JPH0822164B2 - Sowing method and seed cutting gutter cover device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sowing method for sowing in a no-tillage field and a groove cutting cover device for sowing used when sowing in a no-tillage field.

(B) Conventional technology Conventionally, as a no-till sowing method for wheat, a sowing method that sows the no-till field immediately after cutting the culms, a sowing method in the no-till field after harvesting, and then a trench excavation. Then, cover the soil on the floor for about 3 cm, and then spread the straw on the cover soil for organic matter supplementation, cut the straw by cutting work with a combine with a cutter and spray it into the field If so, the seeds will be sown on the straw, so even if the soil is covered, the germination and subsequent growth will deteriorate due to drying or other reasons.To prevent the harmful effects of this, the field surface should be cultivated to a depth of 5-12 cm. A seeding method and the like in which seeds are raised and mixed with soil along with straw are already known.

In addition, as a sowing device for sowing, a plurality of excavating claws were attached to the part corresponding to the groove on the cultivating shaft of the rotary cultivator to excavate the soil, and the soil on the floor was leveled with a soil soil plate etc. Those that cover the soil are already known.

(C) Problem to be Solved by the Invention The above-mentioned seeding method has a problem that if the weather is good after seeding, the seedling is dried and the germination rate is reduced.

The above-mentioned seeding method, the harvested straw must be taken out of the field once, and after the seed covering is covered, the straw must be shredded and cut into straws, and the straws must be transported to the field again and sprayed evenly. Difficult to apply and requires a lot of labor,
In addition, there is a problem that the straw is not easily corroded.

In the above-mentioned sowing method, tilling work is difficult in the field after rainfall, the sowing time is delayed, and the process of mixing seeds with soil is troublesome. There was a problem that when raining after seeding, which is one of the characteristics of sowing, rainwater did not permeate the floor part easily and the feature that it easily flowed into the ditch was impaired.

Further, in the known sowing trench covering and covering device, a large amount of excavated soil is deposited in the trench and a large amount of soil is deposited at the edge of the trench, which prevents water from flowing into the trench during rainfall. However, there were problems such as poor germination.

(D) Means for solving the problem The present invention cuts straw into shreds in a mowing threshing step, sprays the straws into a field in a non-tillage state, and then cuts seeds of cultivated crops. Sowing on the straw, stirring the cut straw and seeds in this state to sink the seed to the lower layer of the cut straw and excavate a groove at intervals corresponding to the ridge floor width of the cultivated crop, and the excavated soil The problem in the conventional sowing method was solved by covering the above-mentioned straw with soil.

Further, the present invention performs the cutting straw stirring process and the trench excavation covering process substantially simultaneously in parallel, and the stirring means comprising a stirring claw having a small diameter rotation locus in a width portion corresponding to the ridge floor width of the cultivated crop on the rotation axis. And, the work process was rationalized by mounting the grooving means composed of grooving claws having a large diameter rotation locus located on both sides of the stirring means.

Furthermore, a plurality of sets of grooving claws are attached to the horizontal rotation shaft supported by the frame at intervals corresponding to the ridge width of the cultivated crop, and the grooving claws are rotated immediately after the pair of grooving claws. Groove shaping that has a vertical strip-shaped upper surface on the front part that guides upwards the plowing soil that enters the groove part cultivated by the grooving claw and approaches the trajectory and is subjected to the flip-up action of the grooving claw Conventionally, by providing a soil covering device, which comprises a groove dredging portion for use in soil and a soil covering portion that guides the soil scooped up by the groove dredging on the ridges in the non-tillage state on both sides to evenly cover the soil. The problem of the trench cutting soil covering device for sowing was solved.

Furthermore, the scooping upper surface of the groove dredging portion is tilted so that the rear part is higher in side view, and is arranged in an upright shape in a substantially strip shape with a width corresponding to the groove width in front view so that the side surfaces of the groove are substantially vertical. The construction of the above facilitates the transfer of soil to the soil board.

(E) Action In the sowing method, there is little influence of weather conditions such as rainfall, and sowing can be done in a timely and prompt manner.
Even if it rains after sowing, the lower layer of the ridge is in the non-tillage state with little infiltration of rainwater, and the rainwater flows into the ditch from the field surface in the non-tillage state and is drained, improving the germination rate. However, the cover soil applied on the seeds can prevent weed germination and bird damage.

Also, by stirring the seeds sown on the straw with the straw, the seeds are transferred to the soil surface of the field under the straw, and since the soil is covered in that state, the seeds are more likely to come into contact with the soil in the field and germinate. As well as improving, it is possible to prevent the damage of the weeds and birds, and to keep the straw in a wet state to promote its corrosion.

