CN103404357B - Keep a full stand of seedings method in cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field - Google Patents
Keep a full stand of seedings method in cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field to keep a full stand of seedings method, the method adopts to be waited to broadcast smart amount seed preparation, start broadcasting the phase, sowing depth, ground film type and cropping pattern thereof to determine etc. that step completes, by investigating use the method for the invention and contrast cotton field emergence rate, result shows: adopt the method for the invention demonstration to use its survival rate of seedlings to be 86.1-94.2%, not only realize higher survival rate of seedlings, realize cotton field simultaneously and reach high yield level, land for growing field crops multi-point average survival rate of seedlings is 86.8%, and periphery contrast is 76.3%, land for growing field crops differs 10.5 percentage points with contrast, obvious the method for the invention can improve survival rate of seedlings greatly, reach re-set target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field to keep a full stand of seedings method.
Background technology
Realize precision cotton drilling by agricultural mechanical operation mode and not only can save seed, also recruitment can be reduced, increase substantially efficiency, effectively overcome the difficult problem that the follow-up labour intensity of non-precision drilling is large, be widely applied in developed country, but less developed country abroad, because scientific and technological level and labor cost are all lower, substantially do not apply precision cotton drilling method.
Further investigation shows: occur hole and " many, a cave " phenomenon in a large number in developed country's precision drilling cotton field, survival rate of seedlings is lower, is only 65-76%, obviously has a negative impact to yield and quality, production loss is in 15-21% scope according to a preliminary estimate, and quality also has obvious decline.Above phenomenon, except with abroad, particularly uses American air-aspiration type precision planter relevant, also has substantial connection with the method for keeping a full stand of seedings not having research and extension application precision cotton drilling cotton field to match.
Less developed country does not generally adopt precision cotton drilling abroad, more do not have corresponding precision cotton drilling keep a full stand of seedings technique study report.
Due to the rapid increasing of domestic labour's recruitment cost in recent years, along with succeeding in developing of Xinjiang mechanical type precision sower, make Xinjiang realize large area " one, a cave " precision drilling fast to come true, but successfully develop precision sower and solve only mechanical problem, but do not solve the method for keeping a full stand of seedings that precision drilling cotton field matches.Other cotton region domestic, because substantially not having application machine formula precision drilling method, does not thus have referential supporting method of keeping a full stand of seedings yet.
Due to existing national economy plant fiber class corresponding seed quality criteria (GB4407.1-2008), more than 80% is regarded as to the standard of cotton germination rate index, cause Cotton Production in reality to plant average germination percentage less than 84%.The seed of this quality standard is applicable to non-precision drilling, and is not suitable for precision drilling, thus in the urgent need to proposing applicable precision drilling cotton field germination rate standard and production method thereof.
Analysis shows: in reality, the main cause of production kind of average germination percentage less than 84% is that existing cotton seeds exists ripe poor yellow seed, even flat seed, and the problem such as broken seed.It is considered herein that and determine to select with picking equipment by seed-breeding field, solve the yellow seed of cotton seeds and flat seed problem; The processing of kind unginned cotton can select impact cutter type roller cotton gin, and adjusts its running parameter, then by the broken machine of cotton seed choosing, the broken seed problem of basic solution.Inventor for existing cotton ginning mill skilled worker debug cotton roller gin time, only rely on the adjustment method that its specification provides, do not have other can reference again, because cotton gin coincidence spacing thought by existing specification, spacing two key parameter adjustment in dead point are according to medium staple cotton fiber length type and rank, on this basis, adjustable parameter magnitudes is too large, cause cotton working (machining) efficiency low, even produce more serious broken seed phenomenon, specification does not give necessary explanation to Xinjiang island cotton parameter adjustment, Xinjiang island cotton is caused to add man-hour, Parameters on Roller Gin adjustment can only rely on experience.It is considered herein that the adjustment of cotton roller gin running parameter completely can according to gross cottonseed size, adjustment cotton gin coincidence spacing, dead point spacing parameter, the method not only solves the problem that upland cotton machined parameters adjusts bad assurance, also solves Xinjiang island cotton machined parameters adjustment problem preferably.
