CN108782049A - Make high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower - Google Patents
Make high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782049A CN108782049A CN201810644868.3A CN201810644868A CN108782049A CN 108782049 A CN108782049 A CN 108782049A CN 201810644868 A CN201810644868 A CN 201810644868A CN 108782049 A CN108782049 A CN 108782049A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
Make high-yield planting method between a kind of salt-soda soil quinoa of present invention proposition and sunflower, includes the steps that physically improved, mechanical improvement, chemical modifying and sowing step are carried out to soil；It is described physically improved to be：The intermediate gradient high, surrounding is low is reserved on the ground in field, the low edge of surrounding sets field bund in field, ground is surrounded, and the drainage trenching on the outside of field bund；Water is filled into field by the way of quick flood irrigation, keeps the water surface to be above the ground level 20cm, water conservation 10-15h, makes to ooze below ground at least 30cm under water；The field bund of field surrounding is dug out into discharge outlet simultaneously, carries out a salt discharge, make water in field from the discharge outlet of surrounding while being expelled in gutter；The present invention first carries out salt discharge to field, reduces soil salinity and alkalinity, is then carrying out mechanical improvement and chemical modifying, and control saline and alkaline meets technological requirement, sowed, and prevents the problem of quinoa seed and sunflower are from germination and emergence so as to avoid because of saline and alkaline height.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to make high-yield planting between quinoa planting technology field more particularly to a kind of salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower
Method.
Background technology
With the increasingly raising of living standard, demand of the people to white wine is no longer confined to mouthfeel, odor type, wine degree, to white wine
Contained beneficiating ingredient prefers white wine beneficial to health there has also been more concerns.Quinoa is the complete egg of the full nutrition of full paddy
White base-forming food, nutritive value is abundant, rich in all 9 kinds of amino acid needed by human, rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium
Etc. several mineral materials there is low courage rich in a variety of nutriments such as unsaturated fatty acid, flavonoids, B family vitamin, vitamin E
The advantages that sterol, low in calories, low fat.
In the Northwest, especially Ningxia, China, field belongs to salt-soda soil more, that is, and soil salt and alkali content is good, and pH value is high, this
It is very unfavorable to plant growth, most plants cannot be grown, for quinoa, the not extremely strong crop of alkali resistance, nor
The acid crop of happiness so quinoa growth needs the soil of neutral weak base, and plants quinoa, it is necessary to control soil salt in northwest
Basicity cannot be too high.
Invention content
It is necessary to propose it is a kind of by reduce soil salinity and alkalinity salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower between make high-yield planting method.
Make high-yield planting method between a kind of salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower, includes carrying out soil to planting the field of quinoa to change
The step of good and sowing：
The soil improvement includes physically improved, mechanical improvement, chemical modifying；
It is described physically improved to be：
The intermediate gradient high, surrounding is low is reserved on the ground in field, the low edge of surrounding sets field bund in field, by ground bread
It encloses, and the drainage trenching on the outside of field bund；
Water is filled into field by the way of quick flood irrigation, keeps the water surface to be above the ground level 20cm, water conservation 10-15h, makes to ooze ground under water
At least 30cm below face；
The field bund of field surrounding is dug out into discharge outlet, carries out a salt discharge, make water in field from the discharge outlet of surrounding while being arranged
Go out to gutter；
The mechanical improvement：
The field finished to a salt discharge is loosened the soil, opportunity of loosening the soil be after a salt discharge ground moistening be not bonded, not holding block, pine
Native depth is below ground at least 20cm；
Ground leveling after loosening the soil, keeps among the ground in field and surrounding is smooth, no gradient；
The chemical modifying is：
Acid organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure are applied to field, to reduce the pH value of soil；
The sowing is：
It first applies fertilizer to the subsoil, quinoa seed and sunflower seeds is in the ranks sowed according to different travelings respectively, and line-spacing to field
More than spacing in the rows.
The present invention carries out salt discharge to field first, reduces soil salinity and alkalinity, is then carrying out mechanical improvement and chemical modifying,
Control saline and alkaline meets technological requirement, then is sowed, and prevents seed from germination and emergence so as to avoid because of saline and alkaline height
Problem；Secondly use interculture for sunflower, sunflower belongs to drought-enduring type crop with quinoa, and irrigation program is identical, crop
Growth cycle is similar, similar to fertilizer nutrient, and Helianthus can not only make full use of field after industrial crops, work
Ground, and the economic value in field can be improved, increase the income of peasant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the field salt discharge schematic top plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the field salt discharge schematic front view of the present invention.
