RU2685398C1 - Combined device for tillage of soil and belt application of fertilizers in crest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, namely, to soil treatment machines with simultaneous local fertilizer application into the soil and formation of a crest for potatoes and other crops cultivation according to riddling technology. Combined device for loosening soil and belt application of fertilizers in crest comprises flat metal leg stand installed on the frame, stroke depth stabilizer and fertilizer application tube. Metal trapezoidal metal cultivator in the form of a plate is fixed horizontally on flat metal leg-bolt. Front edge of ripper is directed back along the path and forms an angle λ=30–45° to plane of flat metal leg stand. For chipping of soil rear edge of metal ripper is located above front edge and forms an angle α=20–30° to the soil horizon. Height / depth of ripper installation is adjusted by moving it up or down and aligning holes on flat metal leg and holes on metal ripper. Metal dumps made in the form of bent planks with thickness of 10–15 mm, width of 80–110 mm and length of 250–300 mm are bolted on flat metal leg stand in its rear part and above metal ripper leg. Change of depth of their installation relative to surface of soil is carried out by movement of metal dumps upwards or downwards and by alignment of holes, as well as at metal lawn ripper. Front metal spherical discs with smooth edges with diameter of 250–300 mm are fixed by bolt, bracket and hub to the post. They extend the soil into the spaces between rows and create a bed with width of 200–250 mm to accommodate the fertilizer tape, which are dosed from a fertilizer box fixed on a frame, are fed through a fertilizer tube attached by yokes and bolts to the post, for even spreading of fertilizers on the stock in the form of a tape. At bottom of rack pivotally bolt is fixed metal reflector-scatterer of fertilizer trapezoidal shape with width of front side of 80–120 mm and rear 200 mm, which is spring-loaded by spring and creates trapezoidal shape fertilizers between trailer-scatterer metal plane and angle of angle β=20–25°. Rear base of metal reflector-scatterer of fertilizer of trapezoidal shape rests against surface of bed and leveling surface for uniform distribution of fertilizer thereon. Following trapezoidal metal trailing reflector-dissipator, oppositely located rear metal spherical discs with diameter of 400–500 mm, fixed to post by bolt, bracket and hub, raking soil pushed into spacing with front metal spherical discs to form crest. Height of comb is regulated by lowering or lifting rack with disks. Edges of back metal spherical disks have cuts with which large lumps crumble and are filled in a crest, and fine, sifting through the cut edge of a disk, remain on surface of a ridge, forming a mulching layer from the loose fine lumpy ground, reducing evaporation from soil surface.EFFECT: providing local loosening of soil under the ridge and in the crest, band application of fertilizer in the crest and formation of a crest for planting of potatoes or other crops cultivated according to riddling technology.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for tillage with simultaneous local fertilization of the soil and the formation of the ridge for the subsequent planting of potatoes and other crops cultivated according to the ridge technology.

A device is known for local fertilization by forming holes, placing fertilizers in them and pinching them with soil (Patent RF №2225088). The disadvantage is the point fertilization and frequent clogging of the hollow teeth of the tubing lines with wet soil and, therefore, uneven fertilization.

A device for multilayer application of mineral fertilizers in the soil (Patent RF №2372766). The device includes a stand with a shoe, right and left blades, mounted on the shoe. The main mixer is attached to the rear of the rack with a pipeline and an air duct embedded in its upper part and a reflector-distributor placed at its base. The device is equipped with one or several additional mixers of different lengths attached to the back of the rack, with a tier arrangement of their bases. Each additional mixer contains a reflector-distributor. In the upper part of each additional mixer embedded tube and air duct. Such a constructive implementation will ensure the introduction of mineral fertilizers in several layers in the arable layer of soil to create favorable conditions for the development of plants.

The disadvantage of this device is the high intensity and complexity of operation in the presence of wet soil layers and crop residues, which are clogged spherical disks.

A device for fertilizing the soil (Patent RF 2204231). The working body for fertilization into the soil is made in the form of a flat disk with trapezoidal teeth and with direct tukotransportation trays installed on the disk, directed against the direction of rotation, and tuk reflectors in place of particles coming off the trays. Reflectors have a flat shape and are mounted on a disk with the possibility of angular movement at an angle of not more than 90 ° to the plane of the trays in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation, thereby creating a continuous vertical screen of fertilizers.

