RU2438295C2 - Method to create permanent forest seed orchards of pine on lands out-of-agricultural use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises strip tillage with formation of planting rows and untreated strips, planting in rows of pine trees, bushes and related culture with pretreatment of organic fertilisers. Forest seed orchard is created on land of former agricultural use, at a distance from the forest of more than 3 km. Soil is plowed for depth of 60-80 cm. Planting is carried out in spring with the distance between rows of 10 m. In order to prevent damage to seed pines of diseases and pests bushes are introduced into the rows of pines that block dispersal and coalescing of horizontal pine roots, and prevent dispersal of lamellicorn insects. Maintenance of soil fertility in the future is carried out by introduction to composition of an orchard of companion crop - soil improver. In spacings of an orchard lawn grass is sown that prevents growth of softwood trees.

EFFECT: method provides reduction of labor and material costs and increasing of selective and forest protection effect when creation of permanent orchards.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to forestry, in particular to the creation of permanent sustainable forest seed plantations of pine (LSP).

Forest seed plantation (LSP) is an artificially created planting from plants planted according to a special genetic scheme, which are seed or vegetative offspring of plus trees. LPS is created for regular production (throughout the life of a tree) of varietal, elite, or hybrid seeds with predetermined hereditary properties and high sowing qualities [1].

Known methods for the creation of LPS of ordinary pine, in which the selection of plots is provided - on clearings with fertile soils, under conditions optimal for pine. The creation of LPS on lands that have been abandoned for agricultural use is categorically ruled out because of possible rot rot from the root sponge (Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.). To create LPS of pine, rich soils in suramini (loamy soils) are recommended [2, 3, 4].

To prevent the introduction of unwanted pollen, plots are selected among other coniferous or deciduous trees to provide spatial isolation of at least 300 m from low-productive plantations. With a shorter distance to minus plantations, it is proposed to create filtering strips of 5-10 rows of fast-growing densely-groomed trees of other species that are not intermediate hosts of diseases and pests.

There are two methods of tillage.

Continuous uprooting of stumps, combing out roots, their cleaning, surface planning, black steam, disking and deep autumn plowing in autumn, spring harrowing, continuous application of organic fertilizers (20-40 t / ha) and lime (4-6 t / ha), plowing fertilizers in the soil, during the summer, multiple cultivation [4].

In exceptional cases, partial strip tillage with lowering stumps to ground level, clearing the area from shrubs and minor rocks, plowing the soil with PKL-70 plow in two passes with furrows, followed by loosening of the furrow layer along the double counter passage along one track of KLB-1 cultivators is allowed , 7. The distance between the centers of the strips is 10 m, the distance between the trees is taken for pine up to 8-10 m. Systematic or random placement of tree progenies is provided. Methods of planting plantations with platforms [1, 2, 3] are proposed. Due to the assumption of free pollination, the selection effect is reduced [3].

The closest in technical essence is a method of creating mixed forests resistant to root rot and fire, including strip tillage with the formation of planting rows and untreated strips, planting rows of pine, shrubs and related crops with a preliminary single strip introduction of organic fertilizers into the root zone of planted crops [ 5].

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of forest protection and breeding effect.

The technical result is to reduce labor and material costs and increase the breeding and forest protection effect when creating permanent plantations.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method includes strip cultivation of the soil with the formation of planting rows and untreated strips, planting rows of pine, shrubs and associated crops with the preliminary introduction of organic fertilizers, and new is that forest seed plantations are created on formerly used agricultural lands with flat relief, at a distance of more than 3 km from forests, where pollen and seeds of forest species do not fly in, there is less possibility of spores entering the fungi causing ezni type Schutte, fewer representatives scarab. Pine plantation is arranged in rows with a distance of 10 m between them. In order to prevent the appearance of root rot from the root sponge, a mixing scheme in the rows of pine is selected, which determines complete resistance to this disease. To scare away root-gnawing pests, in particular Dendroctonus - Dendroctonus micfns Kuq, scare-off plants are introduced - Russian broom and warty spindle tree. To increase soil fertility and increase productivity of the forest seed plantation, organic fertilizers are used, including non-traditional ones based on organic waste [6, 7]. To reduce material costs, to avoid increasing the degree of growth of weedy herbaceous plants in the aisles, to intensify the growth processes of pine, fertilizers are applied in strips to the zone of the root system of wood and shrub plants. To maintain soil fertility in subsequent years, as a concomitant crop, soil is used enriching its litter - small-leaved linden.