In figure：Field bund 10, gutter 20.
Specific implementation mode
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, common for this field
For technical staff, without creative efforts, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides making high-yield planting method between a kind of salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower,
Include the steps that carrying out soil improvement and sowing to planting the field of quinoa：
The soil improvement includes physically improved, mechanical improvement, chemical modifying；
It is described physically improved to be：
The intermediate gradient high, surrounding is low is reserved on the ground in field, the low edge of surrounding sets field bund 10 in field, by ground
It surrounds, and in 10 outside drainage trenching 20 of field bund；
Water is filled into field by the way of quick flood irrigation, keeps the water surface to be above the ground level 20cm, water conservation 10-15h, makes to ooze ground under water
At least 30cm below face；
The field bund 10 of field surrounding is dug out into discharge outlet, carries out a salt discharge, make water in field from the discharge outlet of surrounding simultaneously
It is expelled in gutter 20；
Salt discharge is carried out in such a way that intermediate high surrounding is low so that the water after flood irrigation fully dissolves the salt and alkali component in soil, this
When due to having dissolved a large amount of salt and alkali component in these water, need quickly to be discharged, so by the way of surrounding discharge, so not
The distance that dissolving water discharge field can only be shortened, when accelerating the velocity of discharge, and being discharged, dissolving water is earthward surrounding diffusion
, diffusion area is big, and dispersal direction is identical, is all to flow out around, takes the salt and alkali component dissolved in water to field as possible in this way
Around ground, then from surrounding be discharged.Make the salt and alkali component content uniformity of entire field soil in this way, there is no local contents
High or high one side content problem.
The mechanical improvement：
The field finished to a salt discharge is loosened the soil, opportunity of loosening the soil be after a salt discharge ground moistening be not bonded, not holding block, pine
Native depth is below ground at least 20cm；
Ground leveling after loosening the soil, keeps among the ground in field and surrounding is smooth, no gradient；
Loosening the soil after salt discharge is essential, and after a salt discharge, the salt and alkali component in soil is dissolved in water, and dissolving water is fast
Speed discharge so that the moisture retained in soil is few, for the preservation of soil moisture, loosens the soil immediately when soil not viscous shoes,
Make loosing soil covering on the ground, keeps below ground moisture in soil to be not vaporized lost, and if missed when loosening the soil
Between, soil parches caking, and breach, this is, the moisture inside soil is evaporated lost along breach, and the moisture in soil is very little,
Quinoa cannot after planting germinate because lacking moisture, emerge.
The chemical modifying is：
Acid organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure are applied to field, to reduce the pH value of soil；
The sowing is：
It first applies fertilizer to the subsoil, quinoa seed and sunflower seeds is in the ranks sowed according to different travelings respectively, and line-spacing to field
More than spacing in the rows.
Further, after a salt discharge, on ground when humidity, 10 inner distance field bund of field bund, 10 first distance is taken
Soil sampling in range carries out saline and alkaline detection to soil sample, when saline and alkaline is higher than technological requirement, needs to carry out secondary salt discharge, and two
The step of secondary salt discharge is：The irrigation water into field, the circle for ranging from surrounding ridge and irrigating of irrigation water, irrigates the liftoff ridge of identity distance
10 distance is more than the first distance, so that irrigation water all covers on the high ground of saline and alkaline, after water conservation is no less than 10h, simultaneously
The field bund 10 of field surrounding is dug out into discharge outlet, carries out secondary salt discharge.
In secondary salt discharge by the way of localized irrigation, part salt discharge, not only saves water resource, shortens irrigation time, and
And the surrounding soil for containing relatively high salt alkali content because of a salt discharge is improved, pH value is reduced, while also not
Can because secondary salt discharge and the soil qualified to intermediate pH value is irrigated again, avoid the stream of the nutrient of intermediate soil
It loses.
Further, it in the chemical modifying the step of, first carries out bio-bacterial manure and applies, then apply carrying out acid organic fertilizer
It spreads, is first applied when bio-bacterial manure applies on the ground, drying is no more than 5h, then ploughs, bio-bacterial manure is earthed
In earth, keeps 12h and then apply acid organic fertilizer.
