CN100346686C - Planting cuttage and sprout building afforestation method for fast-growing poplar - Google Patents
Planting cuttage and sprout building afforestation method for fast-growing poplar Download PDFInfo
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- CN100346686C CN100346686C CNB2005100422748A CN200510042274A CN100346686C CN 100346686 C CN100346686 C CN 100346686C CN B2005100422748 A CNB2005100422748 A CN B2005100422748A CN 200510042274 A CN200510042274 A CN 200510042274A CN 100346686 C CN100346686 C CN 100346686C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for fixing plants, cutting, enhancing seedlings and culturing forest. The size of the plant fixing, the cutting, the seedling enhancement and the forest culture of European-American poplars is 3m*1m, the number of the plant fixing is 220 per mou, the size of composite forest poplars is 5m*2m, and the number of the plant fixing is 66 per mou. In the second year, the size of the European-American poplars can be intermediately cut into 3m*3m, the remained number of the plant fixing is 74 per mou, the size of the composite forest poplars can be intermediately cut into 5m*4m, and the remained plant fixing is 33 per mou. The present invention solves the problems of no assurance of sufficient moisture and nutrition for the poplars in the front two years, undeveloped root systems in plow layers, low survival rate, long seedling relaxing period, random growth, dry type, no straight or round, poor material quality, low timber reserves, low economic benefit, and comes short of requirement of materials for matches and veneer boards. The present invention has the advantages that the survival rate is generally more than 95%, the maximum survival rate can reach 100%, and the growing speed is quick. The seedlings are cut in the current year, and the forest can be cultured in the current year. The height increment is more than 5m, and the maximum can reach 6m. The breast diameter increment is more than 5cm, and the maximum can reach 7cm. Besides, the felling cycle is shortened, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the afforestation technology, particularly speed is given birth to the method for Yang Zaolin.
Background technology
Traditional American-European poplar, the method for forestation of middle forest poplar are to educate the garden earlier, and transplant the back, carries out the woodland cultivation management after planting.The nursery planting density is bigger, does not reach the requirement in strong sprout; After the transplanting, seedling-slowing stage is long, and survival rate is low, and it is irregular to grow.Tradition afforestation the first two years can not guarantee the moisture and the nutrition of willow abundance, and the plow layer root system is undeveloped, and survival rate is low, and seedling-slowing stage is long, it is irregular to grow, and dry type is not perfectly straight satisfactory, and material is poor, timber reserves is low, does not reach the requirement of match, plywood usefulness material, and economic benefit is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the living poplar planting cuttage of speed, sprout building afforestation method, the survival rate height, and fast growth, cuttage is then grown into forest then, and growth is fast, shortens the cutting cycle, increases economic efficiency.
The living poplar planting cuttage of the present invention's speed, sprout building afforestation method, described willow is American-European poplar or middle forest poplar, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
One, gave birth to speed in 1 year that will breed and give birth to the section that Yang Miaomu is cut into the 15-16 centimeter length, lateral bud is apart from upper cut 1.3-1.5 centimetre;
Two, soaking 1-2 days among the Duan Zaishui that has cut, treat cuttage;
Three, cuttage:
(1) cuttage in winter need guarantee that the direct water content of soil is more than 18%;
(2) the deep ploughing soil deeptillage is 30-40 centimetre, use sufficient base manure, mu is executed 50～60 kilograms of barnyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram or nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizers, rake, harrow thin, American-European poplar is by 3 meters line-spacing routings, and the middle forest poplar is by 5 meters line-spacing routings, respectively stretches 0.5 meter little furrow of doing one meter of furrow face clear span to the left and right to go axis, and steady and sure the furrow back ofs the body, the back of the body is high 35～40 centimetres, and the furrow face flattened treat cuttage;
(3) American-European poplar is pressed 2 meters spacing in the rows cuttages by 1 meter spacing in the rows, middle forest poplar, and the cuttage degree of depth is with plugged ear upper cut and ground flat;
(4) after the cuttage in winter, every strain presses a little shovel fine earth to make real;
(5) cuttage in winter treat that next spring thaws after, water, after water oozes and suits down in the furrow, the soil that the plugged ear upper cut is pressed is pushed aside, the furrow face is gone at the stand uniformly, plugged ear is basseted 2.5～3 centimetres, the cuttage in spring, water after inserting, and make the plugged ear upper cut basset 2.5～3 centimetres, add the furans pellet with cottonseed or soya-bean cake and mix poison bait and be sprinkling upon on the furrow face, the harm of control soil insect covers mulch film then, behind the epiphragma, perforate on the mulch film of plugged ear upper cut allows plugged ear expose mulch film, covers the plugged ear upper cut with wet fine earth simultaneously;
(6) sapling grows tall 20～30 centimetres the time, spraying pesticide, pest control;
Four, sprout building afforestation:
Carry out the woodland management and cultivation;
Every mu of average annual little, middle footpath material volume of timber 3.5-3.8 cubic meter that produces, be 7 years rotation; Every mu of average annual big or middle footpath material volume of timber 3.2-3.5 cubic meter that produces, be 10 years rotation.
