RU2533038C1 - Method of strip deep tillage and tool for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises cutting of slot, raking to the sides of field residues while simultaneous loosening at a predetermined width, fertiliser application to the controlled depth and compacting of the treated strip. Loosening is carried out to the desired depth with the restriction of zone of deformation expansion in the longitudinal and vertical plane to the width of the treatment. The tool comprises working sections mounted on the frame using the parallelogram mechanism. Each section comprises a height-adjustable chisel ripper with fertiliser guide. In front of the chisel ripper the central circular knife with flanged and a pair of disc cleaners are mounted. Behind the chisel ripper, a pair of circular knives and a compactor is mounted. A pair of height-adjustable circular knives is mounted at a depth with overlapping with its plane of the deformation zone from the chisel ripper. The width of arrangement of the pair of circular knives in cross-vertical plane is equal to the width of the treated strip.

EFFECT: reduction of energy consumptions and improvement of quality of soil treatment.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in agriculture for basic deep tillage mainly for row crops.

A known method of dump plowing with simultaneous loosening of the subsurface horizon (RU 2131653 C1, 06/13/1997).

However, the known method requires high energy costs and its implementation violates the natural structure of the addition of the arable horizon.

Known plow for plowing with simultaneous loosening of the subsurface horizon, including mounted on the frame dump body, behind each of which is a subsoiler (RU 2131653 C1, 06/13/1997).

A disadvantage of the known plow is the high energy costs during its operation.

A known method of minimal processing with a strip recess and a tool for its implementation, comprising a frame with mounted inclined racks with an intrasoil bend, each of which has a shoe with a patch bit and a slope towards the furrow, which loosens a strip 30 cm wide, and with the opposite side (field crop), in the bending zone, a plane-cutting wing with a loosening width of 45 cm is rigidly fixed (http://www.sibagro.com/p_prg.html).

However, the known method and the tool for its implementation affect the entire day surface, which is not necessary when growing row crops.

There is also known a method of deep strip tillage, including cutting a gap with raking in the field residues, volumetric loosening with soil deepening, fertilizing at an adjustable depth and “closing” the treated strip to a predetermined width with its rolling (Gulov V.A. Strip strip farming technology Strip -till // Your rural consultant. - 2011. - No. 3. - P.36-38).

The deep strip tillage tool includes working sections mounted on a frame through a parallelogram mechanism, each of which contains a height-adjustable chisel cultivator with a tuck guide, in front of which there is a central circular knife with flanges and a pair of disk cleaners, and a pair of circular knives and an ice rink in the back (Gulov V.A. Strip-till strip farming technology // Your rural consultant. - 2011. - No. 3. - P.36-38, prototype).

The technical disadvantage of this method and the tool for its implementation is the insufficient use of volumetric loosening in accordance with the depth of processing, which affects the increase in productivity due to the optimal soil structure, greater accumulation and rational use of autumn-winter precipitation, especially significant for dry farming conditions. The implement used for this method of strip deep tillage provides the maximum volumetric loosening from the bit with the required width only at a depth corresponding to half the width of the processed strip minus the width of the bit.

Technical task: increasing the completeness and quality of volumetric loosening at the required depth while preserving the natural structure in the inter-lane space.

Effect: increase the yield of row crops when cultivated in arid conditions.

The problem is achieved due to the fact that in the method of deep strip tillage, including cutting a gap with raking in the sides of field residues, loosening, fertilizing at an adjustable depth and "closing" the treated strip of a given width with its rolling, according to the invention, volume loosening is performed to the required processing depth with limited deformation propagation zone in the longitudinally vertical plane.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in the implement for deep strip tillage, containing working sections mounted on the frame through a parallelogram mechanism, each of which contains a height-adjustable chisel cultivator with a guide, in front of which there is a central circular knife with flanges and, if necessary, a pair of disc cleaners, and behind a pair of disc knives and a roller, according to the invention, a pair of disc knives, height-adjustable, is set to the desired depth with overlapping they are deformations from the chisel by its plane, and the width of the arrangement in the transverse vertical plane is equal to the width of the processed strip. In addition, a new tool for deep strip tillage is that the chisel can be equipped with cutting legs with the possibility of vertical movement, and the width of their capture does not exceed the width of the treated strip.