Due to being rich in microorganism in bio-bacterial manure, ammonia, purpose of the drying no more than 5h are discharged after the active activity of microorganism
It is first to discharge these ammonias, avoids after placing into the soil, ammonia takes away the moisture in soil when being discharged, then bio-bacterial manure is embedded to
12h is kept after soil, it is therefore intended that allow the microorganism in bio-bacterial manure to adapt to existence in the environment of dark moistening in the soil, with
N P and K ingredient is provided for soil.Acid organic fertilizer is chemical fertilizer, it is separately applied with bio-bacterial manure, avoiding chemistry has
Injury of the machine fertilizer to microorganism.
Further, it when the sowing, is sowed using the intercropping system of two row quinoa a line sunflowers, and sunflower and quinoa
Between line-spacing be more than line-spacing between quinoa and quinoa.
Since quinoa blade belongs to long narrow shape, and the blade of sunflower is in palm shape, and area is big, and the area that keeps out the wind is also big, in order to
Increase the ventilation effect inside field, so the line-spacing of sunflower both sides is stayed larger so that wind is along capable direction to field
Ground internal circulation, avoiding plant, temperature is excessively high due to the heat of metabolism release cannot scatter and disappear and stale air is made
It is dead at plant shortage carbon dioxide.
Further, before the sowing, first sunflower seeds are coated, are basked seeds and vernalization, coating will using imidacloprid
Seed first wraps up, and it is to ted the seed after coating 2-3 days in sunny place to bask seeds, and vernalization is by seed at 25 DEG C -30
DEG C warm water impregnate 3-4h, pull out and spread out, diel is stacked in 15 DEG C -20 DEG C of greenhouse, is sowed later.
Further, following steps also are set after chemical modifying step：
Ditch cleaning is earthed up and top dressing：12~18 leaf phase of height of seedling carries out soil the removing of weeds, using foliage-spray, pours the side applied
Method, to staying remaining tender seedling to carry out top dressing；
Prevent pest and disease damage.
Further, the setting management moisture step also after sowing：After sowing, in rainy season, gutter 20 is carried out clearly
Ditch keeps draining unobstructed, is irrigated, is kept the skin wet according to soil moisture content situation in dry season.
Quinoa using intercropping plant of the present invention and sunflower, the average sowing seed number in field per acre of quinoa, emergence
Number, survival rate, see the table below 1 per per mu yield at emergence rate, the average sowing seed number in field per acre of sunflower, emergence number, emergence
Rate, survival rate see the table below 2 per per mu yield：
Table 1
| Sowing（Tree） | Emergence（Tree） | Emergence rate | Survival rate | Per per mu yield |
| 3333 | 3238 | 97.14% | 95.16% | 300~400 jin |
| 4666 | 4532 | 96.93% | 95.71% | 450~570 jin |
Table 2
| Sowing（Tree） | Emergence（Tree） | Emergence rate | Survival rate | Per per mu yield |
| 1667 | 1639 | 98.32% | 96.25% | 200~300 jin |
| 1998 | 1949 | 97.56% | 96.43% | 250~350 jin |
Survival rate method of counting is obtained as radix using the seedling of emergence, i.e., is obtained into line trace to the seedling of emergence.
And use the contrast test data such as following table of conventional method plantation quinoa and sunflower：It broadcasts in the average field per acre of quinoa
Kind seed number, emergence rate, survival rate, see the table below 3 per per mu yield at emergence number, the sowing seed in the average field per acre of sunflower
Number, emergence number, emergence rate, survival rate, every per mu yield see the table below 4：
Table 3
| Sowing（Tree） | Emergence（Tree） | Emergence rate | Survival rate | Per per mu yield |
| 3333 | 2813 | 84.40% | 83.47% | 250~350 jin |
| 4666 | 3896 | 83.50% | 83.32% | 350~500 jin |
Table 4
| Sowing（Tree） | Emergence（Tree） | Emergence rate | Survival rate | Per per mu yield |
| 1667 | 1494 | 89.63% | 88.32% | 150~250 jin |
| 1998 | 1785 | 89.32% | 87.62% | 200~300 jin |
Upper table is compared it is found that according to the quinoa of the method for the present invention plantation and 1 table 2 of table and conventional method kind of sunflower test data
3 table 4 of the table comparison for planting quinoa and the test data of sunflower is available, and salt-soda soil plantation quinoa method of the invention plants to obtain
Quinoa bud ratio, survival rate and higher per per mu yield, be greatly improved the utility value in salt-soda soil, increase salt-soda soil quinoa
The income per acre of plantation.