Consider that usually said germination rate obtains under light, temperature, water, the good environment of gas, and in reality inevitably there is the adverse environment such as soil moisture, temperature, illumination in Xinjiang main product cotton region spring, in reality, smart amount Cotton Seed rate is less than 84%, adding does not have research and extension to apply the cotton field matched with the precision drilling of existing Xinjiang to keep a full stand of seedings method, cause having quite a few " one, a cave " precision drilling cotton field survival rate of seedlings to be only about 75%, the more original non-precision drilling cotton field decline 5-12% of survival rate of seedlings.For 2013, the cotton planting great Xian cotton field multiple spot investigation such as in Markit County, Xinjiang, Bachu County, Shache County, Awat County, Xinhe County, Shaya County, Korla City, Weili County, the average survival rate of seedlings in nonoculture cotton field only has 81.6%, fruit cotton intercropping cotton field survival rate of seedlings only has 74.2%, tool at least causes production loss 12% because emergence rate is low according to a preliminary estimate, and thus solving the not high problem of precision drilling cotton field survival rate of seedlings has become a production difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
In a word, developed countries is for pursuing comparatively high efficiency, add its cotton precision sowing machine transaction capabilities not as good as cotton in Xinjiang precision sower, and do not carry out the research and apply work of method that precision cotton drilling cotton field kept a full stand of seedings, external seedling protecting effect is generally poor, although Xinjiang precision sower mature and reliable, because precision sower is shorter at Xinjiang Applicative time, the method that other cotton region domestic accumulates in precision drilling is almost blank.Up to now, the domestic research report carrying out related system less than method of keeping a full stand of seedings for precision drilling cotton field, Xinjiang, in production, precision drilling cotton field seedling protecting effect is generally undesirable;
Considering that the precision drilling cotton field of applied science method of keeping a full stand of seedings is the key realizing the higher survival rate of seedlings of Cotton Fields in Xinjiang, is one of most important basis of establishing cotton in Xinjiang high yield.The present invention, according to research in recent years and investigation result, proposes cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field and to keep a full stand of seedings method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, a kind of cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field is provided to keep a full stand of seedings method, the method adopts to be waited to broadcast smart amount seed preparation, start broadcasting the phase, sowing depth and ground film type and cropping pattern to determine etc. that step completes, by the multiple spot land for growing field crops investigation to the method for the invention and contrast cotton field emergence rate, result shows: adopt the average emergence rate of the method for the invention to be 86.8%, and contrast does not adopt the inventive method emergence rate to be 76.3%, differ 10.5 percentage points, substantially increase survival rate of seedlings, reach re-set target, the higher survival rate of seedlings in precision drilling cotton field can be realized by the method.
Keeping a full stand of seedings method in a kind of cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field of the present invention, follows these steps to carry out:
Wait to broadcast smart amount seed preparation:
A, kind unginned cotton are produced: the kind unginned cotton of precision drilling is produced in the more sufficient area of sunlight-heat reaources, Northern Xinjiang kind unginned cotton is long-term temperature >=10 DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4000-4250 DEG C in South Sinkiang, frost-free season 185-205 expands numerous production in a days cotton region, South Sinkiang kind unginned cotton is DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4100-4350 DEG C in long-term temperature >=10, and numerous production is expanded in the cotton region of frost-free season 195-215 days;
B, kind unginned cotton are processed: adopt impact cutter type roller cotton gin that unginned cotton is processed into gross cottonseed, cotton gin coincidence spacing, dead point spacing parameter are according to gross cottonseed size, dead point spacing is generally the 42-50% in gross cottonseed waist footpath, and coincidence spacing is the 47-55% of dead point spacing;
C, seeds processing: again by gross cottonseed, be processed into light seed through the chemistry of routine or the method for physics lint, and after selected and dressing, wait to broadcast, essence is measured and waited that sowing sub-seed refers to that, for 9.7-11.9g, germination rate is stabilized between 87.0-96.0%;
Determine the phase of starting broadcasting:
D, sand heavier or sandy loam phase of starting broadcasting is April 7, and soil stickiness heavier and humidity larger cotton field phase of starting broadcasting is 14-20 day in April;
Sowing depth is determined:
E, clay and loam cotton field sowing depth are 2.2-2.6cm, and non-clay or sand soil cotton field are 2.8-3.0cm, on average the little 0.5-1.3cm of more non-precision drilling cotton field sowing depth;
Film type and cropping pattern thereof definitely:
F, adopt wide 230-235cm, the mulch film (1) of thick 0.008-0.01mm covers, mulch film (1) both sides are buried in the earth, its mulch film be buried in the earth (1) width is 6-8cm, visible mulch film (1) width in mulch film (1) upper both sides cotton planting capable (2) outside is 9.5-11.5cm, and carry out the staggered planting patterns of a wide row (3) narrow row (4), spacing in the rows is 12.0-13.5cm, line-spacing is 31.0-33.0cm, wide interline position under irrigate band (5) are laid on film.
