitable for saline-alkali land, and can also be used as an ordinary cotton planter in general areas. When used in general areas, the disc opener 3 is adjusted upwards, and its function is only to scrape the ground surface At the same time, adjust the two sides of the film assembly to meet the requirements of ordinary film. the

During use, the supporting power of the planter of the present invention is a small-sized tractor of 15 to 20 horsepower, and the furrow distance of cotton sowing is adjustable. the

The above description is only proposed as a technical solution that can be implemented by the cotton furrow film covering method and equipment of the present invention, not as a single restriction on its structure itself. the

Claims (7)

1. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in a suitable saline land, its feature comprises:

A, ridging on seeding belt at first, ditching-fertilizing at the bottom of the ridge, and with the dressing furrow 3-cm water furrow planting that staggers, earthing, suppression;

The overlay film ditch is opened in B, seed furrow both sides, the ridge back overlay film in the middle of two seed furrows;

Be fit to the trench sowing laminator of the cotton trench sowing film covering method use in saline land, comprise seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly:

The seeding and fertilizing assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame (2): disk coulter (3), fertilising furrower (4), sowing and ditching shovel (7), seed earthing wheel (8) and press wheel (9), set gradually the fertile case (1) corresponding with the furrower that applies fertilizer (4) on the frame, the kind case (6) corresponding with sowing and ditching shovel (7);

The overlay film assembly comprises and being arranged in order under the frame (2): mulch film furrower (10), pressing wheel (11), ground film rack (12) and mulch film earthing wheel (13);

Described overlay film assembly is arranged in the middle of the two cover seeding and fertilizing assemblies arranged side by side, ridge back overlay film at the sowing ridging, disk coulter (3) forms independently monomer with fertilising furrower (4), finish simultaneously trench digging and fertilizer deep placement function during operation, disk coulter (3) mainly arranges for the ridging operation, fertilising furrower (4) is fixed on the frame (2), fertilising furrower top is provided with hanger with the front portion of fixed disc plough (3), and can by front adjusting rod (16) adjust disk coulter (3) enter ground the degree of depth, disk coulter (3) is V-shaped hinged, on the crossbeam of frame (2), adjust the angle of V-type at a distance of width change by rear adjusting rod (17), thereby adjust the width of sowing and ditching.

2. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two cover mulch film furrowers (10) of described overlay film assembly arrange in that two cover sowing and ditchings shovels (7) are inboard.

3. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the pressing wheel of described overlay film assembly (11) and ground film rack (12) are higher than the seeding and fertilizing assembly.

4. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described seeding and fertilizing assembly also comprises water tank and a sparge pipe that is arranged at upper kind of case (6) the place ahead of frame (2), water spray simultaneously in the process of sowing seeds.

5. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the disk coulter of described seeding and fertilizing assembly (3) arranges front adjusting rod (16), rear adjusting rod (17) to adapt to bed planting or flat planting requirement, front adjusting rod (16) is the degree of depth with being used for adjusting entering of disk coulter (3), disk coulter (3) is V-shaped hinged, on the crossbeam of frame (2), adjust the angle of V-type at a distance of width change by rear adjusting rod (17), thereby adjust the width of sowing and ditching.

6. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the width of described seeding and fertilizing assembly and overlay film assembly can laterally adjust to adapt to the row spacing requirement on frame.

7. the cotton trench sowing film covering method in described suitable saline land according to claim 1 is characterized in that: apply fertilizer in the described seeding and fertilizing assembly furrower (4) and sowing and ditching shovel (7) arrange at the direction of advance 3-8cm that staggers.

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