CN115176661A - Novel protection forest construction method - Google Patents
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- CN115176661A CN115176661A CN202210972176.8A CN202210972176A CN115176661A CN 115176661 A CN115176661 A CN 115176661A CN 202210972176 A CN202210972176 A CN 202210972176A CN 115176661 A CN115176661 A CN 115176661A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for building a protection forest, which comprises the following steps of S1: the afforestation cleaning is to remove the weeds, shrubs, tree roots and other sundries existing on the afforestation land, and the common cleaning method mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises a mountain-making method, a chemical herbicide method and a cutting and clearing method, wherein the three methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the clearing method needs to be selected scientifically and reasonably according to the actual situation of a forestation land during forestation clearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest culture and management, in particular to a novel protective forest culture and management method.
Background
In recent years, the industrial development of China is rapid, the rapid development of economy is driven, the life of people is greatly changed, but the development of forestry is seriously influenced, the occupation ratio of the area of the forestry in China in the area of the national soil is greatly different from that of the forestry in developed countries at present, besides various error regions of the traditional afforestation method, the popularization of the afforestation technology is also insufficient, the afforestation work in China is difficult to be greatly promoted in a short time, and after the afforestation work is finished, the later-stage damage prevention to the afforestation is lacked, so that the afforestation is damaged.
Based on the method, the invention provides a novel method for constructing a protection forest.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
The invention aims to provide a novel method for constructing a protection forest, and in order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for constructing a novel protection forest comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning forest land: the afforestation cleaning is to remove the weeds, shrubs, tree roots and other sundries existing on the afforestation land, and the common cleaning method mainly comprises the following steps: the three methods all have advantages and disadvantages, and when in afforestation cleaning, the cleaning method needs to be scientifically and reasonably selected according to the actual condition of the afforestation land;
s2, soil preparation work: generally, people divide land preparation work into two types, namely local land preparation and comprehensive land preparation, generally, in flat and plain areas with gentle topography, a comprehensive land preparation method is often used, which mainly comprises the steps that large-scale machinery can be used for operation when the topography is arranged, so that land preparation time can be saved, a good overall effect is obtained, land acquisition cost can be reduced, the local land preparation method is mainly suitable for being used in areas with shapes such as high platforms, hillsides and the like, and the purposes of saving time and labor can be achieved by using the local land preparation method in the areas;
s3, forest culture and management method: the forest culture and management method mainly comprises the following three methods: the method comprises a sowing method, a seedling planting method and a afforestation method, wherein the three afforestation methods have advantages and disadvantages and need to be selected according to actual conditions or matched for use;
s4, pest and disease prevention technology: the pest prevention technology comprises seedling disinfection, improvement of pest prediction, scientific cultivation and scientific prevention and control.
Preferably, in S1, the hill-melting method refers to a burning method to clean up the sundries in the forestation land, and the hill-melting method has the advantages of high cleaning efficiency, good cleaning effect and the like, and can thoroughly clean up weeds, pests and the like by using the hill-melting method, and meanwhile, the incineration products can also be used as nutrients of trees to facilitate the growth of the trees, but the method has the disadvantages of simplicity, violence, and can kill harmful organisms and beneficial organisms during the use process, and can easily cause water and soil loss, so the method is generally only used for cleaning the forestation land with a large area.
Preferably, in S1, the chemical herbicide method refers to a method of removing weeds in forestation by applying chemical herbicide, so as to reduce the influence of the weeds on plant growth, but the chemical herbicide can effectively save manpower and material resources, and does not affect soil and water conservation, but the method is easy to cause environmental pollution, and also has influence on the later forestation.
Preferably, in S1, the cutting and cleaning method does not cause water and soil loss and does not pollute the surrounding environment, but the method mainly uses the handheld cutting device to clean the forested land, and the working efficiency is very low, so that the method is not suitable for cleaning large-area forested land.
Preferably, in the step S3, the seeding method is a method of directly seeding the seeds to the afforestation site, and the seedling planting method is a method of planting the seedlings with complete root systems and strong growth into the planting holes dug in advance for afforestation, and the method is the most widely applied afforestation method in China.
Preferably, in S3, the method of afforestation by using a nursery method is to transplant a part (including root system, trunk, etc.) of a tree (generally, a tree with excellent comprehensive properties and good growth) to breed a new forest.
Preferably, in S4, seedling disinfection refers to disinfection of seedling growth based on forestry pest control work, and firstly, seedling growth requires high terrain and good soil quality, and seedling damping-off and blight are reduced, and secondly, seed disinfection is performed in the seedling growth process, so that seedling emergence rate and seedling quality are guaranteed, timely fertilization and weeding are performed in the initial stage of seedling growth, and a good inhibiting effect on propagation of soil-borne pathogens and pests is achieved.
Preferably, in S4, the first step of the pest control work is to pay attention to the prediction of the pest, and the professional of the forestry department needs to perform comprehensive monitoring in the forest at regular intervals, investigate the situation of the pest in the forest by using advanced instruments and scientific detection means, master the first-hand data, and establish a perfect pest prediction system.
Preferably, in S4, scientific cultivation means that rotation, intercropping and the like are reasonably performed, deep ploughing work of a forest area is required to be done in the growth and development process of the trees, good conditions are provided for growth of root systems of the trees, the trees are promoted to grow robustly, the overall resistance of the forest area to pests and diseases can be enhanced, soil-borne pests can be killed to a certain extent, after some trees suffer from the pests and diseases, branches and leaves of some trees fall on the ground, which are hidden places of the pests, so that trimming of the trees is required, and pest branches are timely cleaned out, further spreading of the pests and diseases can be effectively avoided, managers mostly observe the trees in the forest after entering winter, once the trees are hung with pest bags and removed timely, and the trees are brushed with 1 circle of lime on the trunks leading to the ground.
Preferably, in S4, the scientific prevention and treatment refers to accurately judging the types of the plant diseases and insect pests in combination with the growth vigor of the trees, the occurrence degree of the plant diseases and insect pests, the occurrence rules of the plant diseases and insect pests, and making the best comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in combination with the actual forest land to ensure the prevention and treatment effects and reduce the possible loss of the plant diseases and insect pests to the greatest extent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the scientific and standard forest culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the land is trimmed before the forest culture, the seedlings are selected and disinfected in the forest culture, the trees are scientifically prevented and treated after the forest culture, the forest culture is carried out in a series of scientific and standard modes, the later-stage survival rate of the seedlings can be ensured while the forest culture efficiency is improved, and therefore, the problem provided by the background technology can be solved, and the important contribution can be made to the popularization of the forest culture technology.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments in the present invention patent, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention patent, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the patent of the invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the patent of the invention.
A method for constructing a novel protection forest comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing forest lands: the afforestation cleaning is to clean up weeds, shrubs, tree roots and other sundries on the afforestation ground, and the common cleaning method mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises a hill-smelting method, a chemical herbicide method and a cutting and cleaning method, wherein the three methods have advantages and disadvantages, and a cleaning method needs to be scientifically and reasonably selected according to the actual situation of a forestation land during forestation cleaning;
s2, soil preparation work: generally, people divide land preparation work into two types, namely local land preparation and comprehensive land preparation, generally, in flat and plain areas with gentle topography, a comprehensive land preparation method is often used, which mainly comprises the steps that large-scale machinery can be used for operation when the topography is arranged, so that land preparation time can be saved, a good overall effect is obtained, land acquisition cost can be reduced, the local land preparation method is mainly suitable for being used in areas with shapes such as high platforms, hillsides and the like, and the purposes of saving time and labor can be achieved by using the local land preparation method in the areas;
s3, forest culture and management method: the forest culture and management method mainly comprises the following three methods: the three afforestation methods have advantages and disadvantages and need to be selected according to actual conditions or matched for use;
s4, pest and disease prevention technology: the pest prevention technology comprises seedling disinfection, improvement of pest prediction, scientific cultivation and scientific prevention and treatment.
The first embodiment is as follows:
clearing forest lands: the afforestation cleaning is to clean up weeds, shrubs, tree roots and other sundries on the afforestation ground, and the common cleaning method mainly comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the method comprises a burning method, which is used for cleaning up sundries in the afforestation site, a chemical herbicide method and a cutting and cleaning method, the burning method has the advantages of high cleaning efficiency, good cleaning effect and the like, weeds, pests and the like can be thoroughly cleaned up by using the burning method, and meanwhile, burning products can also be used as nutrients of trees and are beneficial to the growth of the trees.
Example two:
soil preparation work: generally, people divide land preparation work into two types, namely local land preparation and comprehensive land preparation, generally, in flat and plain areas with gentle topography, a comprehensive land preparation method is often used, which is mainly characterized in that the topography can be operated by large machinery when being arranged, so that land preparation time can be saved, a good overall effect is obtained, land acquisition cost can be reduced, the local land preparation method is mainly suitable for being used in areas with shapes such as high platforms, hillsides and the like, the local land preparation method is used in the areas, the purposes of saving time and saving manpower can be achieved, however, attention is paid to the fact investigation needs to be made in each area before the overall work is carried out, the land preparation method is reasonably selected according to opportunity change of the area, and land preparation work is effectively carried out.