Module or unit in device of the embodiment of the present invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, those skilled in the art can understand all or part of the processes for realizing the above embodiment, and is wanted according to right of the present invention
Equivalent variations made by asking, still belong to the scope covered by the invention.
Claims (7)
1. making high-yield planting method between a kind of salt-soda soil quinoa and sunflower, it is characterised in that walked including soil improvement and sowing
Suddenly：
The soil improvement includes physically improved, mechanical improvement, chemical modifying；
It is described physically improved to be：
The intermediate gradient high, surrounding is low is reserved on the ground in field, the low edge of surrounding sets field bund in field, by ground bread
It encloses, and the drainage trenching on the outside of field bund；
Water is filled into field by the way of quick flood irrigation, keeps the water surface to be above the ground level 20cm, water conservation 10-15h, makes to ooze ground under water
At least 30cm below face；
The field bund of field surrounding is dug out into discharge outlet, carries out a salt discharge, make water in field from the discharge outlet of surrounding while being arranged
Go out to gutter；
The mechanical improvement is：
The field finished to a salt discharge is loosened the soil, opportunity of loosening the soil be after a salt discharge ground moistening be not bonded, not holding block, pine
Native depth is below ground at least 20cm；
Ground leveling after loosening the soil, keeps among the ground in field and surrounding is smooth, no gradient；
The chemical modifying is：
Acid organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial manure are applied to field, to reduce the pH value of soil；
The sowing is：
It first applies fertilizer to the subsoil, quinoa seed and sunflower seeds is in the ranks sowed according to different travelings respectively, and line-spacing to field
More than spacing in the rows.
2. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as described in claim 1 and sunflower, it is characterised in that further include with
Lower step：
After a salt discharge, on ground when humidity, the soil sampling in the range of of field bund inner distance field bund first is taken, it is right
The step of soil sample carries out saline and alkaline detection, when saline and alkaline is higher than technological requirement, needs to carry out secondary salt discharge, secondary salt discharge be：
The irrigation water into field, the circle for ranging from surrounding ridge and irrigating of irrigation water, the distance for irrigating the liftoff ridge of identity distance are more than first
After water conservation is no less than 10h, the field bund of field surrounding is dug out so that irrigation water all covers on saline and alkaline high ground for distance
Discharge outlet carries out secondary salt discharge.
3. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as described in claim 1 and sunflower, it is characterised in that：Change in chemistry
It in good step, first carries out bio-bacterial manure and applies, then apply in the acid organic fertilizer of progress, first applied when bio-bacterial manure applies
On ground, drying is no more than 5h, then ploughs, and during bio-bacterial manure is placed into the soil, keeps 12h and then applies acid
Property organic fertilizer.
4. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as described in claim 1 and sunflower, it is characterised in that：The sowing
When, it is sowed using the intercropping system of two row quinoa a line sunflowers, and the line-spacing between sunflower and quinoa is more than quinoa and lamb's-quarters
Line-spacing between wheat.
5. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as described in claim 1 and sunflower, it is characterised in that：The sowing
Before, first sunflower seeds are coated, are basked seeds and vernalization, coating is first wrapped up seed using imidacloprid, and it is that will be coated to bask seeds
Seed afterwards teds 2-3 days in sunny place, and vernalization is that seed is impregnated 3-4h in 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of warm water, is pulled out
It spreads out, diel is stacked in 15 DEG C -20 DEG C of greenhouse, is sowed later.
6. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as described in claim 1 and sunflower, it is characterised in that also sowing
Following steps are set after step：
Ditch cleaning is earthed up and top dressing：12~18 leaf phase of quinoa height of seedling carries out soil the removing of weeds, using foliage-spray, pours and apply
Method, to staying remaining tender seedling to carry out top dressing；
Prevent pest and disease damage.
7. making high-yield planting method between salt-soda soil quinoa as claimed in claim 6 and sunflower, it is characterised in that：Also sowing
The moisture step of setting management later：After sowing, in rainy season, ditch cleaning is carried out to gutter, keeps draining unobstructed, in dry season, according to
It according to soil moisture content situation, is irrigated, is kept the skin wet.
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| CN201810644868.3A CN108782049B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | High-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN201810644868.3A CN108782049B (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2018-06-21 | High-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110574517A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-17 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | ramie field transformation method |
| CN111386989A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-10 | 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院（延边特产研究所） | Chenopodium quinoa planting and cultivating method, chenopodium quinoa rice wine and making method thereof |
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| CN108782049B (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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