CN110999709A - Method for recovering vegetation in improved stony desertification soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for restoring vegetation in stony desertification soil, which comprises the following steps: selecting a pin and broad leaf mixed forest design; selecting excellent varieties, and carefully managing and cultivating saplings; preparing land in blocks, wherein the specification of the fish scale pits is 40cm multiplied by 40 cm; according to the field situation, a 'gapping pin inserting' mode is adopted to carry out proper close planting in a deep soil layer area, and the close planting is carried out by fully utilizing soil remained in stone ditches, stone cracks, a manger and stone pits; planting; tending and managing. The method for recovering the vegetation in the stony desertification soil improvement is easy to operate and low in cost, operations such as terrain cleaning, microalgae inoculation, soil dressing, special improver application and the like are not needed, a mode of planting by a joint pin is adopted, ecological mixed-crossing three-dimensional afforestation is carried out by using stony desertification suitable tree species, after nursery stock field planting, in-situ cutting mountain grass is adopted to cover a planting hole, wind prevention and soil moisture conservation are carried out, and the stony desertification soil improvement is carried out by constructing a stony desertification ecological restoration forest, so that the purposes of vegetation recovery and ecological restoration are achieved.

Description

Method for recovering vegetation in improved stony desertification soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of forestry greening, in particular to a vegetation recovery method for improving stony desertification soil.

Background

In the process of reforming and innovating the stony desertification control work, the afforestation is the most effective and most effective method, however, the plant growth is hindered due to high land matrix rock bare degree, thin soil layer, rare vegetation, low comprehensive land production capacity and poor soil water-containing and water-nourishing source capacity in the stony desertification region, and the general afforestation method is difficult to rapidly recover the vegetation.

Patent application with publication number CN107333543A discloses a method for restoring stony desertification ecology, which requires blue algae cultivation and microalgae inoculation, the processes of medium preparation, different compound ratios, inoculation and the like are complicated and difficult to operate, the requirements of cultivation test conditions are strict, and cultivation or operation failures such as pollution, browning and the like are generated carelessly, which directly affects the next step and the whole method results. Publication No. CN108093731A discloses a rocky desertification control method, which needs landform finishing and soil improvement, and needs soil dressing and modifier application, and the restoration control process is complex, the workload is huge, and the cost is high.

Therefore, the research on the restoration of the stony desertification soil with simple restoration and treatment process and low cost is very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for restoring vegetation in stony desertification soil, which utilizes the water consumption characteristics of tree species in stony desertification mountainous regions and the space structure characteristics of forest stands of different broad mixed forests and combines forest stand management measures to construct a healthy forest ecosystem with high forest land productivity and stable ecological function, thereby restoring vegetation in stony desertification regions and restoring ecology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for recovering vegetation improved in stony desertification soil comprises the following steps:

(1) tree species selection and mix design: selecting a pin and broad leaf mixed forest design;

(2) culturing strong seedlings: selecting excellent varieties, and carefully managing and cultivating saplings;

(3) land preparation: preparing land in blocks, wherein the specification of the fish scale pits is 40cm multiplied by 40 cm;

(4) afforestation density: according to the field situation, a 'gapping pin' type is adopted to carry out appropriate close planting in a deep soil layer area, and the soil remained in stone ditches, stone cracks, cribs and stone pits is fully utilized for close planting, so that the nursery stock can cover the bare soil as soon as possible;

(5) planting:

selecting a cloudy day or a rainy day for planting in the period of 2-3 months, selecting a 1-year-old robustly-developed seedling, planting broad-leaved trees in a container mode as much as possible, and performing disease and pest quarantine before seedling adjustment;

(6) tending and managing.

In the vegetation recovery method, preferably, the coniferous and broadleaf commingled forest mainly comprises coniferous tree species of trees and auxiliary shrubs and lianas; the mixing proportion of the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest tree species is (6:4) - (7: 3).

In the vegetation recovery method, preferably, the conifer species of the trees are cypress, arborvitae, cedar and larch; the broad-leaved tree species is selected from one or more of acacia, sillibania, populus sonoranthus, alder, quercus acutissima, quercus suber, privet, paper mulberry, cyclobalanopsis glauca, sweetgum, pepper, walnut, eucommia, cedrela sinensis, Chinese tallow tree, lacquer tree, mulberry, tung tree, alstonia, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pterocarpus santalinus, hackberry and red beech; the shrub is selected from one or more of spica fruticosa, fructus Rosae Normalis, pyracantha fortuneana, amorpha fruticosa, coriaria sinica and rhododendron; the vine is selected from one or more of honeysuckle, euonymus fortunei, boswellia crenata and Chinese alpine rush. The selection of the tree species is based on ecology, and the local tree species with strong adaptability, strong resistance, long service life, beautiful appearance and local characteristics are selected as much as possible according to the specific conditions of the habitat and the small environment; moreover, the selection of the tree species also focuses on the harmony and unity of the whole urban landscaping, focuses on the embodying of the local characteristics, and simultaneously accords with the greening functional requirements and the tree species easy to cultivate and manage.

In the vegetation recovery method, preferably, the afforestation density is controlled to be 900-1950 plants/hm²。

Preferably, in the planting process, a planting method of 'three burying and two stepping one lifting seedling' is adopted, when the seedling is planted, one hand is used for pinching the seedling, the seedling is placed in a soil hole, half of soil is covered, then the small tree seedling is slightly lifted upwards, the root system is stretched, the soil is tightly stepped, then the soil is covered, the root is tamped by a hoe, and the base of the seedling is enabled to be raised by small soil piles with the height of 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the vegetation recovery method checks the survival condition of the seedlings after 30 to 40 days of field planting, and timely replanting if dead seedlings exist.

In the vegetation recovery method, preferably, the fertilization is carried out for 1 time in winter in the current year and is carried out for one time every 2 continuous spring in the following year in the forestation. The fertilizer application is mainly carried out by using organic fertilizer, and weeds are removed before each fertilizer application.

Preferably, the vegetation restoration method includes:

① soil moisture conservation technique, namely planting nursery stock, cutting mountain grass to cover the planting holes, and compacting with stones;

② cutting and weeding, namely continuously tending for 2-3 years in 5 and 9 months every year, removing weeds which affect the growth of the trees within 50cm around the target tree species, simultaneously removing sprouts and straightening, and covering with the removed weeds by cultivating roots to ensure reasonable light, water, fertilizer, gas and heat supply of the trees;

③ pruning and shaping, namely, weeding by combining with cutting and irrigating, pruning and shaping in the dormant period of the trees, pruning dead branches and diseased branches under the crowns, wherein the pruning height does not exceed 1/3 of the total tree height, and the pruning ports are smooth without damaging the barks;

④ topdressing, namely, during topdressing, uniformly spreading fertilizer in half-moon-shaped grooves on the upper bank of the tree and covering soil;

⑤ managing the forestation land, if natural villages are distributed near the stony desertification land, people and livestock are prevented from harming seedlings or forest fire.

The vegetation recovery method preferably establishes a professional archive management system, establishes a special file for all data of project planning design, implementation scheme and operation design, quality tracking, inspection acceptance, fund use, effect monitoring and the like in the aspects of technology, management and finance, and gradually perfects project archive management.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the method for recovering the vegetation in the stony desertification soil improvement is easy to operate and low in cost, operations such as terrain cleaning, microalgae inoculation, soil dressing, special improver application and the like are not needed, a mode of planting by a gapped pin is adopted, ecological mixed-crossing three-dimensional afforestation is carried out by using stony desertification suitable tree species, after nursery stock field planting, in-situ cutting mountain grass is adopted to cover a planting hole, wind prevention and soil moisture preservation are carried out, and the stony desertification soil improvement is carried out by constructing a stony desertification ecological restoration forest, so that the purposes of vegetation recovery and ecological restoration are achieved.

(2) The method for restoring vegetation in modified rocky desertification soil keeps part of the dominant irrigation/vine and grass in the original land, and plants the rocky desertification suitable tree species in a matching way, finally builds a tree-irrigation/vine-grass three-dimensional mode, can improve the physicochemical property of the soil along with the growth of the forest stand and the stability of the structure of the forest stand, improves the drought, barren and high pH value of the rocky desertification, thereby improving the diversity of plants and achieving the purposes of quickly restoring vegetation and ecological restoration.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available products or products obtained by a known method.

Example 1:

a method for recovering vegetation in rocky desertification soil improvement in rocky desertification mountainous regions of Wanbao mountain forest lands in Longshan county of Hunan province comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting larch, liquidambar formosana hance, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pterocarpus santalinus, alstonia odorata and the like to build a coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, selecting shrubs and vine plants such as amorpha fruticosa, coriaria sinica, honeysuckle and euonymus fortunei as auxiliary plants, wherein the mixed crossing ratio of the tree species of the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest is 6:4, the larch is used for cultivating a biennial light matrix container seedling with the seedling height of 50cm and the ground diameter of 0.4cm, the broadleaf tree is pushed to use the biennial light matrix container seedling with the seedling height of 40cm and the ground diameter of 0.3 cm;

(2) performing hole soil preparation, wherein the dominant shrubs and herbs growing in the original land are reserved during soil preparation, and fish scale pits with the size of 40cm by 40cm are prepared;

(3) selecting cloudy days or rainy days for planting in the period of 2-3 months, adopting a 'joint pin' type to properly and densely plant in a deep soil layer area and fully utilizing soil remained in stone ditches, stone joints, food grooves and stone pits to carry out dense planting so that the nursery stock can cover the bare soil as soon as possible; adopting a planting method of 'three-burying two-stepping one-lifting' during planting, pinching the seedlings by one hand, placing the seedlings in soil holes, covering half of soil, slightly lifting the small tree seedlings upwards to enable the root systems to be unfolded, then tightly stepping the soil, then covering the soil, tamping the roots by a hoe, and enabling the base parts of the seedlings to be raised into small soil piles with the height of 3-5 cm; the primary planting density is 130 plants per mu, and 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each hole as base fertilizer;

(4) tending management:

① soil moisture conservation technique, wherein after planting, cutting mountain grass to cover the planting holes, compacting with stones, inspecting the survival condition of the seedlings after 30-40 days of planting, and timely replanting dead holes;

② weeding by cutting and irrigating continuously for three years, 5 and 9 months per year, removing weeds which affect the growth of the trees within 50cm around the target tree species, simultaneously removing sprouts and straightening, and covering with the removed weeds by cultivating roots to ensure reasonable light, water, fertilizer, gas and heat supply for the trees;

③ pruning and shaping, namely, weeding by combining with cutting and irrigating, pruning and shaping in the dormant period of the trees, pruning dead branches and diseased branches under the crowns, wherein the pruning height does not exceed 1/3 of the total tree height, and the pruning ports are smooth without damaging the barks;

④ topdressing, namely fertilizing once in winter in the current year, uniformly spreading 0.3kg of compound fertilizer in half-moon-shaped grooves on the upper bank of the tree, and covering with soil, and fertilizing once every 2 continuous spring;

⑤ managing forestation land, setting notice board and adopting various propaganda forms to increase the propaganda force of love forest and forest protection, preventing cattle, horse and sheep from entering and damaging young seedlings, and preventing forest fire.

When 3 years of forestation is carried out, the tree preservation rate is more than 95%, the average tree height of larch is 1.1m, the average ground diameter is 1.0cm, the average tree height of broad-leaved trees such as sweetgum, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pterocarpus indicus, alstonia odorata and the like is 1.0m, the average ground diameter is 0.8cm, and the canopy density of forest stands reaches 0.7. The tree preservation rate is estimated to be more than 90% when forestation is carried out for 10 years, the average height of larch is 10.7m and the average diameter at breast height is 12.8cm, the average height of other broad-leaved trees is 9.1m and the average diameter at breast height is 8.8cm, and the canopy density of forest stand reaches 1.0.

And (3) carrying out vegetation investigation, plant diversity analysis and soil physicochemical metering characteristic analysis on the stony desertification forest stand at the 3 rd year of forestation, and displaying the test result: the stony desertification afforestation effect is remarkable, 44 herbaceous plants of 43 families of 27 families and 41 woody plants of 24 families of 17 families are shared in an investigation region, the plant uniformity index reaches 0.84, the abundance index reaches 4.93, the diversity index reaches 2.58, and the soil physicochemical property is improved by 8.02%; the plant diversity and the soil physicochemical property of the stony desertification forest land are obviously improved along with the stability of the forest stand structure and the growth of the forest age.

Example 2:

a method for recovering vegetation in rocky desertification mountain land of a forest farm in the west of Mulberry plants in Hunan province comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting cypress, sassafras, quercus acutissima, hackberry and beech to build a pin-broad mixed forest, and selecting shrubs and vine plants such as white thorn, roxburgh rose, pyracantha fortuneana and boswellia serrata as auxiliary plants, wherein the mixed ratio of the pin-broad mixed forest is 7:3, the cypress is used for cultivating a two-year-old light matrix container seedling, the height of the seedling is 50cm, the ground diameter is 0.4cm, the broad-leaf tree is used for cultivating a two-year-old light matrix container seedling, the height of the seedling is 40cm, and the ground diameter is 0.3 cm;

(2) performing hole soil preparation, wherein the dominant shrubs and herbs growing in the original land are reserved during soil preparation, and fish scale pits with the size of 40cm by 40cm are prepared;

(3) selecting cloudy days or rainy days for planting in the period of 2-3 months, taking a 'joint pin' type to be suitable for close planting in a deep soil layer area and fully utilizing soil remained in stone ditches, stone joints, food troughs and stone pits for close planting so that the seedlings can cover bare soil as soon as possible; adopting a planting method of 'three-burying two-stepping one-lifting' during planting, pinching the seedlings by one hand, placing the seedlings in soil holes, covering half of soil, slightly lifting the small tree seedlings upwards to enable the root systems to be stretched, then tightly stepping the soil, then covering the soil, tamping the roots by a hoe, and enabling the base parts of the seedlings to be raised by small soil piles with the height of 3-5 cm; the primary planting density is 130 plants/mu, and 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each hole as base fertilizer;

(4) tending management:

① soil moisture conservation technique comprises cutting mountain grass to cover the planting holes, compacting with stone, planting for 30-40 days, inspecting survival condition of nursery stock, and timely replanting dead holes;

② cutting, irrigating and weeding, namely continuously tending for three years and 2 times per year, removing weeds which affect the growth of the trees within 50cm around the target tree species, simultaneously removing sprouts and straightening, and covering with the removed weeds by cultivating roots to ensure reasonable light, water, fertilizer, gas and heat supply of the trees;

③ pruning and shaping, namely, weeding by combining with cutting and irrigating, pruning and shaping in the dormant period of the trees, pruning dead branches and diseased branches under the crowns, wherein the pruning height does not exceed 1/3 of the total tree height, and the pruning ports are smooth without damaging the barks;

④ topdressing, namely topdressing for 1 time in winter in the same year and topdressing once every 2 continuous spring later, and during topdressing, uniformly spreading fertilizer and covering soil in half-moon-shaped grooves formed in the upper bank of the tree;

⑤ managing forestation land, setting notice board and adopting various propaganda forms to increase the propaganda force of love forest and forest protection, preventing cattle, horse and sheep from entering and damaging young seedlings, and preventing forest fire.