Below describe method of the present invention in detail:
One, gave birth to speed in 1 year that will breed and give birth to the section that Yang Miaomu is cut into the 15-16 centimeter length, lateral bud is apart from upper cut 1.3-1.5 centimetre.
Two, the section that has cut, in water, soaked 1-2 days, treat cuttage.
Three, cottage method and initial management in spring:
1. the cuttage in winter need be guaranteed the direct water content of soil more than 18%, so the soil moisture conservation of will watering in advance.Guarantee ground moistening after the cuttage, could guarantee the plugged ear safe overwintering, reach survival rate, do not need before the cuttage in spring to water.
2. the deep ploughing soil deeptillage is with 30-40 centimetre, use sufficient base manure, mu is executed 50～60 kilograms of high-quality barnyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram or nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizers, rake, harrow thin, American-European poplar is by 3 meters line-spacing routings, the middle forest poplar is by 5 meters line-spacing routings, respectively stretches 0.5 meter little furrow of doing one meter of furrow face clear span to the left and right to go axis.And steady and sure the furrow back ofs the body, the back of the body is high 35～40 centimetres, and the furrow face flattened treat cuttage.
3. by 2 meters spacing in the rows cuttages, the cuttage degree of depth is with plugged ear upper cut and ground flat (straight cutting) by 1 meter spacing in the rows, middle forest poplar for American-European poplar.
The American-European poplar of above cuttage is 3m * 1m, mu field planting 220 strains, and the middle forest poplar is 5m * 2m, 66 of mu field planting.
4. after the cuttage in winter, every strain presses a little shovel fine earth to make real, and forbids with foot-operated.
The cuttage in winter treat that next spring thaws after, water.After water oozed and should fit down in the furrow, the soil that the plugged ear upper cut is pressed was pushed aside then, and the furrow face is gone at the stand uniformly, plugged ear is basseted 2.5～3 centimetres, the cuttage in spring, water after the cuttage, the plugged ear upper cut has the soil that becomes silted up, plugged ear that can not reveal 2.5～3 centimetres on ground, treat in the furrow water ooze should fit down after, it is native to take silt off, guarantee that the plugged ear upper cut bassets 2.5～3 centimetres, add the poison bait that the furans pellet mixes with cottonseed or soya-bean cake and be sprinkling upon on the furrow face, the harm of control soil insect covers mulch film then.Behind the epiphragma, perforate on the mulch film of plugged ear upper cut allows plugged ear expose mulch film, covers the plugged ear upper cut with wet fine earth simultaneously.The sapling self-sow is exactly (do like this can solve and leak informaton, put seedling too early or the late excessively harm that brings, cause, survival rate is low, the drawback a little less than the growing way) afterwards.
6. sapling grows tall 20～30 centimetres the time, spray agricultural chemicals one time, and pest control, medication by the normal concentration dosing, arbitrarily do not strengthen dosage, in order to avoid cause poisoning based on pyrethrin pesticide.Spray date is decided on insect pest situation later on.
Woodland management and cultivation technology is:
1 year cultivation method:
One, prophase management:
1, may send many coppice shoots on a plugged ear, in the time of height of seedling 20-30 centimetre, keep one sturdy, other break off with the fingers and thumb.
2, sapling in the ranks, American-European poplar intercropping and interplanting thing must not surpass 70 centimetres wide, middle forest poplar intercropping and interplanting thing must not surpass 2.7 meters, make 1.2 meters of object distance tree row.Forbid the intercropping and interplanting thing between strain, otherwise influence the amount of growth in mid-term.
3, want insect protected, control worm, medication is based on pyrethrin pesticide, application concentration will can not arbitrarily strengthen dosage by the normal concentration dosing, in order to avoid cause poisoning, influences amount of growth, spray date is decided on insect pest situation.
4, want cultivation uproot, and rupture of membranes is blocked up, the weeds in the furrow will bury with thin wet soil; Forbid to use weed killer herbicide, more can not rupture of membranes or throw off mulch film and hoe up weeds, guarantee temperature raising, the water conservation effect of mulch film.And press a rickle fine earth at the sapling root, and the plugged ear upper cut is covered, prevent the water loss of plugged ear upper cut, simultaneously, the lodging-prevention effect is arranged also.
