RU2348131C1 - Tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tillage tool consists of a stilt with a vertical flat blade that has a front cutting edge with a duckfoot tooth attached to the stilt. The tooth consists of two ploughshares (the left-hand one and the right-hand one) the both having front cutting edges. The tillage tool design provides for its attachment onto the tillage implement carriage. The vertical flat blade is triangular shaped having an auxiliary bottom cutting edge. The angle between the front and the bottom cutting edges is equal to 30°-70°. The bottom cutting edge is positioned at a level of 5-15° to the horizon line. The vertical flat knife is designed to protrude relative to the duckfoot tooth bottom surface. The filing angle of any of the blade cutting edges must fall within the range of 15°-60°. According to the blade design solution it is the right-hand sides of the blade edges (as regarded in the tillage tool direction of travel) that are to be sharpened. The left-hand and the right-hand ploughshares are triangular shaped and attached to the stilt so that to form angles of 83-88° and 10°-25° relative to the vertical plane and the horizon line accordingly. The surface area of the ploughshare that is the left-hand one as regarded in the tool direction of travel is 1.2-1.5 times as large as that of the right-hand ploughshare. The tillage tool is equipped with a fairing element represented by a rod positioned over the vertical flat blade in front of the stilt.

EFFECT: enhanced fineness of tillage; stable maintenance of the preset tillage depth and rectilinearity of the tillage tool travel.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage tools, and can be used for loosening the soil.

Known working body of a tillage cultivator, including a flat-cutting paw with a hook-shaped stand. Flaps fixed in the form of a trapezoid and mounted at sharp angles with respect to the direction of movement and the vertical axis are fixed at the ends of the wings of the legs. At the same time, grooves are drilled on the flaps, on which hinges of flat disk knives are fixed (RF Patent for invention No. 2001541, IPC АВВ 35/26).

However, due to the hook-shaped form of the working body rack, as well as the presence of hinges of flat circular knives behind the paw, stems of plants and plant residues accumulate on the rack, which leads to soil scatter, increased traction resistance and the working body to deepen from the soil.

Known tillage working body, including the rack and mounted on it oblique ploskorezhny ploughshare. In this case, the stand is located in the middle of the share and is made with the toe extended forward relative to the share blade. (Copyright certificate No. 600977).

However, the design of this working body leads to the accumulation of plant stubble between the right part of the share and the toe of the rack, which causes an increase in traction resistance and a deepening of the working body from the soil.

Closest to the proposed solution is the working body of the tillage implement, including a stand mounted on the implement’s frame. A lancet paw is fixed to the rack. A flat vertical knife with a cutting edge having the shape of an arc of a circle is attached to the paw and stand (RF Patent No. 2181532).

However, this invention is characterized by insufficient depth of the working body in dry soil, which does not allow to process the arable layer qualitatively. In addition, the geometry of the knife and the location of the flat-cutting paws do not provide high-quality soil treatment (low quality of crumbling, the formation of deep furrows after soil treatment by this working body, etc.). The presence of a flat vertical knife in the form of an arc of a circle allows you to deepen the working body from the soil, and stems and plant residues accumulate on the protruding edge of the knife due to the fact that the stems do not slip along the cutting edge.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of tillage while reducing traction resistance of the working body.

The technical result is an increase in the degree of crumbling of the soil, ensuring the stability of a given depth of tillage and the rectilinear movement of the working body while reducing fuel consumption and increasing the productivity of tillage. In addition, the claimed technical solution provides improved gathering of stems and plant residues that accumulate on the rack of the working body in the process of soil cultivation.

