RU2415530C1 - Method for boardless plowing of sod mineral soils and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes boardless and further active tillage of soil. Tillage is carried out with alternation of passive and active zones. Width of tillage zones is established as not more than 30 cm with ratio of depth of passive tillage depth h to width of zones b and to feed at one cog of active tillage S, equal to h:b:S=0.7…1.0:1.0:1.0…1.4. Depth of active tillage is established as more than depth of the passive one by value of longitudinal ridge h_l of active tillage. Vegetation remains are removed from the middle of active and passive zones to the sides of their borders by 80…100 mm. Device comprises a frame, a power train, passive working elements and rotor arranged behind them with active working elements. Passive and active working elements are arranged in the form of chisel hoes and chisel teeth accordingly. Chisel hoes and teeth are arranged on frame in staggered order and are equipped with smoothly bent cylindrical bars with diametre equal to thickness of a chisel hoe. Ends of bars are distanced from planes of symmetry of working element stands by 80…100 mm.

EFFECT: technology and structural design will make it possible to improve quality of treatment of sod soils containing large quantity of vegetation remains.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to deep subsurface tillage.

A known method of subsurface plowing, which consists in loosening the arable horizon with passive chisel paws.

A device for implementing the known method. These are plows ПЧ-2,5 and ПЧ-4,5 [1] with chisel working bodies.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is accompanied by spraying of the upper soil layer (due to slipping tractor movers due to the high traction resistance of the machines) and the formation of increased clumpiness of the lower horizons due to the large distance along the working width between adjacent paws of the plows (45 cm).

There is a method of subsurface plowing by plows by loosening the soil with active chisel teeth, driven into rotation from the tractor PTO.

A known device for implementing this method is a Virec plow (company Eurodrain) [2] with active chisel type working bodies.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is that they have an increased energy intensity (due to the use of purely active working bodies and the appearance in the transmissions of tractors of circulating power due to the pushing reaction of the soil).

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed method is the selected as a prototype method [3], which consists in non-stock and subsequent active loosening of the soil. Loosening of the arable horizon is carried out by passive loosening paws with its subsequent cutting by active working bodies - milling knives.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected device as the prototype [3], including a frame, power transmission, passive working bodies and the rotor located behind them with active working bodies. Used rotary plow PR-2. Plane-cutting legs were used as passive working bodies, and knives were used as active ones.

The advantage of this method is that it allows you to eliminate the spraying of the upper soil layer and reduce the energy consumption of the process by reducing the traction resistance of the machine to almost zero, and therefore, stop slipping tractor movers.

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity and the formation of plowshares paws "plow soles", violating the water-air regime and reducing soil fertility.

In addition, the method cannot be applied for processing soddy soils due to soil unloading, due to clogging of the interlap space.

The technical task of the invention is to eliminate the "plow sole", improving the quality of crumbling soil and providing the ability to work on sod soils with high productivity.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of non-sowing plowing of soddy mineral soils, consisting in non-sowing and subsequent active loosening of the soil, according to the invention alternate passive and active loosening zones with a width of not more than 30 cm with a ratio of passive loosening depth h to the width of zones b and k feeding on one tooth active loosening S equal to h: b: S = 0.7 ... 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ... 1.4, the depth of active loosening is greater than the depth of the passive by the amount of longitudinal combing h _gr active loosening, and vegetable remains ki is withdrawn from the middle of the active and passive zones of their side borders 80 ... 100 mm.

The technical task is also achieved by the fact that in the device for non-plowing of plowed mineral soils containing a frame, power transmission, passive working bodies and a rotor located behind them with active working bodies, according to the invention, passive and active working bodies made in the form of chisel paws and chisel teeth, respectively, are placed on the frame in a checkerboard pattern and equipped with smoothly curved cylindrical rods with a diameter equal to the thickness of the chisel paw, the ends of which are removed from the planes symmetry of the chisel paw at 80 ... 100 mm.

Comparison of the claimed method with the prototype shows that the new method is that alternate passive and active loosening zones with a width of not more than 30 cm with a ratio of the depth of passive loosening h to the width of the zones b and to feed active loosening S per tooth equal to h: b : S = 0.7 ... 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ... 1.4, the depth of active loosening is greater than the depth of passive by the amount of longitudinal combing h _{gr of} active loosening, and plant residues are diverted from the middle of the active and passive zones to the sides their borders are 80 ... 100 mm.