5, late May rises and begins fertilising, and every 0.3～0.4 jin in the urea of spreading manuer in holes, 0.2～0.3 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, potassium sulphate mix for 0.1～0.5 jin and executes (forbidding to execute potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen).Fertilising is advisable with 25 centimetres apart from sapling, and direct motion is executed, and fertilization depth is below 10 centimetres.Apply fertilizer and to water one time water in back 5 days, to satisfy the need water of willow during the wheat harvest.Water later on and decide according to damage caused by a drought, rainfall, the suitable soil relative water content of woodland should be more than 70%; Be lower than at 50% o'clock, promptly should in time pour water.Will often keep 70% soil relative moisture content, be the time that prolongs the suitable moisture content of soil in principle, promotes the steady growth of the volume of timber.
Two, middle term management:
1, early June begins to water, hoe up weeds: remove the weeds of woodland timely, forbid to use weed killer herbicide.Woodland will water in good time.
2, in time smear twig: sapling under the situation of normal growth, the twig of erasing timely, otherwise influence growing height and form.
3, insect protected, control worm: prevent and treat main position, based on control sapling growing point.Desinsection, kill ovum, it is best that agricultural chemicals is used alternatingly effect, two, the three generations cotton bollworm high-incidence season more should pay attention to, in order to avoid cause growing point to be endangered, influence trunk perfectly straight with the amount of growing tall.
4, topdress: early June begins to chase after for the second time fertile, and late July chases after fertile for the third time, and every each 0.5～0.6 jin of urea is spreaded manuer in holes into apart from sapling 30 centimeters, and the degree of depth is not less than 10 centimetres, applies fertilizer back 5 days, be in conjunction with watering.
5, ridging: will earth up to sapling from late June, every strain sapling is trained a shovel soil, waters immediately, training is 3 times continuously, trains once lodging-prevention and increase plow layer root system in per 10 days, earth culture to the position can both grow healthy and strong lateral root, plugged ear self is grown well, thereby strengthens amount of growth.
6, smear twig and stop the position: will smear twig timely along with sapling grows tall, only smear that 1.8-2 rice is high to stop to smear twig, smear twig in 1 year to stop, the twig self-sow that grows later on is exactly, otherwise smears too high form and the amount of growth of influencing of twig.
7, for generation and the harm of the various complicated pathogeny bacterium of control, should spray carbendazim 1 time, spray again one time to late August in early July.Otherwise willow due to illness worm harm influences amount of growth, causes willow early to fall leaves, stop growing or destructive disaster when serious.
Three, final-period management:
1, enter November, if day no rain of drought waters, guarantee the woodland ground moistening, relatively directly water content should be more than 18%.
2, after willow has entered the leaf fall period, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, prevent that the winter leaf is on fire, burn out willow, carry out the woodland hoe culture immediately, dark with 10 centimetres for suitable.
3, late November, 0.5 meter high on available quicklime liquid brushing trunk prevents the harm of willow pathogeny bacterium in spring in next year, worm.
1 year cultivation method:
One, prophase management:
1, little furrow change big furrow into: after thawing spring, the big furrow of 3 meters wide of the American-European Yang Gaiwei of original 1 meter wide little furrow, the middle forest poplar changes 5 meters wide big furrow into, and the original furrow back of the body is moved on between the willow strain, makes 45～50 centimetres of back of the body bottom width, carries on the back high 35～40 centimetres.
2, woodland hoe culture: carry out the woodland hoe culture, the hoe culture degree of depth in the ranks is 12～15 centimetres, between strain 4～5 centimetres.And the furrow back ofs the body is repaired complete, must not any crop of intercropping between the row strain, hoe culture must not be dark excessively, more can not plough deeply, otherwise hinder its tree root, influences amount of growth.
4, topdress:
Impose fertilizer for the first time the first tenday period of a month in May, trench digging applies, and the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, 20 centimetres of ditch depths.Apart from willow 50 centimeters, execute 0.5～0.6 jin in urea for every, 0.2～0.3 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.1～0.15 jin of potassium sulphate.
5, the extermination of disease and insect pest: willow enters vegetative period, observe disease worm harm situation.
Two, middle term management:
1, water: in time water, decide according to damage caused by a drought, rainfall, the direct water content of woodland is guaranteed more than 18% in principle.Watered one time in per 25～30 days as the sky no rain of drought.Particularly early June will be watered water thoroughly one time, needs water with willow during satisfying wheat harvest.Should fix the incomplete back of the body before watering.