The problem is solved in that in the working body of the tillage implement, including a stand with a vertical flat knife with a front cutting edge and a lancet foot connected to it, consisting of right and left shares, having front cutting edges, while the working body is made with the possibility of its fastening to the frame of the tillage implement, according to the decision, the vertical flat knife is made of a triangular shape and is equipped with an additional lower cutting edge. The angle between the front and bottom cutting edges is 30-70 °, the lower cutting edge is located at an angle to the horizon 5-15 °. A vertical flat knife is made protruding beyond the lower surface of the lancet paw, and the sharpening angle of all cutting edges is selected from an interval of 15-60 °. Sharpening of the cutting edges of the knife is made on the right side in the direction of movement of the working body. The left and right shares are triangular in shape and connected to the stand at an angle to the vertical plane of 83-88 ° and at an angle to the horizon of 10-25 °, while the surface area of the left share is larger than the area of the right one by 1.2-1.5 times. The working body is equipped with a fairing in the form of a rod located above a vertical flat knife on the front side of the rack.

The stand is a plate fixed between two cheeks by means of two bolts of different diameters. One of the bolts is made in the form of a safety shear bolt of a smaller diameter, located on the side of the rear end surface of the rack, and is equipped with an annular groove located between the cheeks. The bolt of larger diameter is located on the side of the front end surface of the rack and has a secret connection with the cheeks.

The working body can additionally be equipped with cultivators made in the form of two vertical elements fixed at the ends of the plowshares remote from the rack near their trailing edges. Rippers can be rods with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 rack thicknesses, or rectangular plates with a thickness of 0.5-1.2 rack thicknesses, while the front edge of the plate is made with a sharpening angle of 20 -60 °. The plate and cheeks are made in a trapezoidal shape.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows the inventive working body of a tillage implement, side view; figure 2 - working body, front view; figure 3 - working body, top view.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - rack;

2 - a vertical flat knife;

3 - the front cutting edge of the knife 2;

4 - lancet paw;

5 - the right share of the lancet paw 4;

6 - left ploughshare lancet paws 4;

7 - front cutting edges of plowshares 5, 6;

8 - the lower cutting edge of the knife 2;

9 - fairing;

10 - cheeks.

The working body consists of a rack 1, a vertical flat knife 2 connected to the rack, and a lancet paw 4, consisting of a right 5 and a left 6 share, having front cutting edges 7. The knife is made of a triangular shape with a front 3 and bottom 8 cutting edges and protrudes forward beyond the lancet paws 4. The angle between the cutting edges is 30-70 °, and the edge sharpening angle is selected from the interval of 15-60 °. Sharpening of the front and lower cutting edges of a vertical flat knife is made on the right side along the direction of movement of the working body. The lower cutting edge is located at an angle to the horizon 5-15 °. A vertical flat knife protrudes downward beyond the lower surface of the lancet paw 4 by an amount that provides a longitudinal direction of movement of the working body. The left and right shares are triangular in shape, in particular in the form of isosceles right-angled triangles, the hypotenuses of which are cutting edges having a certain sharpening angle, and are connected to the stand 1 at an angle to the vertical plane 83-88 ° and at an angle to the horizon 10-25 ° . The shares are attached to the strut so that the second legs form the trailing edge of the lancet paw. The sharpening angle of the front cutting edges of the shares is 15-60 °. The surface area of the left share in the direction of travel exceeds the area of the right by 1.2-1.5 times, which is achieved by exceeding the length of the left share over the length of the right. The working body is equipped with a fairing 9 in the form of a rod located above a vertical flat knife 2 from the front of the rack 1. The diameter of the fairing is equal to the thickness of the rack. The stand is a plate that is fixed between two cheeks 10 by means of two bolts of different diameters to protect the working body from damage. One of the bolts is made in the form of a safety shear bolt of a smaller diameter located on the side of the rear end surface of the rack and is equipped with an annular groove located between the cheeks. The bolt of larger diameter is located on the side of the front end surface of the rack and has a secret connection with the cheeks 10.

The working body is made of stainless steel, in particular 40X steel. The reverse sides of the sharpening of the cutting edges are surfaced with sormite to increase the wear resistance of the working body and create the effect of self-sharpening the cutting edges of the working body. A vertical flat knife, a ploughshare of a lancet paw and a fairing are attached to the rack with welds.

