RU2479969C1 - Subsoiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, in particular to a device for subsoiling. The subsoiler comprises a rack (1), a chisel attached to it (5) and additional loosening elements in the form of hingedly attached mole presses (11). The rack (1) in the lower part comprises a knife (4) made in the form of a wing. At the ends of the wing at the rear side the mole presses are attached, at the upper part of the rack (1) the oppositely located flat hoes (12) are mounted. The flat hoes (12) are mounted with the ability to change the angle of attack and of discrete reinstallation on height.

EFFECT: invention enables to reduce the tractive resistance of the device and to loosen effectively the subsurface horizon.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, to devices for basic multi-depth tillage, can be used for agrotechnical reclamation of degraded, solonetzic soils and lands of regular use.

A device for subsurface cultivation of the soil is known, including slitherese, a hollow drainer and an arch breaker connected to it using an axis with loosening elements, the axis being made of two parts articulated between each other (SU 1122247 A, A01B 13/00, 1984, bull. No. 41).

The technical drawback of such devices is that the drainer is not used efficiently, does not carry out additional cultivation, but only mixes the already compacted soil, the main cultivation is stable. This consumes additional energy for the work of the trainer. Thus, the device does not provide the required quality of loosening the soil.

The closest prototype to the proposed one is a device comprising a two-layer rack with a patch knife, a chisel attached to it and additional loosening elements (RU 2354087 C1, A01B 13/08, 12/04/2007, bull. No. 13).

The technical disadvantage of this device is that its main task is loosening and mixing of deep soil horizons (up to 0.8 m) with the introduction of ameliorants, and this, in turn, makes sense only on medium- and deep-saline, solonchak and solonchak soils. Accordingly, the device is applicable only on certain soils, while traction resistance and energy consumption are significantly increased. In addition, as the authors of the known device themselves say, its design features do not fully realize the chisel effect at a given processing depth (0.8 m), but this is the main way to reduce traction resistance and, accordingly, energy costs for the operation of a tractor unit.

Technical task: expanding the scope of the implement, increasing the amount of loosening of the soil at a depth of 0.3-0.6 m while maintaining the chisel effect of softening the arable horizon, cutting weeds, reducing specific traction resistance and energy consumption.

EFFECT: reduced traction resistance of the device, which is equivalent to a reduction in energy costs, adaptability to any soil conditions and effective loosening of subsurface horizons.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device comprising a stand, a chisel fixed on it and additionally loosening elements in the form of articulated drains, according to the invention, the stand in the lower part contains a knife made in the form of a wing, at the ends of which drains are attached, and in the upper part of the rack there are mounted opposite flat-cutting legs with the possibility of discrete reinstallation of them in height. Flat-cut legs are mounted with the ability to change the angle of attack.

The device is illustrated by drawings: FIG. 1 is a general view of a tillage implement, FIG. 2 is a deep-ripper, FIG. 3 is a knife of a deep-ripper with drains, FIG. 4 is a diagram of soil cheeselization, cultivation of cultivated plants and weed cutting.

The device comprises a rack 1, which is mounted with holes for fastening 2 to the frame of the tillage implement 3, a knife 4 perpendicular and symmetrical to it, on which the chisel 5 and blades 6 are attached. Cylindrical bodies 7 with a cone 8 and a cover 9 are welded to the ends of the knife, on which with the help of hinges 10, the drains 11 are mounted. For discrete re-installation along the height of the opposed flat-cutting legs 12, grooves 13 are provided, and for changing the angle of attack - eccentrics 14. For supplying complex fertilizers or ameliorants to the soil e horizons with a design on the rear side of the rack provides a tube with a nozzle 15 (Fig.1-3).

With the passage of the device, weeds and their root system 16 are trimmed, a crested bottom of the furrow is formed with elevations (ridges) 17 and volume-loose cavities 18, over which it is recommended to sow or plant cultivated plants 19 (Fig. 4).

The device operates as follows.

The main tillage is carried out in the fall by a tillage implement 3. When it moves, the rack 1 with its knife 4, made in the form of a wing, rips the soil at a depth of H, plane-cutting legs 12 loosen the soil at a depth of h, weeds are cut and their root system is chopped 16. The working range of plane-cutting legs 12 lies in the range from 0.1 to 0.4 m, a working width of 0.45 m (Figs. 1-4).

Soil softening is carried out by a chisel 5 located on the knife 4, which additionally conducts crushing and mixing of the soil with the drains 11. The decrease in resistance when deepening the cylindrical bodies 7 is due to the cones 8 at an angle of ≈45 °, located on the side in the direction of movement of the unit. Hinges 10 have two degrees of freedom. The cylindrical body 7 is hollow inside, attached to the back of the knife 4 by welding and provide for the installation of a bearing, which is closed by a cover 9 (figure 3).