In step f, narrow row (4) spacing is 15-19cm, and wide row (3) spacing is 40.0-45.0cm;
Early sowing in step f, air port or temperature are on the low side, and cotton field adopts mulch film (1) two-membrane process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Produced the kind unginned cotton of carrying out to plant applicable South Sinkiang with new varieties yielding Demonstration field in 2011 at Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, cotton seed stock breeding station three branch, Awat County, Xinjiang cotton seeds to produce, area is 2100.2 mu, this point is positioned at how unrestrained Kui Teman reclamation area, Awat County, Xinjiang, north latitude N40 ° 43 ' 25 "; east longitude E80 ° 24 ' 15 ", its natural ecological condition is suitable for cotton planting, and this cotton field is all winter irrigation field, and irrigation volume is 180-210m
3/ mu; Base manure input amount is: urea by 20-25%, the 65-75% of phosphate fertilizer of total fertilizing amount, the 65-75% of potash fertilizer and barnyard manure (or dregs of fat) 100% as base manure, base manure specifically drops into fertilizer type and quantity: urea (containing N46%) 15kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate (N14%-18%, P
2o
546%-50%) 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate (K
2o48%-52%) 10kg/ mu, dregs of fat 100-120kg/ mu;
Kind unginned cotton is produced:
The Upland Cotton selected is in new land No. 47, and this kind is suitable for South Sinkiang plantation; The sea-island cotton kind selected is new No. 35, sea, the plantation of suitable long-staple cotton main producing region, South Sinkiang; In new land No. 47, No. 35 two kinds in new sea plant 1485.5 mu, 614.7 mu respectively, long-term temperature >=10, kind unginned cotton production location DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4100-4350 DEG C, the cotton region of frost-free season 195-215 days adopts local common high-yield cotton seed produces field method to carry out expanding numerous production according to a conventional method;
Kind unginned cotton is processed:
Kind unginned cotton production field is expanded numerous kind unginned cotton impact cutter type roller cotton gin to process, for reducing brokenly seed, add man-hour, cotton gin coincidence spacing and the adjustment of dead point spacing parameter are according to gross cottonseed size, according in new land No. 47, No. 35 dead point spacing in new sea are respectively 50%, 44% of gross cottonseed waist footpath, coincidence spacing is 55%, 50% of dead point spacing respectively, in new land, No. 47 dead point spacing are 1.8mm, coincidence spacing is 0.7mm, new extra large No. 35 dead point spacing are 2.2mm, coincidence spacing is 0.9mm, thus guarantees that upper slitter is to roller pressure 7.5-8.0kg, and pressure uniform;
In new land No. 47 and No. 35 two kind flower seed screen grating gaps, new sea be respectively 8.5,10.5mm, tangent amount is respectively 14.5,18.0mm, thickness of knife edge is 0.3mm, guarantee that roller surface must be smoother, other parameter adjustment of impact cutter type roller cotton gin is carried out according to usual unginned cotton processing mode simultaneously;
In process, unginned cotton and cottonseed are carried and are all adopted belt (light seed and hair seed) or wind to transport (only for unginned cotton) mode of movement, are transported to assigned address, avoid auger to carry and cause brokenly seed phenomenon;
Seeds processing:
Precision drilling kind is light seeds, for obtaining waiting to broadcast smart amount seed, adopt the brush cotton seed delinting machine lint of 6MRT-250 shaped steel that Xinjiang Machinery Institute Co., Ltd produces, light seed after lint, through Denmark Xing Baili (CIMBRIA) seed processing equipment company produce GA110 gravity separator and Delta-104 air-screen separator selected after, the colored color selector of Z+2B produced by Britain Bu Lesuo Tekes (SORTEX) again picks out yellow seed, the broken machine of HXZF-200 type pin type cotton seed choosing produced by Jiangsu Hao Xiang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is picked out brokenly seed and splits seed, the yellow seed of final finished seed, break seed and split the seed rate of picking out and reach 82.5%, for anti-seedling stage diseases and pests, the first having selected Xinjiang Jin Hua agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd to produce is withered. tmtd suspension seed-coating agent, wherein