2, topdress: late June begins to impose fertilizer for the second time, late July imposes fertilizer for the third time, spread manuer in holes into 15 centimetres dark, apart from willow 50 centimeters, every, execute 0.5～0.6 jin in urea at every turn, 0.3～0.4 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.1～0.15 jin of potassium sulphate, two ditches of one tree excavation apply, effect is better, and application process is with early stage.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the improvement of damage by disease and insect has important effect to guaranteeing the forest stable yields and improving lumber quality.The willow disease has physiological disease and infectious disease.Willow also is subject to the invasion and attack of crops such as pathogenic fungi, bacterium, germ, mite class and some height and falls ill, so willow will prevent and treat timely and effectively in vegetative period.Otherwise willow due to illness insect pest influences amount of growth, causes fallen leaves early when serious, stops growing or destructive disaster.
Three, final-period management:
1, late November begins intermediate cutting, the relatively poor American-European Yang Linfen of soil fertility can be every one of an intermediate cutting, between become 3 meters * 2 meters, mu stays 110, fertile soil, water quality, water source standing forest preferably can be every two of intermediate cuttings, 3 meters * 3 meters of one-tenth, and mu stays 74, but middle forest poplar intermediate cutting becomes 5 meters * 4 meters, and mu stays 33.Stub behind the intermediate cutting will be lower than ground surface 3-5 centimetre, treats next spring mid-April, with herbicide spray stub twice, seals stump with mulch film immediately, and with the earth mulch residence film of 20 cm thicks, prevents that the stub germination from influencing standing forest.
2, enter November, as the no rain of sky drought, in time water, keep the woodland ground moistening, the direct water content of soil should be more than 18%.
3, behind the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, prevent that the winter leaf is on fire, burn out willow, woodland carries out hoe culture immediately, with 10 centimetres of dark being advisable.
4, late November, upwards 0.5 meter high of available quicklime liquid brushing trunk Horizon prevents the harm of willow pathogeny bacterium in next year, worm.
The 3rd year cultivation method:
One, prophase management:
1, shaping is the competition side shoot that influences top leading shoot growth in order to cut off, and also will repair the thick competition branch in tree crown bottom and middle part along with trees grow tall, and the weak branch of liberation is repaiied minority bottom side shoot, guarantees the perfectly straight no wooden fork of trunk.
2, prune, adopt " 8 centimetres of prunings of fixed diameter ": when the diameter of trunk side shoot attachment region reaches 8 centimetres, promptly repair side shoot, prune at the beginning of 3 months, pruning should be pressed close to trunk, does not answer toothing.The instrument that uses should be sharp, and the edge of a knife should be level and smooth, must not tear and hinder bark.Otherwise toothing is too high, forms the son of dying for the sake of honour, and reduces lumber quality, should draw attention to this.
3, the fertilising of watering: the early March fertilising of watering, should apply fertilizer earlier before watering and afterwards water.Apart from 1 meter in willow, one tree is opened 3 ditches, and the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, and dark 20 centimetres, long 30 centimetres, execute 0.4～0.5 jin every of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.6～0.7 jin in urea, potassium sulphate mixes for 0.2～0.25 jin and is manured into soil, and the having peace of mind of banketing is watered immediately.
4, woodland hoe culture: after treating that woodland soil should be fitted, carry out hoe culture, 10 centimetres of the degree of depth, willow is wanted hoe culture for a long time three times in perennate, to guarantee the permeability of soil.Forbid to weed deeply, influence amount of growth otherwise hinder its willow root.
Two, middle term management:
1, the fertilising of watering: in time water, decide according to the damage caused by a drought rainfall.The direct water content of woodland soil is not less than 18% in principle.Particularly early June, guarantee water thoroughly one time, need water with willow during satisfying wheat harvest.
Late June is executed fertilizer for the second time, and late July is executed fertilizer for the third time, every, executes 0.6～0.7 jin in urea, 0.4～0.5 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.2～0.25 jin of potassium sulphate, the same prophase management of application process at every turn.
2, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the improvement of damage by disease and insect has important effect to guaranteeing the forest stable yields and improving lumber quality.The willow disease has physiological disease and infectious disease.Willow also is subject to the invasion and attack of crops such as pathogenic fungi, bacterium, germ, mite class and some height and falls ill.So willow will prevent and treat timely and effectively in vegetative period.Otherwise willow due to illness insect pest influences amount of growth, causes fallen leaves early when serious, stops growing or destructive disaster.
Three, final-period management:
1, enters November,, in time water as the no rain of sky drought.Guarantee that the direct water content of soil should guarantee the woodland ground moistening more than 18%.
2, behind the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, prevent that the winter leaf is on fire, burn out willow, woodland carries out hoe culture immediately, is advisable with 10 centimetres deeply, keeps the permeability of soil.