The working body works as follows.

When the working body moves, the earth layer is cut with a vertical flat knife 2 in the vertical direction. The ploughshare of the lancet paw interacts with the soil layer, previously partially crushed with a knife, cutting the roots of weeds and crushing the soil into smaller fractions in the horizontal plane. Due to the fact that initially the layer crumbles in the vertical plane, and then in the horizontal, the traction resistance of the tillage implement decreases and the degree of crumbling of the soil increases. The design features of the tillage implement, namely: a vertical flat knife extended forward with predetermined sharpening angles of the cutting edges and, at the same time, with an angle of inclination of the lower cutting edge to the horizon, as well as the geometry of the lancet paw, allow cutting the soil layer in a horizontal and vertical plane. The lower cutting edge of the knife facilitates the entry of the working body into the cultivated arable soil layer. Thus, the design of the working body can increase the degree of crumbling of the soil. The fairing contributes to the unimpeded descent of plant debris from the working body of the processed tool.

An example of a specific implementation.

A working body was made in which the vertical knife is made in the form of an isosceles right triangle with hypotenuse and lower leg in the form of cutting edges. The length of the leg is 150 mm. The width of all cutting edges is 20 mm and the sharpening angle is approximately 27 °. The lower cutting edge is at an angle to the horizon of 10 °. A vertical flat knife protrudes downward beyond the bottom surface of the lancet paw by 30 mm. Sharpening of the cutting edges of the vertical knife is made on the right side in the direction of movement of the working body. The lancet paw consists of left and right shares, made in the form of isosceles right triangles with legs 150 and 130 mm, respectively. The shares are connected to the stand at an angle to the vertical plane of 87 ° and at an angle to the horizon of 10 °.

The use of this working body for primary tillage with a hardness of 3.5-5 MPa provides high-quality loosening of the soil with stubble up to 75%. The size of soil fractions up to 50 mm is 85-93%.

Claims (6)

1. The working body of the tillage implement, including a stand with a vertical flat knife with a front cutting edge and a lancet paw connected to it, consisting of right and left plowshares having front cutting edges, while the working body is adapted to be attached to the frame of the tillage implement, characterized in that the vertical flat knife is made in a triangular shape and provided with an additional lower cutting edge, while the angle between the front and lower cutting edges is 30-70 °, the lower cutting edge ka is located at an angle to the horizon of 5-15 °, a vertical flat knife is made protruding beyond the lower surface of the lancet paw, and the sharpening angle of all cutting edges is selected from the range of 15-60 °, the sharpening of the cutting edges of the knife is made on the right side in the direction of travel body, left and right shares are made triangular in shape and are connected to the stand at an angle to the vertical plane of 83-88 ° and at an angle to the horizon of 10-25 °, while the surface area of the left share in the direction of travel exceeds the area of the right in 1.2-1 , 5 times, and working th organ is equipped with a fairing in the form of a rod located above a vertical flat knife on the front of the rack. 2. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack is a plate fixed between two cheeks by means of two bolts of different diameters, one of which is made in the form of a safety shear bolt of a smaller diameter, located on the side of the rear end surface of the rack, and is equipped with an annular groove located between the cheeks, and a bolt of a larger diameter is located on the side of the front end surface of the rack and has a secret connection with the cheeks. 3. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with rippers made in the form of two vertical elements mounted on the ends of the plowshares remote from the rack near their trailing edges. 4. The working body according to claim 3, characterized in that the rippers are rods, the diameter of which is 0.8-1.2 rack thickness. 5. The working body according to claim 3, characterized in that the rippers are plates of rectangular cross section, the thickness of which is 0.5-1.2 thickness of the rack, while the front edge of the plate is made with sharpening, the angle of which is 20-60 °. 6. The working body according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate and cheeks are made of trapezoidal shape.

Images