Example three:
the forest culture and management method comprises the following steps:
a seeding method: the seeding afforestation method is a method for directly seeding seeds to an afforestation land, has simple operation, saves the cost of seedling raising, planting and the like, is suitable for large-area afforestation, and has the defects that the afforestation method has strict standing conditions on the afforestation land and has higher requirements on management measures in the young afforestation period;
a seedling planting method: the method for planting the seedlings is the most widely applied method in China, and the method firstly transports the seedlings to a planting field, the seedlings are possibly extruded in the process, the seedlings deform, are damaged, lose too much water and the like, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is further influenced, so the method for planting the seedlings has high requirements on the seedlings, can be used for seedling first and can be introduced from a nursery, the seedlings are prevented from being damaged in the seedling lifting, transporting and planting processes, and water retention work is paid attention to; the afforestation method has the advantages that the capability of resisting severe environment is strong, the influence of the standing conditions of the afforestation land is small, and the growth vigor of the nursery stock is regular and stable;
a breeding afforestation method: the method for afforestation by division is characterized in that a part (including root systems, trunks and the like) of trees (generally with excellent comprehensive properties and good growth) is transplanted and new trees can be cultivated in a reproducible manner.
Example four:
the pest and disease prevention technology comprises the following steps:
seedling cultivation and disinfection: the basis of the forestry disease and pest control work is to make disinfection work of seedling growing, firstly, the seedling growing is high in terrain and good in soil quality, the occurrence of seedling damping-off and blight is reduced, secondly, the disinfection work of seeds is made in the seedling growing process, the seedling emergence rate and the quality of seedlings are guaranteed, fertilizer and weed are applied and removed in time in the initial stage of seedling growing, and the disinfection work has a good inhibiting effect on the propagation of soil-borne pathogens and pests; thirdly, natural enemies of the insect pests such as the beneficial birds and the like in the forest land are protected, the number of the natural enemies is increased, meanwhile, the natural enemies are observed in the seedling growing land, the protection is reinforced in time, and the lodging and the breakage of the seedlings caused by severe weather are avoided;
and (3) improving the prediction of plant diseases and insect pests: the precondition of pest control is to enhance the prediction of pest and disease damage and improve the prediction level, so that the first thing of the pest and disease damage control is to pay attention to the prediction of pest and disease damage, professionals in forestry departments need to carry out comprehensive monitoring in forests regularly, the situation of pest and disease damage in the forests is investigated by using advanced instruments and scientific detection means, the first-hand data is mastered, and a pest and disease damage prediction system is established and perfected;
scientific cultivation: some forest regions have few tree types and a single structure, rotation, intercropping and the like are reasonably carried out, deep ploughing work of the forest regions is required to be done in the growth and development process of the trees, good conditions are provided for growth of root systems of the trees, the trees are promoted to grow robustly, the overall resistance of the forest regions to plant diseases and insect pests can be enhanced, killing effects on soil-borne pests can be achieved to a certain extent, after some trees suffer from the plant diseases and insect pests, branches and leaves of some trees fall on the ground, which are all places where the plant diseases and insect pests are hidden, so that trimming of the trees is required, and the branches and the leaves of the trees are cleaned in time, further spreading of the plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively avoided, managers observe the trees in the forest after winter, once the trees are hung with insect bags and removed in time, and brush 1 circle of lime on the trunks of the trees to the ground;
scientific prevention and treatment: once the diseases and pests occur in the forest, the types of the diseases and pests are accurately judged by combining the growth vigor of trees, the occurrence degree of the diseases and pests, the disease and pest occurrence condition and the like, the characteristic characteristics and the occurrence rule of the diseases and pests are further known, the optimal comprehensive control measures are actually formulated in the forest, the control effect is ensured, the possible loss of the diseases and pests to the forest is reduced to the maximum extent, firstly, the physical and mechanical control is adopted, the insect pests are trapped and killed by adopting the modes of artificial catching and killing, light trapping and killing and the like, the method does not pollute the environment, the natural enemies in the forest can be effectively protected, the defects that higher capital and labor investment are needed, the cost is high, the limitation is large, secondly, the biological control is good, in order to effectively protect the environment, the microorganisms, beneficial birds (including ash-happiness magpie, peck, yellow penny, canary and the like) and the like in the forest during the control are implemented by using the bacteria to control the insects, the forestry diseases and pests have good control effect, and people pay more and more attention to the application of the biological control of the diseases and pests in the current environment protection consciousness that the social environment is stronger and more.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A novel method for constructing a protection forest is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, clearing forest lands: the afforestation cleaning is to clean up weeds, shrubs, tree roots and other sundries on the afforestation ground, and the common cleaning method mainly comprises the following steps: the three methods all have advantages and disadvantages, and when in afforestation cleaning, the cleaning method needs to be scientifically and reasonably selected according to the actual condition of the afforestation land;
s2, soil preparation work: generally, people divide land preparation work into two types, namely local land preparation and comprehensive land preparation, generally, in flat and plain areas with gentle topography, a comprehensive land preparation method is often used, which mainly comprises the steps that large-scale machinery can be used for operation when the topography is arranged, so that land preparation time can be saved, a good overall effect is obtained, land acquisition cost can be reduced, the local land preparation method is mainly suitable for being used in areas with shapes such as high platforms, hillsides and the like, and the purposes of saving time and labor can be achieved by using the local land preparation method in the areas;
s3, forest culture and management method: the forest culture and management method mainly comprises the following three methods: the three afforestation methods have advantages and disadvantages and need to be selected according to actual conditions or matched for use;
s4, pest and disease prevention technology: the pest prevention technology comprises seedling disinfection, improvement of pest prediction, scientific cultivation and scientific prevention and control.
2. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the S1, the burn-off method is a fire burning method, sundries in the forestation land are cleaned, the burn-off method has the advantages of high cleaning efficiency, good cleaning effect and the like, weeds, pests and the like can be thoroughly cleaned by using the burn-off method, meanwhile, burning products can also be used as nutrients of trees and are beneficial to the growth of the trees, but the method has the defects of simplicity and rough force, and can eliminate harmful organisms and beneficial organisms in the using process and easily cause water and soil loss, so the method is generally only used for cleaning the forestation land with a large area.
3. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the S1, the chemical herbicide method is to remove weeds in the afforestation site by spreading the chemical herbicide, so that the influence of the weeds on the growth of plants is reduced, but the chemical herbicide can effectively save manpower and material resources and cannot influence the water and soil conservation, but the method is easy to cause environmental pollution and can also influence the later-stage afforestation.
4. A method for constructing a new type of shelter forest as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the cutting and cleaning method cannot cause water loss and soil loss and cannot pollute the surrounding environment, but the method mainly utilizes the handheld cutting equipment to clean the forested land, has very low working efficiency and is not suitable for cleaning the large-area forested land.
5. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the sowing method is a method for directly sowing seeds to an afforestation land, the seedling planting method is to plant seedlings with complete root systems and strong growth into planting holes dug in advance for afforestation, and the method is the most widely applied afforestation method in China.
6. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, the afforestation method is to transplant a part (including a root system, a trunk and the like) of the tree (generally with excellent comprehensive properties and good growth) and culture a new forest.
7. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, seedling culture disinfection refers to disinfection of seedling growth for prevention and treatment of forest disease and insect pests, the disinfection of seedling growth is completed, the seedling growth is required to be high in terrain and good in soil quality, damping-off and blight of seedlings are reduced, the disinfection of seeds is completed in the seedling growth process, the seedling emergence rate and the quality of the seedlings are guaranteed, fertilizer is applied and weed is removed in time in the initial stage of seedling growth, and the disinfection of soil-borne pathogens and insect pests is well inhibited.
8. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, the prediction of plant diseases and insect pests is emphasized primarily in the plant disease and insect pest prevention and control work, professionals of forestry departments need to conduct comprehensive monitoring in forests regularly, advanced instruments and scientific detection means are used for investigating the conditions of plant diseases and insect pests in the forests, first-hand information is mastered, and a plant disease and insect pest prediction system is established and perfected.
9. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, the scientific cultivation means that rotation, intercropping and the like are reasonably carried out, deep ploughing work of a forest area is required to be done in the growth and development process of the trees, good conditions are provided for growth of root systems of the trees, the trees are promoted to grow robustly, the overall resistance of the forest area to diseases and pests can be enhanced, killing effects on soil-borne pests can be achieved to a certain extent, after some trees suffer from the diseases and pests, branches and leaves of some trees fall on the ground, and the branches and leaves are all places where the pests are hidden, so that trimming of the trees is required, the branches of the trees are cleaned in time, further spreading of the diseases and pests can be effectively avoided, managers mostly observe the trees in the forest after entering winter, once the trees are found to be hung with insect sacs, the trees are removed in time, and the trunks of the trees to the ground are brushed with 1 circle of lime.
10. The method for building a new shelter forest according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, scientific prevention and treatment means that types of the plant diseases and insect pests are accurately judged according to the growth vigor of the trees, the occurrence degree and the incidence condition of the plant diseases and insect pests, characteristic characteristics and occurrence rules of the plant diseases and insect pests are further known, and the optimal comprehensive prevention and treatment measures are actually formulated according to the forest, so that the prevention and treatment effect is ensured, and the possible loss of the plant diseases and insect pests to the forest is reduced to the maximum extent.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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