3, late November, upwards 0.5 meter high of available quicklime liquid brushing trunk Horizon prevents the harm of willow pathogeny bacterium in next year, worm.
The 4th year, cultivation method more than 4 years:
One, training
1, shaping is the competition side shoot that influences the major branch growth in order to cut off, and guarantees the perfectly straight no wooden fork of trunk.To repair the thick competition branch in tree crown bottom and middle part along with trees grow tall, prune repeatedly up to forming 6 meters long, perfectly straight no wooden fork, bright and clean bole.
2, prune, pruning is not have the joint good timber in order to cultivate.When the diameter of side shoot attachment region reaches 8 centimetres on the trunk below 6 meters, promptly should repair side shoot.Prune from bottom to top according to trunk diameter, till 6 meters.Can guarantee does not like this have knot beyond 8 centimetres in the bole core heart, and 8 centimetres be discarded behind the veneer of the intact plywood of rotary-cut with the interior core heart, and knot is arranged in it, and it doesn't matter.Therefore, can whether prune according to the diameter decision of trunk.
The height of pruning is roughly: 1.8 meters-3 meters of a small amount of pruning height of 1-3;
4-5 prunes and highly is 5 meters;
Pruning in 6 years highly is 6 meters, and pruning in 1 cutting cycle leaves it at that.
3, pruning coppice shoot, after the pruning, also may grow coppice shoot again on the trunk of bottom, is because the stimulation of pruning is given birth in the original place sometimes.These coppice shoots should cut off early.
Two, the fertilising of watering
The early March fertilising of watering should be applied fertilizer earlier and afterwards be watered.Late June is executed fertilizer for the second time, and late July is executed fertilizer for the third time.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are answered compounding application, execute 0.6～0.7 jin in urea for every at every turn, 0.4～0.5 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, and 0.2～0.25 jin of potassium sulphate, the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre.
Willow will be watered in the vegetative period in the middle of 1 year 3-4 time at least:
1, water green-returning water, the late March willow is watered before the germination;
2, water short unboiled water, the 5-6 month waters, and promotes branches and leaves to enlarge;
3, water during drought in summer, rainfall exempts to water for a long time;
4, freeze-up water, water November, promotes root system development.
Three, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The extermination of disease and insect pest is in order to ensure the forest stable yields and improves lumber quality, disease control, and based on the infectious disease control, at the beginning of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, early July and early August carry out in time and effectively preventing; Pest control, based on chemical control, better in conjunction with the biological synthesis regulation effect again.Administration time should be before insect pest takes place with preventing and treating, medication is with pyrethrin pesticide and flolimat or special-purpose agricultural chemicals, also can killing the ovum agricultural chemicals with desinsection, to be used alternatingly effect better.
Four, weed with a hoe
Willow should in time weed with a hoe in annual vegetative period, and the physics and the chemical property that weed with a hoe and can improve soil are eliminated the weeds that compete with willow, are measures necessary.Weeding with a hoe should be timely, and the lining is shallow outer dark, and annual 3-4 time, it is shallow to 5 centimetres in 1 meter of the trunk radius to weed with a hoe, in addition should be deeply to 10 centimetres, otherwise hinder its tree root, influence amount of growth.
Five, behind the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly.Prevent that the winter leaf is on fire, burn out willow, loosen the soil immediately, the lining is shallow outer dark, keeps the permeability of soil.
Late November can be coated with quicklime liquid and rinse upwards 0.5 meter high of trunk Horizon, prevents the harm of willow pathogeny bacterium in next year, worm.
Advantage of the present invention:
The invention solves tradition afforestation the first two years and can not guarantee the moisture and the nutrition of willow abundance, the plow layer root system is undeveloped, survival rate is low, seedling-slowing stage is long, and it is irregular to grow, and dry type is not perfectly straight satisfactory, material is poor, timber reserves is low, does not reach the requirement of match, plywood usefulness material, the difficult problem that economic benefit is low.In different regions, that the different soils quality has been carried out scale is big, the demonstration that scope is wide and put into practice, check, the gross area is 17.8 ten thousand mu.The result proves: the more traditional afforestation models of this pattern, and the survival rate height generally more than 95%, reaches as high as 100%, unslow seedling, growth is fast, and speed is given birth to then.Cuttage is then grown into forest then, and height increment is more than the 5m, to reach as high as 6m, and the breast diameter growth amount is more than the 5cm, to reach as high as 7cm, and the timber reserves height has shortened the cutting cycle, has improved economic benefit, and input-output ratio is 1: 15.6.Yield index: every mu of average annual little, middle footpath material volume of timber 3.5-3.8 cubic meter that produces, be 7 years rotation; Every mu of average annual big or middle footpath material volume of timber 3.2-3.5 cubic meter that produces, be 10 years rotation.