In the sowing trench cutting and covering device, the soil that was bounced up by the pair of grooving claws and collided with the soil receiving plate of the covering soil part repelled, sowed in the no-tillage field scene, and stirred with the straw. The soil drowned in the groove is retained and accumulated in the groove, and the soil carried around by the grooving claw is scooped higher than the groove using the flip-up action of the grooving claw The collapsed soil covers the seeds in a level manner while being guided by the soil cover portion toward the center of the ridge between the grooves.

In addition, if the upper surface of the scooping part of the groove drooping is inclined in an arc shape so that the rear part is gradually higher in side view, and it is arranged in an upright shape in a substantially strip shape with a width corresponding to the groove width in front view The soil in the groove that receives the lifting action can be guided to a high level and transferred to the soil backing plate of the soil cover, so that the soil does not deposit high on the side of the trench and the soil backing plate can smoothly guide the soil. Can be done.

Further, if the stirring and the soil covering the trench are simultaneously performed, the working process can be rationalized.

(F) Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Example I [Sowing process] In a no-till field where rice was cut, seeds such as wheat or beans and fertilizer were sown by a power dusting granulator or a seeding device and a fertilizer applied to a tractor. After harvesting, the beans will be harvested in the following spring).

At this time, when the grain culms are cut and threshed by the combine, the straw discharged from the threshing device is shredded with a cutter to be cut into straws, which are then spread substantially evenly over the field, and then the whole surface of the non-tillage field. Then, seeds and fertilizer are sprayed by the seeding device and fertilizer application device, and the seeds and fertilizer are sprayed on the straw. Next, when the cut straw is stirred together with the seed and the fertilizer by a rotary tedder (vertical axis type) or other stirring device, the seed and the fertilizer having a specific gravity larger than that of the cut straw move to the lower side of the cut straw.

At that time, when sowing barley between the threshing device and the cutter, by interposing a seed device or a fertilizer application device with the seed device,
The stirring process can be omitted.

Then, even after the rain, the sowing and fertilization can be performed if the no-tillage scene is dried to some extent.

[Grooving cover soil process and slotting cover device]

The groove cutting soil covering device is composed of a rotary tilling device 1, a groove dredging portion 2 and a soil covering portion 3 which are continuously provided at a rear portion of the rotary tilling device 1, and the rotary tilling device 1 has a tilling shaft as shown in FIG. 2 (a). A set of two flanges 4a, 4a is provided in a projecting position at a distance corresponding to the ridge width of 4, and a plurality of flanges 4a, 4a are provided on the outer circumference of these flanges 4a, 4a (for example, 8 flanges per flange 4a). ) It is constructed by forming the grooved claws 5 ... consisting of the grooving claws as a set and mounting them outwardly in a radial manner. Excavation width) 150-1
60 mm, the gap between the groups (ridge width) was set to 1000 to 1200 mm.

Both lower parts of the machine frame are connected to the rear part of the agricultural tractor by a pair of left and right lower links, and the top mast 6 standing upright at the center of the upper part is connected to the top link bracket 7 projecting on the rear surface of the agricultural tractor via the top link 8. Since the intermediate portion of the lower link is connected to the lift arm via the lift rod, the rotary tiller 1 moves up and down.

The groove dredging portion 2 and the soil covering portion 3 are respectively arranged immediately after the pair of grooved nails 5 ... And the front surface of the grooved groove 2 is brought close to the rotation locus of the grooved nails 5. . And that pillar
A tool bar 11 to which 10 is attached so that it can be moved laterally is pivotally supported at its front part on a frame 12 so as to be vertically tiltable, and an intermediate lateral frame 12a is connected to the top mast 6 via an adjusting body 13.

Then, the groove dredging portion 2 is a boss 15 attached to the pillar 10.
A pair of left and right side plates 16 and 16 which are fixed to both sides of the groove and are not narrower than the width of the groove to be excavated by the grooving claw 5 and whose front ends are inclined rearward, and the side faces welded to the front ends of the side plates 16 and 16. A scooping plate 17 forming a scooping upper surface which is tilted rearward in an arc shape so that the rear part is gradually higher when viewed from the front, and is arranged in an upright shape in the form of a vertically elongated substantially strip-shaped member having a width corresponding to the groove width when viewed from the front, and the scooping plate. 17 upper end and the side plate
A pair of left and right vertical feed plates 18, 18 which are welded to the upper surface of the front part 16 and which are in the shape of a triangular hypotenuse in a plan view, a side view and a front view, and a resistance which is extended substantially rearward from the lower end of the column 10. In the tester, the width between the outer surfaces of the left and right side plates 16, 16 is 150 mm, the height is 120-150 mm, and the distance between the scooping plate 17 and the grooving claw 5 rotation locus is The resistance rod 19 is made to have a diameter of 10 mm, and the resistance rod 19 is projected downward from the side plate 16 by about 1/2 of the diameter as shown in FIG. 2 (b).