The implement for deep strip tillage includes mounted on a frame through a parallelogram mechanism work sections, each of which contains a height-adjustable chisel cultivator with a guide, in front of which there is a central circular knife with flanges, a pair of removable disk cleaners and a pair of circular knives, and a roller at the back moreover, a pair of height-adjustable circular knives is installed at a depth in the deformation zone from the chisel, the width of which in the transverse vertical plane is equal to the width of the Tyva band. In addition, cutting legs can be mounted on the chisel with the possibility of vertical movement, and the width of their grip does not exceed the width of the processed strip, which ensures an increase in the completeness and quality of volumetric loosening at the required depth while maintaining natural addition in the interband space due to the restriction of the deformation propagation zone in longitudinally-vertical plane of the upper layer.

This confirms the solution of the problem of the invention and the connection of the claimed inventions with a single inventive concept.

Comparison of the claimed technical solutions with prototypes made it possible to establish compliance with their criterion of "novelty."

The implementation of the method of strip deep tillage and implements for its implementation is illustrated using a schematic representation of the working section of the implement for strip deep tillage (see figure 1 and 2).

Figure 1 presents a side view; figure 2 is a front view.

The tool for deep strip tillage includes mounted on a frame through a parallelogram mechanism 1 working sections, each of which contains a height-adjustable chisel cultivator 2 with a fertilizer guide, in front of which a central circular knife 3 with flanges is installed, a pair of removable disk cleaners (in this example, removed) and a pair of circular knives 4, and the back of the roller 5. The circular knives 4 are height-adjustable and are set to the required depth with overlapping the deformation zone from chisel 2 bit 6 with its plane, and Irina their arrangement in the cross-vertical plane is equal to the width of the strip. In addition, on the chisel 2 can be installed cutting legs 7 with the possibility of vertical movement, and the width of their capture does not exceed the width of the processed strip.

The proposed method using this tool is implemented as follows.

When moving tools for deep strip tillage in the deepened position, the central disk knife 3 with the flanges of the working section cuts the turf, then, if necessary, a pair of disk cleaners spreads the crop residues. The main subsurface cultivator 2 with fertilizer guide is installed at the required depth, where it loosens the lower layer of the arable soil horizon. In accordance with the chosen depth of chiseling, disk knives 4 are installed with overlapping the deformation zone from chisel bit 6 with its own plane, and the width of their arrangement in the transverse vertical plane is equal to the width of the processed strip. A packer roller 5 is installed at the rear. In addition, cutting arms 7 can be mounted on the chisel 2 with the possibility of vertical movement, and the width of their grip does not exceed the width of the processed strip.

Thus, deep strip tillage is performed to the required depth with the required strip width with the maximum amount of cultivation.

The use of the proposed solutions allows a relatively simple way to carry out controlled volumetric strip processing of the arable horizon, improve the conditions for the development of the root system of cultivated plants and improve soil moisture accumulation, which ultimately contributes to an increase in crop yields, while maintaining the natural structure of the addition of the inter-strip horizon reduces the total energy consumption.

Claims (3)

1. The method of deep strip tillage, including cutting a gap, raking in the sides of field residues while loosening to a predetermined width, applying fertilizers to an adjustable depth and rolling the treated strip, characterized in that the loosening is carried out to the required depth, and with limitation of the deformation propagation zone in the longitudinal-vertical plane to the width of the treatment. 2. A tool for deep strip tillage, containing working sections mounted on the frame through a parallelogram mechanism, each of which includes a height-adjustable chisel cultivator with a guide, in front of which there is a central circular knife with flanges and a pair of disk cleaners, and a pair of disk knives and rink, characterized in that a pair of height-adjustable circular knives is installed at a depth with the plane covering the deformation zone from the chisel, and the width of their arrangement across the vertical plane is equal to the width of the processed strip. 3. The tool for deep strip tillage according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting arms can be mounted on the chisel with the possibility of vertical movement, and the width of their capture does not exceed the width of the treated strip.

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