Embodiment
Site test research has been carried out on 24 mu of ground of bank, shop town, Accessories during Binzhou Boxing County, Shandong Xiaoqinghe River north in 1997 and 2002; The result proves: the more traditional afforestation models of this pattern, the survival rate height generally more than 95%, reaches as high as 100%, growth is fast, dry type is good, cuttage is then grown into forest then, and height increment is more than 5 meters, reach as high as 6 meters, the breast diameter growth amount is more than 5 centimetres, reaches as high as 7 centimetres, and its amount of growth is more than 1 times of amount of growth of tradition afforestation.The timber reserves height has shortened wheel and has cut down interval, has improved economic benefit, has been subjected to the approval of China Forestry Science Research Institute, the State Administration of Forestry.
Main operation is as follows:
1, gave birth to speed in 1 year that will breed and give birth to Yang Miaomu, be cut into the section of 15-16 centimeter length, be placed in the water and soaked 24-48 hour.
2, execute 50 kilograms in nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer as base manure for every mu, 30 centimetres of soil deeptillages are raked, harrow thin.American-European poplar by 5 meters line-spacings, to the left and right respectively stretches the 0.5 meter little furrow of doing 1 meter wide to go axis by 3 meters line-spacings, middle forest poplar.
3, American-European poplar is by 1 meter spacing in the rows, and the middle forest poplar is pressed 2 meters apart from cuttage (straight cutting), plugged ear upper cut and ground flat.Water after inserting, after the soil infiltration should be fitted, allow plugged ear basset 2.5-3 centimetre, spread poison bait on the furrow face, cover mulch film, perforate on the mulch film of plugged ear upper cut then allows the skewer fringe expose mulch film, and covers skewer fringe upper cut with thin wet soil.
4, height of seedling 20-30 centimetre the time, every skewer fringe stays a sturdy seedling, and breaking off with the fingers and thumb of other sprayed one time then and killed the pyrethrin pesticide pest control.
After staying sturdy seedling, carry out cultivation management according to woodland cultivation management method of the present invention in whole rotation.Emphasis has solved following 5 difficult problems:
(1) after having adopted " ridging extraneous root " to break through the fast growth poplar cuttage, plugged ear self increases depauperation, does not reach the new and high technology of trunk leading thread rugosity.Solved after willow plants the poky difficult problem of the first two years;
(2) adopted " pruning 1.8 meters in the location " (during 1 year middle term management) to break through the irregular new and high technology of afforestation back tree growth, solved a height increment and the inharmonic difficult problem of long girth growth amount;
(3) adopted " 8 centimetres of prunings of fixed diameter " to break through and cultivated the new and high technology of not having the joint good timber, solved and do not reached match, plywood a difficult problem with the material requirement;
(4) adopted and broken through the weak new and high technology of wind resistance power " density of adaptation " (comprising definite line-spacing, spacing in the rows, intermediate cutting density), having solved the difficult problem that afforestation loses woods;
(5) adopted " terminal is pruned highly 6 meters " to break through the little new and high technology of bole taperingness, solved the low difficult problem of timber reserves.
Claims (7)
1, the living poplar planting cuttage of speed, sprout building afforestation method, described willow is American-European poplar or middle forest poplar, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
One, gave birth to speed in 1 year that will breed and give birth to the section that Yang Miaomu is cut into the 15-16 centimeter length, lateral bud is apart from upper cut 1.3-1.5 centimetre;
Two, soaking 1-2 days among the Duan Zaishui that cuts, treat cuttage;
Three, cuttage:
(1) cuttage in winter need guarantee that the direct water content of soil is more than 18%;
(2) the deep ploughing soil deeptillage is 30-40 centimetre, use sufficient base manure, mu is executed 50～60 kilograms of barnyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram or nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizers, rake, harrow thin, American-European poplar is by 3 meters line-spacing routings, and the middle forest poplar is by 5 meters line-spacing routings, respectively stretches 0.5 meter furrow of doing one meter of furrow face clear span to the left and right to go axis, and steady and sure the furrow back ofs the body, the back of the body is high 35～40 centimetres, and the furrow face flattened treat cuttage;
(3) American-European poplar is pressed 2 meters spacing in the rows cuttages by 1 meter spacing in the rows, middle forest poplar, and the cuttage degree of depth is with plugged ear upper cut and ground flat;
(4) after the cuttage in winter, every strain presses a little shovel fine earth to make real;
(5) cuttage in winter treat that next spring thaws after, water, after water oozes and suits down in the furrow, the soil that the plugged ear upper cut is pressed is pushed aside, the furrow face is gone at the stand uniformly, plugged ear is basseted 2.5～3 centimetres, the cuttage in spring, water after inserting, guarantee that the plugged ear upper cut bassets 2.5～3 centimetres, add the furans pellet with cottonseed or soya-bean cake and mix poison bait and be sprinkling upon on the furrow face, the harm of control soil insect covers mulch film then, behind the epiphragma, perforate on the mulch film of plugged ear upper cut allows plugged ear expose mulch film, covers the plugged ear upper cut with wet fine earth simultaneously;
(6) sapling grows tall 20～30 centimetres the time, spraying pesticide, pest control;
Four, sprout building afforestation:
Carry out the woodland management and cultivation;
Every mu of average annual little, middle footpath material volume of timber 3.5-3.8 cubic meter that produces, be 7 years rotation; Every mu of average annual big or middle footpath material volume of timber 3.2-3.5 cubic meter that produces, be 10 years rotation.
