RU2126617C1 - Method for cultivating vegetables on turfed ridges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting ridges in autumn upon harvesting of cereals by means of special machines; applying organic-mineral mixture onto ridge tops and covering them with soil layer; in spring, sowing perennial grasses on ridge top and slopes, as well as on furrow bottom, with low herbage ridges ready by second-year wintering; during second-year wintering, preparing turfed ridges soil for planting of vegetable crops by rotavation to 20 cm depth for providing strip of 40-55 cm width, with perennial grasses on ridge being closed in soil; planting seedlings of vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, in ridges in staggered arrangement; grinding grass plant mass and throwing it over or leaving at vegetable plant roots; providing additional mowing of grass on ridge slopes depending on weather conditions and using cut grass mass as green fertilizer; performing slitting of furrow bottom to 55-62 cm depth in autumn to provide slits of 8-10 cm width; during third year, repeating mentioned sequence of second-year vegetable cultivation operations; replowing ridges in autumn and forming ridge bed having plowed-in perennial grass layer at the place of furrows, with furrow bottom being formed at the place of ridge bed. Method allows labor consumption to be reduced by 32-41%. EFFECT: increased soil fertility, reduced power consumption and increased tomato yield. 3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The alleged invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivation of vegetable crops on soddy ridges.

 The closest known methods of cultivating vegetable crops on soddy ridges using organic and mineral approvals is the method described in the "Ridge-ridge technology for cultivating crops in the Far East", ed. Academician G.T.Kazmina, Khabarovsk Prince Publishing House, 1979

 The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the ridges for vegetable crops are cut in the fall after the rise of the fallow from under the crops. In the spring, ridges formed in the fall are partially restored using special machines. During this period, the ridge canvas loosens to a depth of 5-8 cm with the simultaneous destruction of weed seedlings, and the slopes of the ridges and the bottom of the furrow are set up. After this, either mineral or organic fertilizers are applied, followed by the planting of vegetable crops (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.). During the growing season, weeds are controlled, as a rule, with the use of 5-6 inter-row treatments, both with the introduction of herbicides and without them.

 The main disadvantages of this method is that it requires a large number of inter-row treatments, and under these conditions, naturally increase energy and labor costs. The disadvantages also include the mineralization of humus soil.

 The aim of the present invention is to reduce the complexity and energy intensity of the process of cultivating vegetables and increasing soil fertility.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that autumn cutting of ridges is carried out after harvesting grain with special machines, after which an organic-mineral mixture is added to the top of the bed and covered with its soil layer. In spring, when the soil of the ridges is ready for sowing (planting) on the ridge sheet, slopes and the bottom of the furrow, sowing of perennial grasses is carried out. In the winter of the 2nd year the ridges leave with a low grass stand (Fig. 1, 2). In the spring of the 2nd year, the soddy bed of the ridge is prepared for planting vegetable crops, namely, milling is carried out to a depth of 20 cm and with a width of the formed strip of 40-55 cm (Fig. 3). At the same time, perennial grasses located on the ridge sheet are embedded in the soil. In thus prepared ridges, seedlings of vegetable crops, for example tomatoes, are planted with their arrangement in the ridges in a checkerboard pattern (figure 4).

 Inter-row treatments with this method are excluded, and during the growing season, only 3 mowing of perennial grasses on the slopes is carried out. Mowed grass has a low stubble (5-7 cm), like a well-groomed lawn. The plant mass of grass is crushed and scattered or left at the root system of plants (vegetables), namely, at the border of the end of the bed of ridges and the beginning of slopes (Fig. 5) with a layer thickness in this place of up to 10 cm. This technique also helps to reduce the clogging of vegetable crops. such as tomatoes. In a relatively clean state, planting remains until the vegetables are harvested, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, additional grass mowing can be carried out on the slopes of ridges to green fertilizers. After performing this technique, autumn snapping of the bottom of the furrows to a depth of 55-62 cm with a slit width of 8-10 cm is performed in the same period (Fig. 6).

 For the 3rd year of operation of the ridges, starting in spring, the list of operations of the 2nd year of cultivating vegetables is repeated, and then in the autumn the used ridges are plowed so that in place of the furrows seasoned with an organic-mineral mixture, a bed of ridges is formed, which also contains the smelted layer of perennial grasses also serves to increase soil fertility, and a furrow bottom is formed at the site of the bed sheet (Fig. 7).

 The results of the verification of the method of growing vegetables on soddy ridges, carried out on the experimental fields of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, showed that this method improves soil fertility, reduces labor costs when cultivating tomatoes by 32-41% and energy costs by 12-21%. The yield of tomatoes with this method was 310 kg / ha and was 28.7% higher than when cultivated according to the traditional method.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of cultivating vegetables on soddy ridges, including cultivating the soil, followed by planting seedlings of vegetable crops on dense ridges, characterized in that the planting of vegetable crops on spring ridges prepared for the fall, loosening and restoring the parameters of the ridges is carried out in the spring of the second year, in the spring of the first year, perennial grasses are sown and mowed during the growing season using plant mass as an organic fertilizer or animal feed, in winter of the second year, ridges are left under snow with a minimum stubble of 5-7 cm, and in the second year, vegetable seedlings are planted on a ridged bed of ridges with a strip width of 40 - 55 cm and a depth of 20 cm, and planting is carried out by mowing perennials grass on the slopes of ridges either with removal of plant mass from the field, or with partial scattering on the border of the ridge and slope with an even layer up to 10 cm thick and up to 15 cm wide, and the third year of use of ridges under vegetable crops is identical to the second ode and autumn soil treatment after the third year of use odernovannyh ridges produce with plowing of perennial grasses and the formation of new ridges.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second year of use of the ridges under vegetable crops and the third year of use as such, they are plowed up, laying at the same time at the bottom of the furrows of these ridges an organic-mineral mixture covered by a plowed layer of perennial herbs, leaving the root system of herbs above, and in place of old furrows form ridges.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second year of use of the ridges, the crops of perennial grasses are snapped after harvesting vegetable crops along furrows to a depth of 62 cm and a slit width of 8-10 cm.

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