In addition, the soil cover portion 3 includes the upper surfaces of the side plates 16 and 16 and the relay plates 18 and 18.
A pair of left and right mounting plates that are welded to the rear surface of the upper end of the
It is composed of earth receiving plates 23, 23 that are vertically adjustable by screws 22 and 22 that are superposed on the rear surface of 20 and inserted from the long holes 21 and 21, and the mounting plate 20 is located outside the side plate 16. The lower edge is cut out 20a by the vertical adjustment width of the earth receiving plate 23, and the upper portion of the earth receiving plate 23 is gently curved toward the front, and the height is 400 m.
m, the distance between the lower part of the rear end of the pair of left and right earth receiving plates 23, 23 is 750 m
It was m.

Further, the space between the upper portions of the earth receiving plates 23, 23 on the center side of the machine width is covered by a rubber plate 26 attached to a rear cover 25, and the rear cover 25 is as shown in FIG. 1 (the right side is not shown).
The support rod 27 pivotally attached to it is fixed to the support 28 with the screw rod 29 so as to be fixed in the state of being pulled up, and the rear side cover 30 screwed to the front side cover is substantially parallel to the earth receiving plate 23. It is set by the connecting rod 31 so as to protrude outwardly.

In a non-tillage field that has been sowed and fertilized as described above, when the groove cutting cover device is pulled by an agricultural tractor while rotating the tilling shaft 4, the pair of grooved claws 5 ... The soil that has been crushed is thrown immediately and both sides rearward, and the scooping plate 17 of the groove dredging portion 2 penetrates into the part cultivated by the grooving claws 5 ... Scoop up using the bouncing action of …….

At that time, the grooving claws 5 ... are plunged slightly deeper (for example, 6 mm) than the lower surfaces of the scooping upper plate 17 and the side plate 16 to excavate the groove, and the resistance rod 1
9 slides along the bottom of the ploughed groove, and the scooping plate 17 has a vertically long strip shape with a width corresponding to the groove width, and the lower front end forms a horizontal straight line in plan view, and the front plate surface is flat. Since it is formed on the upper surface of the scoop that is not curved in a backward shape or bent in a mountain shape toward the left and right in the lateral direction from the center, the grooving claws 5 do not diffuse the soil in the groove in the lateral rear direction. Scooping will be carried out by utilizing the bouncing action of…, and the scooped soil will be immediately pushed up and deposited on both sides of the groove like a mountain-shaped scooping plate as shown in Fig. 10 (c). There is no groove, and the scooping plate 5 receives the flip-up action of the grooving claws 5 ...
Since it shifts further upward from the upper end (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 10 (a)), it is received by the mounting plates 20, 20 and the earth receiving plates 23, 23 immediately above the connecting plates 18, 18. The earth receiving plates 23, 23 cover the straw evenly by guiding the soil obliquely backward. In the case where the scooping plate 17 is not flat in structure and is as shown in FIG. 10 (c), the soil on both sides of the groove is compressed even if the soil receiving plate 23 is leveled. Since it becomes a state, it becomes difficult for water on the ridge to flow into the ditch when it rains and collects on the ridge,
It causes poor germination.

FIG. 4 shows the seeding state in a trendy manner. Seeds and fertilizer a located on the no-till surface (ridge section) between adjacent grooves.
The soil c is covered on the cut straw b covered with.

Example II This example relates to a method and apparatus for carrying out the stirring process in parallel with the grooving process by the grooving claws 5 ... and the soil covering process at substantially the same time, and is mounted on the tiller shaft 4 in FIGS. The flange 4a and the grooving claws 5 ... are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiment I, but the auxiliary shafts 4b and 4b are connected to the outer end of the tiller shaft 4, and the outer and middle portions of the flange 4a of the tiller shaft 4 are connected. Also, receiving pieces 32 ... are provided on the outer circumference of the auxiliary shaft 4b so that these receiving pieces 32
The stirring claw 33 is fixed to or rotatably attached by a lateral fulcrum pin, and the stirring claw 33 has a small diameter rotation to scrape the unevenness of the no-tillage field scene as shown in FIG. It has become a locus.