2, the living poplar planting cuttage of speed according to claim 1, sprout building afforestation method is characterized in that the management and cultivation method of described sprout building afforestation is:
(1) first year cultivation method:
A, prophase management:
(1), in the time of height of seedling 20-30 centimetre, keep one sturdy, break other many coppice shoots off with the fingers and thumb;
(2), sapling in the ranks, American-European poplar intercropping and interplanting thing must not surpass 70 centimetres wide, middle forest poplar intercropping and interplanting thing must not surpass 2.7 meters, make 1.2 meters of object distance tree row, forbids the intercropping and interplanting thing between strain;
(3), spraying pesticide, insect protected, control worm, medication is based on pyrethrin pesticide;
(4), press a rickle fine earth, the plugged ear upper cut is covered at the sapling root;
(5), late May rises and begins fertilising, every 0.3～0.4 jin in the urea of spreading manuer in holes, 0.2～0.3 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, potassium sulphate mix for 0.1～0.5 jin and execute, fertilising is advisable with 25～30 centimetres apart from sapling, direct motion is executed, fertilization depth is below 10 centimetres, apply fertilizer and to water water one time in back 5 days, and keep the suitable soil relative water content of woodland more than 70%;
B, middle term management:
(1), early June begins to water, hoe up weeds;
(2), the twig of in time erasing;
(3), insect protected, control worm;
(4), topdress: early June begins to chase after fertilizer for the second time, and late July chases after fertile for the third time, every each 0.5～0.6 jin of urea, apart from sapling 30 centimeters, the degree of depth is not less than 10 centimetres, applies fertilizer and waters in back 5 days.
(5), ridging: will earth up to sapling from late June, every strain sapling is trained a shovel soil, waters immediately, trains continuously 3 times, and training in per 10 days once;
(6), smear twig and stop the position: only smear that 1.8-2 rice is high to stop to smear twig;
(7), prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
C, final-period management:
(1), enter November, water, guarantee the woodland ground moistening, relatively directly water content should be more than 18%;
(2), after willow entered the leaf fall period, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, carry out the woodland hoe culture immediately, dark with 10 centimetres for suitable;
(3), late November, with 0.5 meter high on quicklime liquid brushing trunk;
(2) second years cultivation methods
A, prophase management:
(1), little furrow change big furrow into: after thawing spring, the big furrow of 3 meters wide of the American-European Yang Gaiwei of original 1 meter wide little furrow, the middle forest poplar changes 5 meters wide big furrow into, and the original furrow back of the body is moved on between the willow strain, makes 45～50 centimetres of back of the body bottom width, carries on the back high 35～40 centimetres;
(2), woodland hoe culture: the hoe culture degree of depth in the ranks is 12～15 centimetres, between strain 4～5 centimetres;
(3), topdress: impose fertilizer for the first time the first tenday period of a month in May, trench digging applies, and the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, and 20 centimetres of ditch depths apart from willow 50 centimeters, are executed 0.5～0.6 jin in urea for every, 0.2～0.3 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.1～0.15 jin of potassium sulphate;
(4), the extermination of disease and insect pest: willow enters vegetative period, timely and effective prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
B, middle term management:
(1), water: in time water, the direct water content of woodland is guaranteed more than 18%;
(2), topdress: late June begins to impose fertilizer for the second time, and day late July imposes fertilizer for the third time, spread manuer in holes into 15 centimetres dark, apart from willow 50 centimeters, every, execute 0.5～0.6 jin in urea, 0.3～0.4 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.1～0.15 jin of potassium sulphate at every turn;
(3), timely and effective prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
C, final-period management:
(1), late November begins intermediate cutting, the relatively poor American-European Yang Linfen of soil fertility is every one of an intermediate cutting, becomes 3 meters * 2 meters, fertile soil, water quality, water source standing forest preferably become 3 meters * 3 meters every two of intermediate cuttings, middle forest poplar intermediate cutting becomes 5 meters * 4 meters;
(2), enter November, in time water, keep the woodland ground moistening, the direct water content of soil should be more than 18%;
(3), behind the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, woodland carries out hoe culture immediately, with 10 centimetres of dark being advisable;