The disadvantage is the frequent clogging of the disk with wet soil and failures in operation when the unit is moving at a speed of more than 6 km / hour.

A device for layering the subsoil mineral fertilizers together with flat-cutting soil (Patent RF 2494597). The device includes a rack, Shoe, right and left shares, chisel, funnel for receiving fertilizers. The funnel contains a tukoprovod, an air duct and a rectangular nozzle. Reflector-diffusers are installed under the channels. Inside the pipe hinged divider. The divider is made in the form of an equilateral corner with a leash. The leash is installed along the bisector of the divider. The leash is hinged to the upper shoulder of the chisel through a lever-hinge mechanism. The chisel is pivotally mounted on the shoe and is spring-loaded relative to the shoe.

The disadvantage is the shallow depth of tillage and the uneven distribution of fertilizers in the soil.

A device is known - paw of a flat-cutter-deep-ripper-fertilizer (Agricultural and land-reclamation machines. // NI Klenin, VA Sakun. - M .: Kolos, 1994. - 752 p.) The device consists of a rack with an attached to her shoe, on which are fixed the right and left plowshares, and the chisel, installed along the line of their connection. A mixer is attached to the back of the rack, which includes a funnel, in the upper part of which there is a pipeline and an air duct, and a rectangular nozzle. Mineral fertilizers are fed through the pipeline to the funnel, where air is blown through the duct by the fan. In the funnel, the air captures the fertilizers and transports them through the nozzle to the reflector-distributor, located at its base. Reflector-distributor evenly distributes fertilizers across the entire width of the paw, which are immediately embedded with soil, descending from the plowshares.

The disadvantage of the device is that the device does not provide the subsoil application of mineral fertilizers to different depths of the soil, depending on its fertility.

Known tillage tool for tillage and fertilization, containing the frame, mounted on the frame rack, flat foot, a tube for fertilizer, a horizontal bar, equalizer and roller (Patent SU 1516020).

The disadvantage of this tool is that it does not provide surface treatment without first loosening the arable horizon, successfully coping with its tasks after plowing.

Known combined tillage tool (prototype) (Patent SU 2166845). The implement contains a rack mounted on the frame, a flat foot, a fertilizer tube, a horizontal bar, an equalizer and a roller-separator. The rack has in the lower part a paw stabilizer of depth of the course. A hinge with a horizontal axis of rotation is mounted on the rear of the rack, on which a flat, streamlined paw is mounted. Flat paw at the time of deepening and in the working position changes the angle of entry into the soil. At the top of the rack there is a bracket with a vertical hinge and a shaft, at the end of which a horizontal bar is installed. To adjust the quality of tillage, the flat foot is equipped with a spring bar to set the pre-set angle of the foot at the moment of burial. Such a constructive implementation will improve the quality of tillage, the stability of the arms and reduce vertical loads.

The disadvantage of this tool is: lack of reliability of the structure due to the presence of a flat foot, which changes the angle of inclination to the horizon is a bar attached to the end of a flat foot, this connection contributes to the accumulation of crop residues on the rod and its rapid failure, the fertilizer is narrow line that during irrigation increases the concentration of water-soluble substances in a small volume of soil, and this leads to burns of the root system and the inhibition of plants, such as potatoes , Which reduces the yield.

The objective of the invention is to develop a combined device for simultaneous local deep loosening of the soil (up to 45 cm) under the ridge and in the ridge, the application of mineral fertilizers to the ridge to a predetermined depth and the formation of the ridge for subsequent planting, for example, potatoes.

The technical result is local loosening of the soil under the ridge and in the ridge, the tape fertilization in the ridge and the formation of the ridge for planting potatoes or other crops cultivated by the ridge technology.

The technical result is achieved by a combined device for loosening the soil and belt fertilizer application in the ridge, which contains a flat metal leg-rack mounted on the frame and a depth gauge, a fertilizer tube, and the metal trapezoidal leg-loader is bolted on a flat metal leg rack. forms in the form of a plate, the leading edge of which is directed backwards along the course and forms an angle λ = 30-45 degrees to the plane of the flat metal foot-stand, also for The crumbling of the soil, the rear edge of the metal cultivator paw is located above the leading edge and forms an angle α = 20-30 degrees to the soil horizon; its height / depth of installation is adjusted by moving it up or down and aligning the holes on the flat metal paw and the holes metal plow ripper, metal piles made in the form of curved slats 10-15 mm thick, 80-110 mm wide and 250-300 mm wide, are fastened on a flat metal paw rack in the rear part and above the metal ripper-plow ripper The depth of their installation relative to the soil surface is changed by moving metal dumps up or down and aligning the holes, as well as on the metal ripper paw, the front metal spherical discs with smooth edges with a diameter of 250-300 mm are fixed with a bolt, bracket and hub to the rack; move the soil between the rows and create a bed of 200-250 mm in width to accommodate a ribbon of fertilizers that are dosed out of the fertilizer box attached to the frame are fed through the fertilizer pipe to the attached with hinges and bolts to the rack, for uniform sifting of fertilizers on the bed in the form of a tape, at the bottom of the rack a metal reflector-diffuser of trapezoidal fertilizers, 80-120 mm wide and 200 mm back, is pivotally bolted; it is spring-loaded and creates between the plane of the metal reflector- trapezoidal fertilizer diffuser and bed surface angle β = 20-25 degrees, the wide rear base of the metal reflector-trapezoidal fertilizer lens rests against the surface of the bed and you A surface for uniform distribution of fertilizers on it, reaching behind a metal trapezoidal-shaped fertilizer reflector, oppositely located rear metal spherical discs with a diameter of 400-500 mm, fixed to the stand with a bolt, bracket and hub scrape the soil, which is spread between the front rows with metal spherical discs and form the ridge, the height of the ridge is regulated by lowering or raising the rack with the disks, the edges of the rear metal spherical disks have cuts with which large lumps crumble and close up into the ridge, and small sifting through the cut edge of the disk remain on the surface of the ridge, forming a mulching layer of loose, loosely lumpy soil, reducing evaporation from the soil surface.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, where a side view is shown and FIG. 2., where the top view is shown.

Combined device for loosening the soil and tape fertilizer in the ridge contains, mounted on frame 1, a flat metal leg-rack 2 and a depth gauge 3, a fertilizer tube 4, fastening bolts 5, horizontal metal paws-trapezoidal-shaped plates in the form of a plate , the front edge of which is directed back along and forms an angle λ = 30-45 degrees to the plane of the flat metal foot-rack 2, and the rear edge of the horizontal metal foot-ripper 6 is located above the front edge omki and forms an angle α = 20-30 degrees to the soil horizon, its height / depth of installation is adjusted by moving it up or down and aligning the holes 7 on a flat metal leg-rack 2 and the holes 8 on a metal paw ripper, on a flat metal leg - the rack 2 in the rear part and above the metal ripper-plow 6 is fastened with bolts 9 metal piles 10 in the form of curved planks with a thickness of 10-15 mm, a width of 80-110 mm and a length of 250-300 mm; their depth is set relative to the soil surface moving me 10 up and down tall dumps and a combination of holes 11, as well as the metal ripper 6, the front metal spherical disks 12 with smooth edges with a diameter of 250-300 mm, are fixed with a bolt 13 with a bracket 14 and a hub 15 to the rack 16, they push the soil between the rows and create a bed 17 200-250 mm wide to accommodate a ribbon of fertilizers, which are dosed out of the fertilizer box 18 attached to the frame 1, are fed through a pipe to apply fertilizer 4 onto clamps attached 19 and bolts 20 to the rack 21, for uniform sowing of fertilizers in view e tape on the bed 17, at the bottom of the rack 21 pivotally bolt 22 fixed metal reflector-lens fertilizer 23 trapezoidal shape with a front side width of 80-120 mm and rear 200 mm, spring-loaded spring 24 and creates between the plane of a metal trapezoidal shape 23 and the surface bed 17 angle β = 20-25 degrees, the wide rear base of the metal reflector-distributor of trapezoidal fertilizer 23 rests on the surface of the bed 17 and levels the surface for uniform distribution on her fertilizers, reaching for the trapezoidal form 23 metal reflector-distributor, oppositely located rear metal spherical disks 25 with a diameter of 400-500 mm, fixed to the rack 26 by a bolt 27 with a bracket 28 and a hub 29 raking the soil spread out between the front rows of metal spherical disks 12 and forming the ridge, the height of the ridge is regulated by lowering or raising the pillar 26 with the rear metal spherical disks 25, the edges of which have cuts 30 which large lumps crumble and close up a comb, and fine sifting through the cut edge of the disk, remain on the tongue surface, forming a mulch layer of loose soil finely lumpy reducing evaporation from the soil surface.

The device works as follows.

When the device is moving, a flat metal foot-rack 2 with a depth-of-depth stabilizer 3 installed on it, horizontal metal rippers 6 and metal dumps 10 dives into the soil to a predetermined depth of 450 mm and loosens the soil, while the flat metal foot-rack 2 pushes soil and creates a gap, stabilizer depth of stroke 3 and metal paw-ripper 6 loosen the soil by raising the soil and dumping it after the passage of the unit, metal dumps 10 crush and move apart the loose soil after the passage oh metal paws-rack 2 and horizontal metal paw-ripper 6 and widen the gap remaining after the passage of the flat metal paw-rack 2 to 120-150 mm and create conditions for further crumbling of the soil with front metal spherical disks 12 that crush and move the soil into the aisle and create a bed for fertilizers, which are fed through a tube for fertilizer 4 to the metal reflector-diffuser fertilizer trapezoidal shape 23, a wide rear base, which rests on the surface l bed 17, aligns the surface and provides a uniform distribution of fertilizers on the bed 17, going behind the metal reflector-diffuser fertilizers trapezoidal form 23 opposite rear metal spherical disks 25 rake the soil, spread in the aisle with front metal spherical disks 12 and form a ridge, the height of the ridge is adjustable lowering or raising the pillar 26 with disks 25, the edges of the rear metal spherical disks 25 have cuts 30, with which large lumps crumble and set sifted through the cut edge of the disk, remain on the surface of the ridge, forming a mulch layer of loose, finely lumpy soil, reducing evaporation from the soil surface.

Claims (1)

Combined device for loosening the soil and tape fertilizer in the ridge, containing a flat metal leg-rack mounted on the frame and a depth of depth stabilizer, a fertilizer tube, characterized in that the trapezoidal-shaped horizontal leg is bolted onto the flat metal leg-rack in the form of a plate, the leading edge of which is directed backwards along the course and forms an angle λ = 30-45 ° to the plane of the flat metal foot-stand, also for crumbling the soil, the trailing edge of the meta The plow-ripper is located above the leading edge and forms an angle α = 20-30 ° to the soil horizon; its height / depth of installation is adjusted by moving it up or down and aligning the holes on the flat metal foot-rack and the holes on the metal foot-ripper, bolted metal piles made in the form of curved planks with a thickness of 10–15 mm, a width of 80–110 mm, and a length of 250–300 mm, on the flat metal paw-rack in the rear part and above the metal paw-ripper, change their installation depth relative to but the soil surface is carried out by moving the metal dumps up or down and aligning the holes, as well as on the metal paw-ripper; front metal spherical discs with smooth edges with a diameter of 250-300 mm are fixed with a bolt, bracket and hub to the stand, they push the soil between the rows and create a bed of 200-250 mm wide to accommodate a tape of fertilizers that are dosed out of the fertilizer box fixed to the frame, are fed through a fertilizer pipe attached with clamps and bolts to the stand for uniform sowing of fertilizers on the bed in the form of a tape, at the bottom of the stand a metal reflector-distributor of trapezoidal fertilizers is hinged with a bolt The width of the front side is 80–120 mm and the back side is 200 mm, which is spring-loaded and creates an angle of β = 20–25 ° between the plane of the metal reflector-distributor of trapezoidal fertilizers and the bed surface, the wide rear base of the metal reflector-distributor of trapezoidal fertilizers rests on the surface of the bed and levels the surface for even distribution of fertilizers on it, going behind the metal reflector-diffusor of trapezoidal fertilizers of the oppositely arranged rear meta Spherical disks with a diameter of 400-500 mm, fastened to the stand with a bolt, bracket and hub, rake the soil spread out in the aisle with front metal spherical disks and form a ridge, the height of the ridge is adjusted by lowering or raising the rack with disks, the edges of the rear metal spherical disks have cuts in which large lumps crumble and close up into the ridge, and small ones, sifting through the cut edge of the disk, remain on the surface of the ridge, forming a mulch layer of loose, finely lumpy soil, reducing It evaporates from the soil surface.

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