Therefore, in this example, the stirring process in Example I can be omitted, and after sowing and fertilizing are performed on the no-till field in which the straw b is sprinkled, the groove dredging part 2 and the soil covering part 3 are obtained.
When the rotary cultivator 1 equipped with is towed while being driven by an agricultural tractor, the grooving claws 5 having a large-diameter rotation locus plunge the portions to be grooves, and at the same time each stirring claw having a small-diameter rotation locus. Since 33 stirs the straw b together with the seeds and fertilizer while scraping off the part of the ridge formed between the ridges and the convex part of the approximately half width part of the ridge of the adjacent ridge, The top of the plant became flat and the seeds and fertilizer a that had been placed on the straw b as shown in FIG. 9 (a) were submerged under the straw b as shown in FIG. 9 (b). Part of it is mixed with the scraped soil, and the straw b covers the upper part.

Then, the groove dredging part 2 scoops up the soil of the groove by utilizing the flip-up action of the grooving claws 5 ...
The soil c that has been splayed to the side is covered flatly on the straw b.

FIG. 11 shows the soil cover width, which is the same in both Example I and Example II. When soil is covered along the ridge, as shown in FIG. 12, the rear side cover on the ridge side is shown. When 30 is tilted inward and set, the soil cover width is as shown.

Embodiment III As shown by the chain line in FIG. 1, a seeding device 35 and a fertilizer application device 36 are provided in front of the rotary tiller 1, or a fertilizer application device and a seeding device are provided in front of or behind the agricultural tractor. When the technique of Example II is applied, the order of the straw spreading process, the sowing process, the stirring process, and the work-grooving soil-covering process is the same, but the working procedure is the mowing threshing and straw shredding and sowing fertilization. It only needs to be done twice by stirring and covering soil.

This work form is also effective for sowing beans and the like to be cultivated in the following year. However, in this case, the straw spraying process may be omitted. In this sowing, Example II is advantageous in that soil can be surely covered.

In the case where wheat is sown immediately after harvesting paddy rice, if the seeding and fertilization are performed at the same time as the above-mentioned cutting and threshing work, an example
The seeding device 35 and fertilizer application device 36 in III can be omitted.

In each of the above-mentioned examples, since the seeding surface is covered with soil in spite of sowing on almost the entire surface of the no-tillage field except the narrow groove,
It is possible to prevent overgrowth of weeds and damage to birds, and to promote the corrosion of cut straw when sprayed, and to prevent overgrowth of the weeds to a higher degree.

Further, the earth receiving plate 23 is adjusted up and down when changing the depth of the groove, but when soil is added to wheat, the earth receiving plate 23 of Example I is moved upward and set. Is a resistance bar 19
Is raised with respect to the groove dredging portion 2 so as not to abut against the groove bottom surface, the groove dredging portion 2 is moved in the groove formed at the time of seeding, and the inside of the groove is further excavated by the grooving claws 5 ... On the other hand, the soil is scooped and sprung by the bounce-up action of the grooving claws 5 ... And the scooping action of the ditch dredging portion 2, and the soil receiving plate 23 disperses and moves it to the center of the ridge floor for soil filling.

Furthermore, since the width of the groove is set to about 150 mm, the crawler does not fall into the groove during harvesting with the combine, and there is no obstacle to running.

Furthermore, the groove width, its depth and ridge width are
Alternatively, it may be changed depending on the soil conditions.

The projection 19a protruding from the lower surface of the resistance rod 19 forms a crack in the center of the bottom surface of the groove, and when raining, the rainwater that has flowed into the groove permeates into the soil to promote drainage. At that time, when a culvert is provided in the soil, it is possible to improve the water permeability of rainwater that seeps into the culvert.

(G) Effect of the invention The present invention shreds straw in a mowing threshing process and sprays it on a field in a non-tillage state, sows seeds, and stirs the cut straws in this state to allow the seeds to sink. By excavating a groove at intervals and covering the excavated soil with the straw, even after rainfall, it is possible to sow in a timely and highly efficient manner without waiting until the field is completely dried, and, Although it is a no-till field, weeds can be prevented from growing early by covering it with soil that has been cut, and even if there is rainfall after sowing, rainwater will flow into the ditch from the no-till scene and germinate. It can be prevented from becoming defective.