(4), late November, with upwards 0.5 meter high of quicklime liquid brushing trunk Horizon;
(3), the 3rd year cultivation method
A, prophase management:
(1), shaping, cut off the competition side shoot that influences the growth of top leading shoot;
(2), " 8 centimetres of prunings of fixed diameter " are adopted in pruning at the beginning of 3 months: repair side shoot when the diameter of trunk side shoot attachment region reaches 8 centimetres;
(3), the fertilising of watering: the early March fertilising of watering, apart from 1 meter in willow, one tree is opened 3 ditches, the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, and dark 20 centimetres, long 30 centimetres, execute 0.4～0.5 jin every of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.6～0.7 jin in urea, 0.2～0.25 jin of potassium sulphate, the having peace of mind of banketing is watered immediately;
(4), the woodland hoe culture: 10 centimetres of the hoe culture degree of depth, willow is wanted hoe culture for a long time three times in perennate;
B, middle term management:
(1), the fertilising of watering: guarantee that the direct water content of woodland soil is not less than 18%;
Late June is executed fertilizer for the second time, and late July is executed fertilizer for the third time, executes 0.6～0.7 jin in urea for every at every turn, 0.4～0.5 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.2～0.25 jin of potassium sulphate;
(2), the extermination of disease and insect pest: timely and effective prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
C, final-period management:
(1), enter November, in time water, guarantee that the direct water content of soil should be more than 18%;
(2), behind the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, woodland carries out hoe culture immediately, is advisable with 10 centimetres deeply;
(3), late November, with upwards 0.5 meter high of quicklime liquid brushing trunk Horizon;
(4), the 4th year, cultivation method more than 4 years
A, training
(1), shaping, cut off the competition side shoot that influences the growth of top leading shoot, prune repeatedly up to forming 6 meters high, perfectly straight no wooden fork, bright and clean bole;
(2), prune: when the diameter of side shoot attachment region reaches 8 centimetres on the trunk below 6 meters, promptly should repair side shoot, prune from bottom to top according to trunk diameter, till 6 meters;
The height of pruning is roughly: 1.8 meters-3 meters of a small amount of shape pruning height of 1-3;
4-5 prunes and highly is 5 meters;
Pruning in 6 years highly is 6 meters, and pruning in 1 cutting cycle leaves it at that;
(3), prune coppice shoot;
B, the fertilising of watering
The early March fertilising of watering should be applied fertilizer earlier and afterwards be watered.Late June is executed fertilizer for the second time, and late July is executed fertilizer for the third time, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer compounding application, be every and execute 0.6～0.7 kilogram in urea at every turn, 0.4～0.5 jin of phosphoric acid diamino, 0.2～0.25 jin of potassium sulphate, the position of ditch is consistent with the tree crown projection, ditch depth 20-30 centimetre;
Willow will be watered in the vegetative period in the middle of 1 year 3-4 time at least:
A, water green-returning water, the late March willow is watered before germinateing;
B, water short unboiled water, the 5-6 month waters;
Water when c, drought in summer;
D, freeze-up water, water November, promotes root system development;
C, the extermination of disease and insect pest
At the beginning of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, early July and early August carry out in time and effectively preventing;
D, weed with a hoe
Willow should in time weed with a hoe in annual vegetative period, and annual 3-4 time, it is shallow to 5 centimetres in 1 meter of the trunk radius to weed with a hoe, in addition should be deeply to 10 centimetres;
Behind E, the willow fallen leaves, leaf is gone out woodland clearly, loosen the soil immediately, the lining is shallow outer dark;
Late November is coated with quicklime liquid and rinses upwards 0.5 meter high of trunk Horizon.
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| CN104938291A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | 徐军 | Method for achieving waste mountain afforestation by using pine tree cutting seedlings |
| CN104705146A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 陈争峰 | Method of seedling management for fast growing poplars at northeast part |
| CN104920138B (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-07-07 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The method of nursery stock drought stress pretreatment before Southern Pine afforestation |
| CN108834729A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-20 | 通化浩瀚林业有限公司 | A kind of Fast growth poplar woods high-yield cultivating method |
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| 当前杨树丰产林栽培中的问题与措施 郑国福等.山东林业科技，第3期 2005 * |
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