RU2437268C1 - Ploughshare - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: ploughshare comprises a stand with a blade and a fertiliser tube mounted as protruding below the level of the cutting blade knives. The fertiliser tube that cuts soil is arranged as controlled along height depending on type of seeds, sown plants and distribution of their root system into soil depth. At the front the fertiliser tube is equipped with a reflecting-cutting knife made with a slant to the lower point of the fertiliser tube. The fertiliser tube is controlled along height, spring-loaded and equipped with limiters of knife travel up and down, made in the form of rings mounted on the fertiliser tube.

EFFECT: improved technological capabilities of soil cultivation, prevention of soil fragments ingress into a seed tube, provision of reliable operation of a ploughshare due to even sowing of seeds and supply of fertilisers into soil, and also reduced load at a fertiliser tube.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the working bodies of seeders and cultivators-fertilizers for subsoil application of solid mineral fertilizers.

Known combined unit for tillage and sowing, containing a frame, a tow hitch mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation of the cultivator, a hopper for seeds, a device for preparing the soil and distributing seeds, a packer roller, supporting wheels and a zagotach, while the unit is equipped with a parallelogram mechanism and leveling roller. A device for preparing the soil and distributing seeds or fertilizers is made in the form of disk coulters, the upper parts of the racks of which are mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation. See RF patent for utility model No. 16422 "Combined unit for tillage and sowing" dated 03.07.2000. M. Cl. 7 A01B 49/06.

The disadvantages of the known combined unit include low technological capabilities, consisting in uneven distribution or interruptions due to clogging of the soil supplying bulk materials to the channel, including fertilizers, which, dissolving in the soil, do not provide sufficient nutrition for the roots of plants buried in the soil below its level loosening the cutting foot of the opener.

A more advanced coulter design for applying solid mineral fertilizers is known. See patent for invention No. 2176441 - prototype, M.cl. A01C 7/20. The coulter contains a stand with a working body attached to it, a box duct with an oblique cutout, a slotter, while the cheeks are pivotally-movably attached to the lower part of the duct, fixed on their inner sides at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical with the middle position of the cheeks in a checkerboard pattern the order at different levels of the reflecting plate, and the rear wall of the box duct is movable.

The disadvantages of the known coulter include the hit of soil on the reflecting plates, the clogging of the coulter and the cessation of seed supply, and subsequently passes in crops.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular to increase the manufacturability of soil cultivation, to prevent soil fragments from entering the vas deferens, to ensure the coulter operation reliability regarding uniform and constant sowing of seeds, feeding fertilizers into the soil, and reducing the load on the piping.

The objective set by the invention is achieved by the fact that the fertilizer duct cutting the soil is made height-adjustable, depending on the type of seeds of the sown plants and the spread of their root system into the soil depth, it is equipped with a reflective-cutting knife in front made with a bevel to the lower point of the ductwork, while being adjustable according to the height of the pipe line is spring-loaded and equipped with up-and-down knife travel stops made in the form of rings mounted on the pipe line.

The lower part of the pipe line, buried in the soil behind the reflective cutting knife with a bevel to the lower point of the pipe line in cross section, is made in the form of a droplet shape.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is that the cutting of the fertilizer pipe is adjustable in height, depending on the type of seeds of the sown plants and the spread of their root system in the depth of the soil, it is equipped with a reflective-cutting knife in front with a bevel to the lower point of the pipe, while the pipe is height-adjustable spring-loaded and equipped with limiters of the knife up and down, made in the form of rings mounted on the duct.

So, the presence of a knife in front of the cutting part of the man-made pipe facilitates the penetration of the man-made pipe into the soil and its passage in the soil during operation, and its execution with a bevel to the lower point of the man-pipe, in combination with its spring-loaded state, makes it possible to encounter an obstacle (stones, hard soil, cut metal or wooden objects, tree roots, etc.) cut a part of them, and in the case of a hard stop against the barrier, raise the piping in the area with the barrier, and then, using spring forces again, deepen to the specified depth. The presence of limiters for the movement of the pipelines in the form of rings at a given depth of loosening of soil by the pipelines mounted on it provides a constant, stable supply and fertilizer to the soil to the required depth.