In addition, when sowing after spraying straw on a non-tillage field, seeds sown on the straw can be submerged on the soil surface under the straw by stirring, and soil cover Corrosion can be promoted, and weeds and bird damage can be prevented more reliably.

Furthermore, the work process can be rationalized by simultaneously performing the agitation and the gutter covering soil.

In addition, a plurality of sets of grooving claws are attached to the horizontal rotation shaft supported by the frame at intervals corresponding to the width of the ridge, and immediately after the grooving claws forming the set, enter the cultivated part. A soil covering device comprising a ditch dredging portion for scooping the soil and a soil covering portion for guiding the soil scooped up by the ditch portion to the ridges in the non-tillage state on both sides and leveling and covering the soil In the sowing ditto-covering device, the grooving claws crush the plowed soil and throw it upwards when excavating a no-tillage field, and the dredging part scoops it up and guides it at the covering soil part between the grooves. Since the soil will be covered, the trench and the soil can be covered at the same time.

In addition, a vertical strip with a width equivalent to the groove width of the scooping plate guides the soil in the groove, which is subjected to the flip-up action of the grooving claws, to the upper direction and promotes the migration to the center side of the ridge floor. be able to.

Further, since the groove is excavated in the no-tillage field with the groove claws and is shaped by the groove dredging portion, the shaped groove is less likely to collapse and a good groove function can be maintained.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show an example of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view in which a part of a rotary tiller having a groove dredging portion and a soil covering portion is omitted, and FIG. 2 (a) is an excavation portion, a groove dredging portion and soil covering. A plan view of the portion, (b) is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the dredging portion and the soil covering portion, FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a seeding state, and FIGS. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a stirring process, a trench dredging process and a soil covering process, FIG. 6 (a) is a plan view of the same device, FIG. 6 (b) is a sectional view showing a soil covering state, and FIG.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the groove dredging portion and the soil covering portion, FIG.
Figure (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the state before stirring, (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after stirring, Figure 10 (a) is a side view of the scooping plate,
(B) is a front view of the same as above and a cross-sectional view showing the state of soil scooped up by the same, (c) is a front view of the target example and a cross-sectional view of a groove, and FIGS. 11 and 12 are planes showing the soil cover width. FIG. 13 (a) is a side view showing a working state, and FIG. 13 (b) is a rear view of the same. 1 ... Rotary tilling device, 2 ... Ditching part, 3 ... Soil cover part, 4 ... Tilling shaft, 5 ... Grooving claw, 16 ... Side plate, 17 ...
Hojo plate, 19 ... resistor rod, 20 ... mounting plate, 23 ... earth plate.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. Straws are chopped into cut straws in the cutting and threshing process,
After spraying the cut straw in a non-tillage field, seeds of the cultivated crop are sown on the cut straw, and in this state the seed and the seed are stirred to allow the seed to sink to the lower layer of the cut straw and cultivated. A sowing method characterized by excavating grooves at intervals corresponding to the width of a ridge of a crop, and covering the excavated soil with the straw. 2. The seeding method according to claim 1, wherein after the straw agitation step, trench excavation and soil covering are performed in a step different from the straw agitation step. 3. The seeding method according to claim 1, wherein the straw agitation step and the trench excavation covering step are performed substantially concurrently in parallel. 4. A horizontal rotation shaft supported by a frame,
Plural sets of grooving claws 5 are attached at intervals corresponding to the ridge width of the cultivated crop, and immediately after the grooving claws 5 forming the set are brought close to the rotation locus of the grooving claws 5, the grooving claws 5 are used. A groove-shaping grooved portion 2 having a vertically long strip-shaped upper surface 17 at the front part for guiding upwardly the cultivated soil that has entered the plowed groove portion and is subjected to the flip-up action of the grooving claws 5, A sowing device characterized by being provided with a soil covering device comprising a soil covering portion 3 for flying the soil scooped up by the ditch portion 2 onto the non-tilled ridges on both sides and covering the soil evenly. Grooving soil cover device. 5. An upper surface of the grooved dredging portion 2 is inclined so that its rear portion is higher in a side view, and is arranged in an upright shape in a substantially strip shape with a width corresponding to the groove width in a front view, and the side surface of the groove is substantially vertical. The groove cutting and covering device for seeding according to claim 4, which is configured so as to be. 6. A stirring means comprising a stirring claw having a small diameter rotation locus in a width portion corresponding to the width of a ridge of a cultivated crop on a rotary shaft, and a grooving claw having a large diameter rotation locus positioned on both sides of the stirring means. A groove cutting and covering device for seeding according to claim 4, further comprising: