RU2160523C1 - Machine for planting licorice root, white head and rootstock cuttings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: machine has frame, automatic hitch bracket, carrier wheels, tines with shares, and planting units. Each tine is made flat and provided with chisel fixed on its lower part and knife on its front part. Curvilinear-concave cutting edge of knife is made in the form of parabola with center of its branch positioned below midportion of tine. Share formed as ring with cutting edge is mounted on lower rear part of tine. Planting unit formed as hollow boom is mounted on rear cut of tine and is communicated with share cavity. Apparatus may be used for creating long-term licorice plantations, as well as for providing raw material base in pharmaceutic industry, and for creating phytoameliorant on agricultural degraded soils. EFFECT: increased efficiency and wider operational capabilities of machine. 10 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for planting cuttings of Karabash licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Ural licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Licorice G. G. Korzhinsky Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi G. Grig. to create licorice culture plantations on fields removed from crop rotation, agricultural land and saline irrigated soils.

 Known transplanter manufactured by agricultural machinery under the brand SKN-6A, containing a frame, hinge brackets, coulters, planting discs, grips, drive wheels, front and rear seats, awning, boxes with seedlings, press rollers, irrigation pipe, drive chains , drain pipe, racks, water tank (see A.N. Karpenko and V.M.Khalansky. Agricultural machines. - 5th ed., revised and additional - M.: Kolos, 1983, - 495 s. ., ill. - (Textbooks and study guides for higher agricultural schools). - P. 158-160. Fig. VI.7.).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known machine include the insufficient depth of the cuttings of licorice Karabash cuttings.

 The aforementioned SKN-6A machine is intended for ordinary planting of non-potted and potted seedlings of vegetables, etheronos, tobacco, strawberries, cuttings and wild game of fruit and berry crops seedlings in length from the root neck to the ends of elongated leaves 100 ... 300 mm with root length 30 ... 120 mm. Thus, when planting licorice karabash cuttings, the latter can be embedded in the soil only to a depth of 12 cm instead of the required 24.5 ... 25.0 cm for soils with a high occurrence of groundwater, and at low to a depth of 30 cm or more.

There is also known a machine for planting root crops, containing a frame, a hopper with a feed conveyor and storage trays, packer rollers, cultivators, earthing machines and planting devices with chargers made in the form of a horizontal disk with vertical cones and mounted with offset landing wheels, between which planting cones are installed on the axles and curly leads, in which, in order to increase labor productivity by providing oriented charging of the planting cones with root crops, the center of the disk of the charger is equipped with receiving trays made in the form of inclined cylindrical surfaces (see SU, copyright certificate, N 1058532. Mcl. ³ A 01 C 11/00. Machine for planting root crops // V. N. Butenko, V M.Koshelenko, A.M. Medvedev et al. Declared July 30, 1982, published December 7, 1983).

 A disadvantage of the known machine is its great traction resistance and inability to plant licorice Karabash cuttings.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved effect is a forest planter, including racks with openers, planting machines, earthing machines and rolling rollers, in which, with the aim of separating fragments of wood pressed into the soil and preventing damage to planting machines and rollers, each opener is equipped with two symmetrically arranged plowshares with vertical knives fixed on their working surface in parallel, behind which zagotochki are installed, and a separator of wood fragments made in ide wedge attached to the rack with two blades having horizontal plates located above the plowshares (see SU, copyright certificate, N 510188. Mcl. ³ A 01 C 11/04, A 01 B 49/04. Forest Sazhalka / / A.V. Sokolov, K.K. Pazaitov. Declared January 30, 1974, published April 15, 1976).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using a known machine adopted for the closest analogue include insufficiently wide functionality.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The task to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at expanding the functionality of a machine for planting root cuttings, Karabash and licorice rhizomes.

 The technical result is an increase in productivity, ensuring a high degree of reproduction of licorice on the plantations of licorice, Ural licorice and licorice G.G. Korzhinsky as a phytomeliorant on destabilized and unstructured soil massifs and the creation of a raw material base for the pharmaceutical industry.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known machine for planting root cuttings, Karabash and licorice rhizomes, including a frame with an automatic coupling bracket, support wheels, racks with coulters and planting devices, equipped with a bit on the bottom of each of the racks is made flat with a knife on the front, the curved-concave cutting edge of which has the shape of a parabola with the center of its branch below the middle of the rack, the coulter in the form of a ring with a cutting edge mounted on the lower back parts of the rack, and the landing gear in the form of a hollow rod is mounted on the rear edge of the rack and communicated with the opener cavity; the knife sharpening angle in the upper and lower parts of the parabola decreases to the center of its branch; the value of the angle of sharpening the knife is reduced from 30 ^o to 15 ^o ; the cutting edge of the opener is formed by sharpening the front of the inner cavity of the ring at an angle of 18-21 ^o to the outer surface forming it; the cutting edge of the coulter has the shape of a ring; the cutting edge of the coulter has a complex closed line; the bottom edge of the landing gear rod is aligned with the rear edge of the rack; the upper part of the hollow rod is equipped with a guide for cuttings of Karabash; the cross section of the rod is made with a variable section, decreasing towards the opener.

 Due to the fact that each of the racks is made flat, the opener is in the form of a ring, and the landing gear is in the form of a hollow rod, the above technical result is achieved.

 An analysis of the prior art by the Applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed us to establish that the Applicants did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under the current legislation.

 To verify compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the Applicants conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, since from the prior art determined by the Applicants, the influence of the essential features of the claimed invention is not revealed I am transforming to achieve a technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a machine for planting cuttings of roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes, left view.

 In FIG. 2 - same, plan view.

 In FIG. 3 shows the stand, coulter and landing machine of the machine in a perspective view.

 In FIG. 4 - same, left view.

 In FIG. 5 is the same front view.

 In FIG. 6 - same, plan view.

 In FIG. 7 is a section AA in FIG. 4, horizontal section of the stand and opener.

 In FIG. 8 is a section BB in FIG. 5, a longitudinal section through the strut, coulter and landing gear.

 In FIG. 9 is a section BB in FIG. 1, a horizontal diametrical section, a coulter in the form of a hollow truncated cylinder with a cutting edge in the form of an ellipse.

 In FIG. 10 is a section BB in FIG. 1, an annular cutting edge of the opener on the front of the hollow cylinder, an embodiment.

 In FIG. 11 is a cross-section BB in FIG. 1, an opener circular knife in the form of a hollow cylinder with complex curved cutting edges on the horizontal part.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

 A machine for planting cuttings of roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes contains a frame 1, an automatic coupling bracket 2, support wheels 3 and 4, struts 5 with openers 6 and planting devices 7 (see Fig. 1 and 2).

 Frame 1 is hollow from a beam with a section of 150x150x8 mm and a length of 3000 ± 5 mm. The ends of the beam are closed with caps made of sheet steel, Steel 3, 5 mm thick. On the vertical front shelf of the beam of the frame 1, the bracket 2 of the automatic coupler is mounted with welds for aggregation with tracked or wheeled tractors of draft class 30-40 kN. The counterpart of the bracket 2 by means of detachable fingers is connected to the rods of the tractor hydraulic system. The layout of the front ends of the rods is “three-point”. The movement of the rear ends of the rods from the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the unit should not exceed more than ± 10 mm. The interface between the bracket 2 and the frame 1 is reinforced with scarves of the required configuration. With a shift of ± 700 mm from the middle of the beam of the frame 1 left and right, the left support wheel 3 and the right support wheel 4. are placed. Each wheel has a rigid metal rim with a sphere diameter of 600 ± 5 mm and a spherical layer width of 200 ± 10 mm. The wheel rims 3 and 4 are equipped with discs, hubs, deep groove ball bearings, oil seals, covers and axles 8. Each of the axles 8 is mounted in the fork 9. The upper ends of the fork 9 span the contour of the hollow beam of the frame 1 and are connected with welds.

 With offset from the middle of the frame 1 and mutually spaced brackets 10 for installing racks 5. Each of the brackets 10 have a ⊃-shaped pharynx. Using the throat, the brackets 10 cover part of the surface of the beam of the frame 1 and are connected to it by open welds with a leg of at least 7 ± 1 mm. Each of the brackets 10 with an offset back from the ⊃-shaped pharynx has holes with a diameter of 30 + 0.8 mm for installing mounting bolts M 30x100. The pitch between the centers of the holes is 250 ± 0.5 mm.

Racks 5 are mounted on brackets 10 with bolts M 30x100, flat washers 30, spring washers 30 65G and nuts M30. Each stand 5 (see Fig. 1-8) is made flat with a knife 11 on the front, the curved-concave cutting edge 12 of which has the shape of a parabola with the center of its branch below the middle of the stand 5. Each stand 5 is equipped with a bit 13 on the bottom. The angle of sharpening of the knife 11 in the upper and lower parts of the parabola decreases to the center of its branch. The value of the angle of sharpening of the knife 11 is reduced from 30 ^o to 15 ^o . The upper mounting part of the rack 5 is equipped with a pair of cylindrical holes with a diameter of 30 + 0.8 mm with a center distance of 250 ± 0.5 mm. Stand 5 is made of carbon steel sheet steel 65G, thickness 14-16 mm. The front of the post 5 is exposed to the bulk hardening to the hardness of the upper layer is not lower than 45 ... 50 HRC _e.

The bit 13 is made of high-carbon steel U8A and has the shape of a truncated irregular pyramid. One of the faces of the pyramid is the blade 14 of the bit 13 with a cutting edge 15. The blade 14 has a sharpening angle in the range of 21 ... 25 ^o . The thickness of the bit is 13-16 mm. Bit width 13 - 100 ± 5 mm. The bit 13 with the lower part of the rack 5 is connected by welds made according to the corresponding technology. The surfaces of the knife 11 and the blade 14 are additionally sprayed with a wear-resistant powder coating with a thickness of 0.5 ... 0.8 mm.

The opener 6 (see Fig. 1-11) in the form of a ring with a cutting edge 16 is installed on the lower rear of the rack 5. The cutting edge 16 is formed by sharpening the front of the inner strip of the ring at an angle of 18-21 ^o to the outer surface forming it. A U-shaped groove is made on the surface of the ring with a width equal to the thickness of the strut 5. The opener 6 with the strut 5 is paired with a U-shaped groove of the ring and is connected to the opener 6 by welds laid on the outer surface of the strut 5. The opener 6 on the strut 5 is placed in such a way so that the cutting edge 16 is offset back relative to the rear edge 17 of the rack 5 (see Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 8). The lower edge of the opener 6 is placed in a plane aligned with the lower base of the truncated pyramid of the bit 13 (see Fig. 8). The rear cut 18 of the coulter ring 6 is oblique.

The angle α of inclination of the plane of the slice 18 to the horizon is made within 60 ^o ± 5 ^o . The angle β of the inclination of the bit 13 to the horizon does not exceed 9-13 ^o .

 Taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and vegetation cover, the cutting edge 16 on the front of the opener 6 has the shape of either an ellipse (see Fig. 9), or the shape of a ring (see Fig. 10), or other complex closed lines (Fig. 11 ) The rear sections 18 of the coulter rings 6 shown in FIG. 9-11, are made in planes perpendicular to the geometric axes of symmetry of the rings. The inner diameter of the rings is made in the range of 120-150 mm.

 Each landing device 7 in the form of a hollow rod is mounted on the rear edge 17 of the rack 5 and communicated with the cavity of the opener 6. The lower edge 19 of the rod of the apparatus 7 is combined with the rear edge 17 of the rack 5 (see Fig. 8). The upper part of the hollow rod of the apparatus 7 is equipped with a guide 20 cuttings. The cross section of the rod is made with an equal section (see Figs. 1.4 and 8) or with a variable section decreasing towards the opener 6 (see Fig. 3).

 Between the two extreme openers 6 racks 5 on the frame 1 are mounted brackets 21 for installing trays 22. In the cavity of the brackets 21 there are brackets 23 for installing chairs 24 with footboards 25 for planting operators. The machine is equipped with a removable awning.

 Machine for planting roots, Karabash and rhizomes of licorice works as follows.

 An aggregated tractor with an attached mating part on the rods of the hydraulic system is fed backward to the bracket 2 of the automatic coupling of the frame 1. After locking the elements of the automatic coupling, the frame 1 is transferred to the transport position. The machine operator and two operators - planters check the technical condition of the cutting edges 12, 15 and 16, respectively, of the blade 11 of the rack 5, the blade 14 of the bit 13 and the blade of the coulter ring 6. Each of the operators checks the cavity of the rods of the planting apparatus 7. Next, each of them according to their sizes and prepares the position of the chair 24 and the footboards 25 from the conditions of service. The machine operator moves the machine in the transport position to the site for planting the roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes. On the flap for technological adjustment of the machine, the last one in the working position at the working speed is moved by the tractor along the field surface to a distance of 20-25 m. When stopping without excavation, plumb check the position of the bracket 2. When the bracket 2 is tilted forward, the central upper link of the tractor’s hinged system is lengthened, and when tilted back - shorten with a screw coupling nut.

 In a given direction on the field without preliminary preparation, the planting of cuttings of roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes begins. On the frame 1, the brackets 10 are arranged so that the racks 5 were installed with a mutual offset of 700 ± 5 mm. This provides a wide-row planting of cuttings with aisles of 70 cm. The procedure for preparing the cuttings of the roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes will be described below.

 Cuttings are placed on trays 21 with orientation in the direction of movement of the unit. The technological process of planting licorice cuttings is carried out in the following sequence.

 In the working position of the machine (see Figs. 1 and 2), bit 13 at a depth of 35-40 cm from the field surface loosens the soil, usually below the plow sole by 10-15 cm on old arable tracts of irrigated soils removed from crop rotation or from due to salinization, or due to a decrease in the fertility of the soil itself due to its destructuring.

The cutting edge 12 of the dihedral knife 11 of the rack 5 cuts vertically arable layer and arable horizon. In this case, regardless of the period and time of the year, plant and root residues in the early spring or late autumn periods, along with mortmass, are cut with a knife on the field surface 11. The hanging roots and parts of the stems, due to the cutting edge 12 being made along the parabola branches, slide down in the direction of the opener 6, t .e. in the zone of the rack 5, where the angle of sharpening of the knife does not exceed 15 ^o . By reducing the thickness of the cutting edge of the knife 11 and increasing the density of soil and soil, the roots and overhanging stems are cut into pieces. Plant and root residues reinforce the walls of the made gap. At the same time, in the lower part of the slot, the annular cutting edge 16 of the opener 6 cuts off the soil and soil layer from the side walls of the slot, directs it into the opener cavity, compresses it and places this mass in the form of a soil cylindrical tourniquet in the cavity of the drain. When feeding the cuttings from trays 22, each of the operators - planters feeds them into the guide 20. Under its own weight, the cuttings are lowered into the cavity of the rod of the planting apparatus 7. Upon reaching the lower edge 19 of the rod of the apparatus 7 with a soil tourniquet, the lower end of the stem 6 of the root, Karabash or licorice root carried away in the cavity of the drain. When licorice root enters the opener cavity 6, the latter is enveloped by a stream of soil mass and, together with the tourniquet, is laid on the surface of the drain. At the operating speed of the unit 0.50-0.75 m / s, the worker feeds one or two cuttings. This allows for a row spacing of 0.7 m to provide a step of planting cuttings of 0.25-0.40 m. Due to the implementation of the rack 5, flat of sheet material, the width of the slit on the field surface does not exceed 2 cm. This eliminates the drying out of the soil and preserving the quality of licorice cuttings for vegetative propagation.

With increasing soil temperature in the root layer to +15 ... + 20 ^o C from the axillary buds in licorice cuttings vegetative shoots and root formation are formed. The latter rush down. Soil and soil loosened by chisel 13 also contribute to this. When rooting cuttings in the first and second years of growth of licorice plants, their horizontal roots have a predominant orientation along the drains. In subsequent years (the third and fourth years of the plant life cycle), root systems spread laterally and create continuous thickets. Each licorice plant represents a natural chemical laboratory; those nutrients that it needs to grow are selectively selected from saline layers, and at the same time, due to transpiration, the level of groundwater decreases. The aerial parts of licorice drown out malicious weeds, including common fruit tree, while creating a multi-tiered network of vegetation.

 Upon reaching six - seven years of age, the roots and rhizomes of licorice acquire raw value. The content of glycyrrhizic acid in raw form in rhizomes reaches more than 7%. This array produces either strip or continuous extraction of licorice.

 Let us consider in more detail the aftereffect of licorice culture when planting cuttings of various lengths and taking into account the age of planting material. The latter is established by sections of roots, Karabash and rhizomes.

 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza L.) - a plant known to man from ancient times. Licorice is a raw material derived from the roots of the species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Licorice is a perennial rhizome of the Leguminosae family. Elevated licorice shoots are annual. They develop from the axillary buds of the cotyledonary node of the main root, as well as from the axillary buds of horizontal and vertical rhizomes. Licorice produces both vegetative and generative shoots. On the generative shoots of licorice in the leaf axils during the growing season, buds are laid. From the upper, in position on the stem, kidneys, axillary racemose inflorescences are formed. The remaining axillary buds partially develop into lateral branches (vegetative or generative), others remain dormant and start growing only if the lateral branches are damaged. The axillary racemose inflorescence is a long brush, where the flowers are located on short pedicels with bracts. On inflorescences, 2 to 90 flowers can develop. The size of the inflorescences reaches 30 cm. They can be shorter, equal or longer than the leaf in the bosom of which they developed. Inflorescences are located both on the main stem and on the side branches, which developed in the axils of the lower leaves of the main stem. In this regard, simple generative stems are distinguished, in which inflorescences develop only on the main shoots, and complex generative stems, in which inflorescences are located both on the main shoots and on the side branches.

 The underground organs of licorice are characterized by plasticity and its wide ecological amplitude. Licorice is able to form both rhizomes and root offspring. Licorice is a typical deep-rhizome plant that does not form either buds or shoots on the roots. The system of underground organs of licorice living in floodplain conditions reaches enormous size. Under favorable conditions, one mother plant, growing, forms a deep (up to 1 m) multi-tiered (2-3 or more tiers) system of vertical and horizontal rhizomes. From buds located on horizontal rhizomes, there is an intensive growth of new aerial shoots (partial bushes) and subordinate roots, which, after the death of the mother plant, perform its function. The licorice rhizomes are naked from the roots in appearance. The first have clearly visible axillary buds, located in a spiral at a distance of 3-8 cm, and in the cross section they find a clearly defined core, which is absent at the roots. The rhizome bark has a longitudinal "strip" in contrast to the transverse "strip" of the root bark.

 Licorice is propagated vegetatively (cuttings of the roots, Karabash and rhizomes) and seeds. Licorice has a high ability to regenerate its vegetative organs, i.e. she and her roots have the opportunity for independent growth and development in an isolated state from the mother plant. During vegetative propagation in plantings, segments of horizontal and vertical rhizomes, root segments and stem cuttings can be used.

 For vegetative propagation, licorice can be prepared, first of all, horizontal rhizomes and main roots with a root neck, as well as vertical rhizomes ("Karabash") 20-25 cm long. Horizontal rhizomes of licorice are the main reproductive organ, with the help of which, growing and developing, the plant forms first an ordinary planting, and later on - continuous thickets in the area being developed or in the soil-reclamation massif.

 After planting licorice cuttings, the development of its underground organs goes through several stages. They take into account not only the operational suitability for industrial production, but also when harvesting planting material. There are five such stages. The first stage characterizes plants from seedlings to one year old. Plants aged 11-15 years and older are at the final stage of their lives. The most vigorous processes of plant growth and development are noted at the third stage of life, when they reach 4-6 years of age and are distinguished by the most intensive growth of rhizomes and their stellate distribution. Plants, intensively developing, form many partial shoots. At this time, the rhizomes are quite suitable for harvesting planting material.

 Segments of rhizomes at the age of one year, planted to a depth of 0.10 m, grow back in 18-20 days and are characterized by poor development. The survival rate of these plants is not more than 5%. The slightest drying of the soil leads to their death. The formation of new rhizomes is not observed in such plants. The aboveground shoot reaches a height of 0.20-0.25 m. Segments of two- and three-year-old rhizomes root better. Overhead shoots grow back in 8-10 days. Plant survival reaches 35-60%. The maximum of rooted segments is observed in four-, five-year-old rhizomes - 85-95%. Overhead shoots grow back no later than 7-10 days. Usually, one, two aboveground shoots and one (less often two) subordinate root grow from the planted rhizome. By the end of the first year of vegetation, the aerial stem reaches a height of 70-80 cm. The adventitious roots penetrate to a depth of 60-65 cm. By the middle of summer, the growth of the second aerial shoot is often observed, which can develop from the axillary bud of the basal part of a previously overgrown stem. Most often, the overhead shoot develops from the first extreme kidney of the rhizome segment along the growth, and the kidney, located at the opposite end of the segment, forms the subordinate root. In this case, the planted rhizome is preserved. If the subordinate root is formed from the lower part of the bud, from which the aerial shoot has developed, then by the end of the growing season, the planted rhizome dies and the new plant continues to develop independently. There is also the fact that a horizontal rhizome develops from the first kidney of the segment (in the direction of growth), an overhead shoot from the middle one, and an additional root from the extreme kidney. The first to grow is always the bud that forms the aerial shoot. Always behind it from the lower part of the same kidney, the accessory root grows. The adventitious roots often begin to form only when the overhead shoot comes to the surface. This is especially true for segments of rhizomes of two years of age. In the middle of summer, many plants show growth of new rhizomes and additional roots. Rhizomes and subordinate roots, as a rule, grow from the axillary buds of the basal part of the aerial stem, immersed in the soil. The number of rhizomes can reach 6-8, the length of individual ones reaches 1.0 m with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The number of subordinate roots may be 4-5. Partial shoots are not formed in the first year. Some plants bloom, but do not bear fruit.

 A large role in creating plantations of licorice culture by vegetative propagation is played by the correctly selected length of planting material.

 The most rational length of the rhizome makes it possible to efficiently use the harvested planting material, increases the regenerative ability of the rhizomes and ensures normal plant density in the plots. Calculations show that, on average, in the ten-centimeter section of the rhizome, 2-3 kidneys develop, in the twenty-centimeter section - 4-5 kidneys and on the forty-centimeter section - 6-9 kidneys. During spring planting, segments of four- and five-year-old rhizomes 10, 20, and 40 cm long were 100% rooted.

 Regrowth overgrowth from ten-centimeter rhizomes was noted after 15-18 days, from twenty-centimeter shoots - 8-12 days. The difference in time of emergence of shoots on the soil surface averaged 5-7 days. In the first year of life in all cases, there is a difference in the development of aboveground shoots. From ten-centimeter rhizomes, one shoot above the ground grew 0.65 m high, twenty-centimeter and forty-centimeter shoots - 2 shoots each, reaching a height of 0.80 and 0.90 m. Rhizomes 20 and 40 cm long develop 4, and ten-centimeter shoots - only 3 horizontal rhizomes . It is characteristic of rhizomes 0.4 m long: the aboveground stem and adnexal root are almost always formed from one extreme kidney. The rest of the rhizome dies in the first year of life. In segments 0.1 and 0.2 m long, aerial shoots and adventitious roots can form from any kidney of the rhizome. In the second and subsequent years of plant life, their development occurs regardless of the length of the planted rhizome.

The productivity of the aerial mass of plants at the end of the second year of vegetation showed that with a density of standing of 19 stems / m ² and their height of 2 m, the aerial mass when planting forty centimeter rhizomes was 3 kg of wet weight. The green mass when planting rhizomes with a length of 10 cm reaches 2.5 kg / m ² , and twenty-centimeter - 2.8 kg / m ² . The highest productivity of raw roots (3.5 kg / m ² ) was obtained by planting twenty-centimeter rhizomes. The biopotential of the thickets during planting of ten-centimeter segments was 3 kg / m ^{2 of} underground mass.

 At the end of the third year of plant vegetation, the pattern in the development of aboveground shoots according to the experimental variants is preserved, while the yield of the root mass changes somewhat. After three years, the licorice hay crop averaged 6.2 - 7.4 t / ha, and the total supply of dry root mass was 16.8-17.8 t / ha. The mass of the standard root, corresponding to GOST 22839 -88, was 11.2-13.6 t / ha. An analysis of the structure of the root mass shows that rhizomes prevail in it (about 50% of the total mass). The mass of karabash (vertical rhizomes) and accessory (rope) roots is approximately the same. Rhizomes, karabash and licorice roots bare 10, 20 and 40 cm long have a sufficient supply of axillary buds, ensuring the rooting and development of new plants. In order to make the most efficient use of planting material, it is advisable to plant rhizomes 20–25 cm long. For mechanization of this process and uninterrupted supply of cuttings to the cavity of the rod of the planting apparatus, it is recommended that the length of the cuttings of roots, Karabash and rhizomes is 10-15 cm with a maximum diameter of not more than 10-12 cm .

 The growth energy of the planted segments of rhizomes also depends on the planting depth. Segments of rhizomes 20 cm long, planted on May 20, to a depth of 10 cm, formed an aerial shoot after 8 days (mass regrowth was noted after 10 days). By the end of the growing season, 100% of the plants were preserved. At a planting depth of 20 cm, the beginning of shoot growth was also noted on the 8th day (mass growth much later). The number of surviving plants reaches 95%. Rhizomes planted to a depth of 30 cm form an aerial shoot on the 13th day, and their mass regrowth on the 15th day. The number of surviving plants was 90%. From a depth of 40 cm, rhizomes grow after 19 days at 35% survival, and from a depth of 0.5 m, an overground shoot emerges on the day surface after 25 days (mass regrowth is noted after 30 days). With a planting depth of 0.5 m, only 15% of plants are preserved by the end of the growing season. Rhizomes do not grow from a depth of 60 cm (planting under the PPN-60 planting plow in aggregate with a DT-75 M tractor). The data presented are based on the research of basic technology: plowing of deposits with a plow PLN-5-35 in an aggregate with a tractor DT-75 M. The depth of plowing is 0.27 ± 0.02 m. The arable land is cut with heavy disc harrows BDT-3,5. The strata are loosened to agronomically valuable soil fractions. Landing under the cut layers was carried out by plowing with a PN-4-35 plow with dismantled third and fourth buildings. The depth of embedment of the cuttings was changed by the support wheel of the PN-4-35 plow. The open furrow was closed up by the subsequent passage of the arable unit. After planting, the arable land was rolled in by three train connected by ring-spur rollers 3 KKSh-6A.

 The inventive machine provides for the planting of cuttings of the roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes without preliminary soil preparation and subsequent tillage. The inventive machine provides a single pass of the unit with all the required operations.

 In the table. Figures 1 and 2 show the results of field tests of the claimed and basic technologies for creating licorice plantations of the bare floodplain ecotype for the conditions of the southeast of the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that in the basic technology, at a depth of embedment of cuttings to a depth of 0.03-0.1 m, the degree of regrowth in the first year is higher (see table. 1) than in the claimed technology (see table. 2), however, with planting the same cuttings to a depth of 0.20-0.30 m, the degree of growth of the latter is higher, and the productivity of the root mass at 5 and 6 years of their growth reaches 40-50 t / ha of raw root (humidity 42-45%) and 80- 85% of them meet the requirements of GOST 22839-88.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:
means that perform the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in agricultural machinery;
for the claimed invention, in the form described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed;
the tool that performs the claimed invention in its implementation is able to ensure the achievement of the technical result perceived by the Applicants.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (10)

 1. A machine for planting cuttings of roots, Karabash and licorice rhizomes, containing a frame, an automatic coupling bracket, support wheels, racks with openers and planting machines, characterized in that each of the racks equipped with a chisel on the lower part is made flat with a knife on the front part, the curved-concave cutting edge of which has the shape of a parabola with the center of its branch below the middle of the rack, the coulter in the form of a ring with a cutting edge is mounted on the lower rear of the rack, and the landing gear in the form of a hollow rod is mounted on the rear it is an image of a rack and connected to the opener cavity.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of sharpening of the knife in the upper and lower parts of the parabola decreases to the center of its branch. 3. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the angle of sharpening of the knife is reduced from 30 to 15 ^o . 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting edge of the opener is formed by sharpening the front of the inner strip of the ring at an angle of 18 - 21 ^o to the outer surface forming it.  5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting edge of the coulter has the shape of an ellipse.  6. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the cutting edge of the opener has the shape of a ring.  7. The machine according to p. 4, characterized in that the cutting edge of the opener has a complex closed line.  8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower edge of the rod of the landing apparatus is combined with the rear edge of the rack.  9. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the hollow rod is equipped with a guide for cuttings of Karabash.  10. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the rod is made with a variable section, decreasing towards the opener.

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