The signs that the lower part of the man-made pipe is buried in the soil in a cross-section in a drop-shaped form, on the tip of which a reflective-cutting knife is mounted with a bevel to the lower point of the man-pipe, are additional signs that contribute to the achievement of the objective of the invention.

These signs, according to the analogues and prototype discovered by the applicant, are new, the solution is not obvious, industrially feasible. The signs are aimed at achieving the objective set by the invention - improving the processability of soil cultivation, preventing clogging of the coulter structural elements with soil fragments and ensuring uniform and constant sowing of seeds, feeding fertilizers or other bulk materials into the soil.

Design features of the proposed opener are illustrated in figure 1 - side view to the direction of movement of the opener during its operation.

Figure 2 schematically in an enlarged scale shows a cross section of the lower part of the opener on the knife.

The proposed opener consists of a hollow stand-holder 1, mounted on the frame 2. At the lower end of the stand-holder 1 is fixedly fixed cutting leg 2, and in the cavity of the stand-holder mounted height-adjustable pipe 3, made in a drop-shaped cross-section with travel stops, made in the form of rings 4, 5, 6. The height pipe control mechanism is made in the form of a series of holes 7 in the bracket 8. welded on the side of the cutting leg of the front part of the pipe leg 3 mounted reflectively e-cutting knife 9 with a bevel to the lower point of the duct 3. The duct is spring-loaded with a calibrated spring 10. The lower part of the duct 3 is made with a reverse bevel with respect to the bevel of the reflecting-cutting knife 9.

The proposed opener during operation can perform the following basic operations individually and all together: - loosening the soil, applying fertilizers to the soil, sowing seeds into the soil. Before starting work, the piping 3 is installed at a predetermined depth in the soil by, for example, as shown in the drawing, in the upper hole. In this case, the spring 10 presses on the ring 6 of the stroke limiting mechanism rigidly fixed on the fertilizer pipe 3, lowering the lower part of the fertilizer pipe to a predetermined depth until it contacts the ring 4, rigidly connected to the bracket 8. At the same time, when fertilizing the soil to a predetermined depth, depending on the type of sown seeds of plants, the piping 3 is also buried, through which fertilizers are introduced into the soil below the level of sowing seeds. When moving forward, the reflecting-cutting knife 9 first cuts into the soil and facilitates the passage of the drop-shaped form of the pipe guide 3 in the soil, and when meeting an obstacle, for example with a stone, the pipe pipe is raised due to the bevel of the knife 9, overcoming the obstacle encountered, and then under the action of the spring force 10 restores the depth of fertilizer application in the soil.

If it is necessary to apply fertilizer to a greater or lesser depth, the piping 3, using the height adjustment mechanism, made in the form of holes 7 and a pin, is set to the optimal depth of penetration for the planted type of plant seeds.

The successive impact of the elements of the man-pipe 3 on the soil - first with a knife 9 with a bevel, then the bottom of the drop-shaped cross section of the man-pipe 3, made with a bevel in the opposite direction from the knife, prevents the soil from blocking the feed channel for fertilizer 3 fertilizers.

When meeting with more dense, such as clay soil, or when meeting with an object foreign to the soil, the fertilizer line 3, meeting increased resistance, tends to rise, preventing direct contact with the obstacle and thereby avoiding undesirable maximum loads on it and breakdowns.

Currently, working drawings have been developed for the proposed opener, a prototype has been manufactured, which has passed field tests. The coulter performed well at various depths and on various types of soils, including wet soil tillage - no coulter clogging occurred.

It was decided to start serial production of the proposed device.

Claims (2)

1. The coulter, consisting of a stand with a paw and piping mounted protruding below the level of the knives of the cutting paw, characterized in that the piping cutting the soil is made height-adjustable depending on the type of seeds of the sown plants and the spread of their root system into the depth of the soil, equipped with a reflective front - a cutting knife, made with a bevel to the lower point of the pipe line, while the height-adjustable pipe line is spring-loaded and equipped with up-down knife travel limiters made in the form of rings mounted on the pipe line ode. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the fertilizer pipe, which is dug into the soil behind the reflective-cutting knife with a bevel to the lower point of the pipe pipe, is made in the cross section in a drop-shaped form.

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