The ratio is selected in the optimal range and provides the required crumbling of the soil at low energy intensity, the number of passive loosening zones is one more, but their depth is less by the amount of h _{g of} combing of the active zones, therefore, the traction resistance to tillage will be close to zero, which eliminates the spraying of the upper soil layer due to the lack of slipping, and the choice of chisel working bodies eliminates the “plow sole”.

The removal of plant residues from the middle of the zones towards their borders will allow using this method for processing soddy soils.

Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that the new device is that passive and active working bodies, made in the form of chisel paws and chisel teeth, respectively, are placed on the frame in a checkerboard pattern and equipped with smoothly curved cylindrical rods with a diameter equal to the thickness of the chisel paw , the ends of which are 80 ... 100 mm from the chisel paw symmetry planes.

Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

The claimed method can only be implemented in the proposed device, which indicates compliance with the principle of "unity of invention".

The invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", since a result can be achieved that satisfies the existing need, namely: eliminating the "plow sole", improving the quality of crumbling soils and providing the ability to work on soddy soils with high productivity.

The invention is also “industrially applicable”, as it can be used in agriculture with universal energy means UES-210/280 and UES-290/450.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: in Fig.1 schematically shows a section of the arable horizon after the passage of the device; figure 2 - structural and technological diagram of the device, top view; figure 3 is a structural and technological diagram of the device, side view; in Fig 4. - passive chisel paw, side view; figure 5 - passive chisel paw, front view; figure 6 - active chisel tooth of the rotor, side view; Fig.7 - active chisel tooth of the rotor, front view.

или 80…100 мм.The method of subsurface plowing of soddy mineral soils consists in the alternation of passive and active loosening zones with a width of not more than 30 cm with a ratio of the depth of passive loosening h to the width of zones b and to the supply of active loosening S for one tooth S equal to h: b: S = 0.7 ... 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ... 1.4, the depth of active loosening is greater than the depth of passive by the amount of longitudinal combing h _{gr of} active loosening, and plant residues are diverted from the middle of active and passive zones towards their borders by distance

or 80 ... 100 mm.

A device for non-moldboard plowing of soddy mineral soils contains a frame 1 with a linkage 2, support wheels 3, a central driveshaft 4, a bevel-helical gearbox 5, circular knives 6, passive chisel legs 7 with rods 8, an active two-section rotor 9 driven by the PTO shaft, active chisel teeth 10 with the most remote points on the radius R and the rods 11, the casing 12 of the rotor 9, the roller 13, pivotally mounted on the frame 1 of the frame 14 of the roller 12 and connected to the frame 1 using the pressure rod 15, chain couplings 16. Passive paws 7 and active teeth 10 - chisel type. The rods 8 and 11 are made smoothly curved cylindrical, their approximate design parameters for the diameter of the rotor 9 of a value of 1400 mm are shown in figure 4 ... 7. Passive chisel paws 7 and active teeth 10 (to avoid unloading the turf) are placed on the frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern. The torque from the PTO of the power tool to the rotor 9 is transmitted through the central driveshaft 4, the bevel gear 5 and the clutch 16. The axis of symmetry of the struts of the passive chisel paws 7 and active chisel teeth 10 are located at a distance not exceeding 30 cm, which ensures that the tooth is fed to the active tooth 10 S = 30 ... 42 cm required soil crumbling during plowing. With a plowing depth of 22 ... 30 cm, the ratio h: b: S = 22 ... 30: 30: 30 ... 42 = 0.7 ... 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ... 1.4.

When placing the passive paws 7 along the edges of the device, the number of passive loosening zones will be one more than the active ones, however, the depth of processing of the active teeth 10 is chosen to be greater than h _gr ≤5 cm due to the longitudinal crest of the furrow bottom in their tracks, where h _gr - depth of longitudinal combing. In this regard, the total traction resistance of the device will be close to zero, which will eliminate the slipping of the propulsion devices of the energy facility, and consequently, the violation of the structure of the upper soil layer.