The method is as follows.

The drawing shows the layout of the main crop (pine) and related crops on a permanent forest plantation. The cultures are arranged in rows with a distance of 10 m between them. In a row, three seats of pine 1 alternate, for example, with two seats of broomberry 2, one - euonymus 3, one - linden 4, etc. with distances. Aisles are sown with lawn grass 5.

The soil is cultivated using a black steam system, which includes autumn plowing by general-purpose plows to a depth of 60-80 cm. Destruction of the dense subsurface horizon is provided by spring loosening of soil at the locations of rows of woody and shrub plants to a depth of 40 cm. Organic fertilizers are applied in stripes, for example , non-traditional based on organic waste (nomul) in the root zone. Landing is made in the spring. Rows of plants are arranged in prepared strips.

Landing is carried out according to the above scheme. In the process of forming a forest seed plantation of three pine plants, one remains in each mixing cycle. Shrubs up to 1.0-1.5 m high (broom, warty spindle tree) are planted directly to the pine trees, which do not interfere with the formation of a low crown.

To reduce the spread in the aisles of soft-leaved species, which are intermediate hosts of the main breed, lawn grasses, such as foxtail and bluegrass, are sown.

LSP created on a plot that has been abandoned for agricultural use is fenced with a protective strip in two rows - on the inside and outside the edge of the bushes from hawthorn blood-red, or field maple, one or two rows of birch and two rows of spruce, when shifted to along with mountain ash or yellow acacia.

Example. The object of a rare pine culture was laid with the Slout forestry of the Glukhovsky forestry of the Sumy region (Ukraine). The plot is formerly under agricultural use. Type of forest conditions C ₂ . When planting in 1963, pine was mixed in a row with linden and shrubs: amorphous, catalpa, yellow acacia. At 48 years of age, a root sponge lesion was not found during examination. Damage to the root sponge was absent. Damage by stem pests is noted only on oppressed trees.

Information sources

1. Forest encyclopedia. T.1. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985 .-- 563 p.

2. OST 56-74-84. Plantation of pine, spruce, larch and oak.

3. Patent RU No. 2080777, IPC 6 A01G 23/00. Publication date. 06/10/1997 by application of 12/10/1993

4. Prokhorova E.V. The technology of creating objects of a single genetic-breeding complex / E.V. Prokhorova, E.P. Lebedev - Yoshkar-Ola, MarSTU, 2007. - 84 p.

5. Patent No. 2240680; IPC 7 A01G 23/00, 23/02. Bull. No. 33 dated November 27, 2004.

6. Ridzhal IB The influence of sewage sludge on the productivity of forest seed plantations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the coniferous-deciduous forest zone: Dis .... Cand. S.-kh. Sciences: 06.03.01, M., 2006. - 136 p.

7. Romanov E.M. The use of organic waste in forestry / E.M. Romanov, D.I. Mukhortov. // Bulletin of MarSTU. - 2007. - T.1, No. 1. S.22-29.

Claims (2)

1. A method of creating permanent forest seed plantations of pine on lands that have been abandoned for agricultural use, comprising strip tillage with the formation of planting rows and untreated strips, planting rows of pine, shrubs and related crops with the preliminary introduction of organic fertilizers, characterized in that the plantation is created on lands formerly used for agricultural use, more than 3 km away from the forest, excluding the ingestion of pine pollen and plant seeds - carriers of pathogens from outside the plantation, plowing is carried out at a depth of 60-80 cm, planting is carried out in spring with a distance between rows of 10 m, while damage to seed pines is prevented by diseases and pests due to the introduction of bushes in the pine rows that block the spread and growth of horizontal pine roots and repel spread of lamellar insects; The maintenance of soil fertility is further carried out by introducing a concomitant soil cultivator into the plantation, and lawn grass is sown in the planting aisles, which prevents the growth of soft-leaved species. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pine in a row alternate with Russian broom, warty spindle tree, and small-leaved linden is used as a soil cultivator.

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