As a result of plowing by the tillage implement 3, a crested bottom of the furrow is formed with volume-loose cavities 18 (the subsoil horizon of the soil is 0.3-0.6 m), along the track of the knife 4, due to the work of the drains 11, and elevations 17 are ridges (Fig. .four).

The width b of the bit 5 is 0.06 m, the declination angle β = 25-30 °. With these parameters and the presence of a bevel on bit 5, the effect of soil chiseling is provided. Cheesing is accompanied by collapse of the soil at an angle of ≈45 ° on the sides and in front of rack 1.

This effect is explained by blocked cutting of the soil by means of bit 5 without the removal of soil shavings on the day surface. Since the chip cut by the bit is locked from all sides, it accumulates on the upper planes of bit 5. When the tillage implement 3 moves further, the chip is compressed, the pressure on the plane of the bit (compressive stress of the soil) reaches 50 MPa, moisture and air are squeezed out of the chip. After that, fragments of compressed soil break down from the bit and fan-like scatter on the sides and the course of movement of the rack 1. The process occurs continuously and at the maximum depth of the device. As a result, rack 1 moves in loose soil. This explains the decrease in traction resistance, and, accordingly, and energy costs for the operation of the machine and tractor unit.

In the process of tillage, markers are installed on the field surface or a modern satellite navigation system (GPS) is used - precision farming, indicating the location of elevations 17 of the furrow bottom. Sowing or planting of cultivated plants 19 must be carried out over volumetric-loose recesses of the bottom of the furrow.

The device and the soil profile it forms is characterized by the following indicators.

1. Depth of processing (along the track of the passage of the knife) N = 0.3-0.6 m

2. The maximum depth of work of flat-cutting paws h = 0.40 m.

3. The width of the inter-track M = 0.35-0.40 m.

4. The width of the recess B = 0.32-0.36 m

5. The width of the bit b = 0.06 m

6. Bevel angle β = 25-30 °.

5. The bevel angles of the ridges α≈45 °.

The application of the proposed device provides:

1. Reducing energy costs - chiseling is accompanied by collapse of the soil after digging with a chisel on the knife of arable and subsurface horizons. As a result of this, the specific traction resistance of a chisel-type implement is 20-35% less than the similar index of a plow-blade plow, despite the large processing depth, the specific fuel consumption in the tractor is proportionally reduced.

2. Reducing the flow of irrigation water - with a slope of the field, plowing is carried out across the slope, thereby preventing water erosion of the soil and subsoil water flows, since moisture “hides” behind the elevations. After chiseling of the soil, moisture from precipitation and irrigation accumulates and is retained for longer periods in bulk-loose cavities, and evaporation is limited by its deep occurrence and “hiding” of the caving planes. The absence of water runoff and subsoil flows also contributes to the retention of soil moisture.

3. Reducing the use of chemical measures to control weeds - the presence of opposite flat-cutting legs that can be discretely re-set in height and adjust the angle of inclination, allows you to mechanically control weeds without additional energy and resource costs.

4. Improving the fertility and rheological properties of regular land, restoration of degraded soils - a change in these indicators in the direction of improvement, is explained by the following:

- the use of the proposed tools includes various types of technological operations. To achieve a similar result in modern land use, various tools are needed, and this, accordingly, leads to multiple passes of heavy equipment, as a result of which the arable and subsurface horizons are re-compacted, the rheological properties of the soil deteriorate and crop yields decrease. Thus, the use of the proposed deep-ripper eliminates additional necessary technological operations;

- the presence of bulk-loose cavities at a depth of 0.3-0.6 m and the presence of a structurally designed tube with a nozzle allow various ameliorants to be introduced into the subsurface horizon, which contribute to the restoration of degraded lands by activating the microbiological flora, increasing the humus content, and reducing salts.

5. Increase in crop productivity - the presence of mechanical measures to control weeds, the formation of volumetric moisture-saving and water-retaining areas in the soil, the creation of the soil structure necessary for plant growth (density, friability), the accumulation of organic matter in the recesses favors the development and obtaining high crop yields.

Thus, the proposed cultivator promotes the restoration of degraded lands, increase fertility, improve the rheological properties of arable and subsurface horizons, which, accordingly, positively affects the growth of crops, and also reduces energy costs associated with tillage and irrigation.

Claims (1)

A subsoiler containing a stand, a chisel fixed to it and additional loosening elements in the form of articulated drains, and opposite top-mounted flat-cutting legs with discrete height adjustment are installed in the upper part of the rack, characterized in that the rack in the lower part contains a knife made in the form wing, at the ends of which from the back are attached drains.

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