Rotor tillage depth h _p = h _p + h _gr = h + h _gr ,

where h _p - the depth of the soil passive chisel paws;

h _gr - the height of the scallops at the bottom of the furrow in the zone of active cultivation;

h is the depth of continuous loosening of the active chisel teeth.

The zones of active and passive loosening of the soil by passive chisel paws and active chisel teeth with a width of 4 cm bits should not exceed 30 cm (15 cm on both sides of the axis of symmetry of the bits), and the height of the scallops and the content of fractions of soil less than 5 cm in the arable layer when the selected ratio h: b: S = 0.7 ... 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ... 1.4 is respectively not more than 5 cm and not less than 50%, which meets the requirements for plowing crumbling. In this regard, the depth of soil cultivation by the rotor is 5 cm greater than the depth of the passive chisel paws.

The installation on the racks of passive 7 and active 10 chisel working bodies of rods 8 and 10, smoothly bent under a large, not less than 100 mm, radius, with a diameter equal to the thickness of the chisel paws, will allow plant residues that linger on the side of the border of passive and active loosening racks of working bodies.

This will make it possible to apply the proposed method and device for processing not only sod, but also old arable soils with a large number of plant debris during plowless plowing for repeated sowing and winter plowing (in this case, the top layer is not compacted and leveled and the roller is removed from the device).

The device operates as follows.

Disks 6 cut the sod layer in front of the uprights of the passive chisel paws 7. The paws 7 and the teeth 10 located in the intervals between them along the working width 10 loosen the soil, creating passive and active loosening zones with a width of b≤30 cm, taking plant residues away from the zone boundaries using rods 8 and 11. Waves of soil deformation from the impact of paws 7 and teeth 10 go towards each other, which enhances the effect of crumbling. The soil cleaves along the surfaces of weak bonds, the bottom of the combined type furrow does not have a “plow sole” and passes water and air well into the arable and subsurface horizons and will not impede the growth of the roots of sown plants.

The soil discarded by the teeth 10 of the rotor 9 hits the casing 12 and, sliding along its broken surface, moves towards the boundaries of the zones and falls down, sprinkling plant residues on the surface. The casing 12 with its rear wall pre-aligns the upper layer, and the rear roller 13, which has a power connection with the frame, seals it, finally leveling.

The soil deepening reaction acts on the passive paws 7 of the device, and on the active teeth 10 it is ejected. The total vertical reaction of the soil is deepening, since the paws 7 are one more than the teeth 10 and close to zero, which ensures stable operation of the device in depth with a low load on the support wheels 3.

The implementation of the invention will allow for the plow-free plowing of old-arable soils that are soddy and containing large amounts of plant residues when they are cultivated or prepared for re-sowing forage crops. The energy intensity of plowing compared with the prototype will decrease at least 1.5 times.

Information sources

1. Agricultural machinery. Catalog, part 1, M .: 1991.

2. Charrue rotative Vires. Prospectus of the company Eurodrais.

3. Rotary plow PR-2 (VISKHOM) in the book: Theory and calculation of tillage machines. Authors G.N.Sineokov, I.M. Panov). M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1977, p.268.

Claims (2)

1. The method of subsurface plowing of soddy mineral soils, consisting in subsurface and subsequent active loosening of the soil, characterized in that the alternation of passive and active loosening zones of a width of not more than 30 cm with a ratio of the depth of passive loosening h to the width of zones b and to the feed per tooth active loosening S equal to h: b: S = 0.7 ÷ 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 ÷ 1.4, the depth of active loosening is greater than the depth of passive by the amount of longitudinal _combing h _{gp of} active loosening, and plant residues are removed from the middle of the active and passive zones to the sides s of their borders are 80 ÷ 100 mm. 2. A device for subsurface plowing of soddy mineral soils containing a frame, power transmission, passive working bodies and a rotor located behind them with active working bodies, characterized in that passive and active working bodies made in the form of chisel paws and chisel teeth, respectively, are placed on the frame is staggered and equipped with smoothly curved cylindrical rods with a diameter equal to the thickness of the chisel paws, the ends of which are 80 ÷ 100 mm away from the plane of symmetry of the chisel paws.

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