The tree preservation rate is more than 90% when 3 years of afforestation is carried out, the average tree height of cypress is 1.1m, the average ground diameter is 1.0cm, the average tree height of broad-leaved trees is 1.0m, the average ground diameter is 0.8cm, and the canopy density of forest stand is more than 0.6.

Claims (8)

1. A method for recovering vegetation improved in stony desertification soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) tree species selection and mix design: selecting a pin and broad leaf mixed forest design;

(2) culturing strong seedlings: selecting excellent varieties, and carefully managing and cultivating saplings;

(3) land preparation: preparing land in blocks, wherein the specification of the fish scale pits is 40cm multiplied by 40 cm;

(4) afforestation density: according to the field situation, a 'gapping pin' type is adopted to carry out appropriate close planting in a deep soil layer area, and the soil remained in stone ditches, stone cracks, cribs and stone pits is fully utilized for close planting, so that the nursery stock can cover the bare soil as soon as possible;

(5) planting:

selecting a cloudy day or a rainy day for planting in the period of 2-3 months, selecting a 1-year-old robustly-developed seedling, using a container seedling for a broad-leaved tree, performing field planting in a single-hole single-plant mode, and performing pest and disease quarantine before seedling adjustment;

(6) tending and managing.

2. The method of recovering vegetation according to claim 1 wherein the coniferous and broadleaf commingled forest is dominated by arbor conifer species and shrubs and vines are dominated by shrubs and vines; the mixing proportion of the coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest tree species is (6:4) - (7: 3).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the conifer species of trees are selected from cypress, arborvitae, cedar, larch; the broad-leaved tree species is selected from one or more of acacia, sillibania, populus sonoranthus, alder, quercus acutissima, quercus robur, privet, paper mulberry, cyclobalanopsis glauca, sweetgum, pepper, walnut, eucommia bark, cedrela sinensis, Chinese tallow tree, lacquer tree, mulberry tree, tung tree, alstonia, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pterocarpus santalinus, hackberry and red beech; the shrub is selected from one or more of spica fruticosa, fructus Rosae Normalis, pyracantha fortuneana, amorpha fruticosa, coriaria sinica and rhododendron; the vine is selected from one or more of honeysuckle, euonymus fortunei, boswellia crenata and Chinese alpine rush.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the afforestation density is controlled to 900-1950 plants/hm²。

5. The method for recovering vegetation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method of "three burying two stepping one lifting seedling" is adopted in the planting process, the seedling is pinched by one hand during planting, the seedling is placed in the soil hole, half soil is covered, then the small seedling is lifted slightly upwards to spread the root system, the soil is pressed tightly, then soil is covered, the root is tamped by a hoe, and the seedling base is raised by a small soil pile with the height of 3-5 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the survival of the seedlings is checked 30-40 days after planting, and if the seedlings are dead, the plants are timely replanted.

7. The method of recovering vegetation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the afforestation is fertilized 1 time in winter and every 2 consecutive spring afterward.

8. The vegetation restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tending management comprises:

① soil moisture conservation technique, namely planting nursery stock, cutting mountain grass to cover the planting holes, and compacting with stones;

② cutting and weeding, namely continuously tending for 2-3 years in 5 and 9 months every year, removing weeds which affect the growth of the trees within 50cm around the target tree species, simultaneously removing sprouts and straightening, and covering with the removed weeds by cultivating roots to ensure reasonable light, water, fertilizer, gas and heat supply of the trees;

③ pruning and shaping, namely, weeding by combining with cutting and irrigating, pruning and shaping in the dormant period of the trees, pruning dead branches and diseased branches under the crowns, wherein the pruning height does not exceed 1/3 of the total tree height, and the pruning ports are smooth without damaging the barks;

④ topdressing, namely, during topdressing, uniformly spreading fertilizer in half-moon-shaped grooves on the upper bank of the tree and covering soil;

⑤ managing the forestation land, if natural villages are distributed near the stony desertification land, people and livestock are prevented from harming seedlings or forest fire.