tmtd content is 15%, tolelofos-methyl content is 5%, seed coat agent consumption: per kilogram seed coat agent mixes 45-50 kilogram of seed, No. 47 kind unginned cotton production field unginned cotton average yields 421.6 kgs/acre in 1485.5 mu of new lands, after processing, finished product seed production is 179.5 kgs/acre, accumulative production 266.6 tons, average seed refers to for 10.9g, by National Standard of the People's Republic of China-crop seeds inspection procedure (GB/T3543.1-1995), its germination rate is detected, percentage of seedgermination is between 89.4-92.2%, No. 35 kind unginned cotton production field unginned cotton average yields 357.5 kgs/acre in 614.7 mu of new seas, after processing, finished product seed production is 190.7 kgs/acre, accumulative production 117.2 tons, average seed refers to for 11.9g, detect its germination rate by National Standard of the People's Republic of China-crop seeds inspection procedure (GB/T 3543.1-1995), percentage of seedgermination is between 91.4-96.0%,
Determine the phase of starting broadcasting and seeding machinery:
Start broadcasting after basking seeds one day, because the cotton field selected exists, soil moisture is comparatively large, viscosity comparatively reconstructed image, the phase of starting broadcasting is 14-20 day in April, and plough with the process of raking the soil level before starting broadcasting, the timely cleaning impact such as film, undesirable root of giving up is sowed the foreign matter of quality, the 2MBJ-1/6 precision sower that seeding machinery adopts Tiancheng Farm Implements Mfg. Co., Ltd., Xinjiang to produce;
Determine the sowing depth be suitable for:
The cotton field selected is clay and loam, and sowing depth is 2.6cm;
Film type and cropping pattern thereof definitely:
Adopt wide 235cm, thick 0.01mm mulch film 1 covers, the both sides of mulch film 1 are buried in the earth, the width of the mulch film 1 that it is buried in the earth is 8cm, visible mulch film 1 width 11.5cm outside both sides cotton planting capable 2 on mulch film 1, carry out the staggered planting patterns of wide row 3 one narrow row 4, narrow row 4 spacing is 19cm, wide row 3 spacing is 40.0cm, mulch film 1 and mulch film 1 meet behavior 65cm, line-spacing 32.6cm, spacing in the rows 12.0cm, solid density 17041 plants/acre is planted, irrigate band 5 is laid on respectively mulch film 1 time wide row 3 centre position, early sowing, air port or temperature cotton field on the low side adopt mulch film 1 two-membrane process, place, mulch film 1 both sides plantation row claims limit row, row position, limit to guarantee under its plantation row film 5cm ground temperature more not covering film improve 3.7-4.5 DEG C, under film, the soil moisture content of 0-10cm soil layer reaches 21-23%, its ground temperature, soil moisture content are all close with middle row, be conducive to Precision Seeding seed to push up soil in time and emerge even with cotton field seedling, thus play the Meteorological effect effect that mulch film 1 covers better,
Topdress:
Divide breeding time and drip fertilise 60-70kg/ mu altogether with water 6-8 times, wherein urea 45-50kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P
2o
552%, K
2o 34.5%) 10-15kg/ mu, micro-fertilizer such as boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer adds up to 3-5kg/ mu;
Topdress and the substantially identical fertilizer of other available nutrient also can be used to replace, drip irrigation also must be soluble in water with topdressing, principle of topdressing: the flower bud phase gently executes, and initial bloom stage enriches, and contains flower and Shengjing Town heavy dressing;
Irrigate:
Breeding time irrigate all adopt drip irrigation irrigate, drip 11-13 time altogether, the head water time is early June, drips 1 time every 6-9 days later, and the tail water time is 20-26 day in August, breeding time the amount of dripping 200-230m
3/ mu;
Change and adjust:
Casing coupling amination in the time of infertility is adjusted 2-3 time, total consumption 6-8g/ mu;
Accelerate the ripening:
According to different cotton fields blow-of-cottons situation, adopt different forced ripening methods, in the past cotton field in the term of opening bolls was reached to September 8, does not spray ripener; On September about 15 reached cotton field in the term of opening bolls, sprayed a small amount of ripener in 20-25 day in September, and consumption is that 5-10g/ mu comes off treasured+30ml/ mu ethrel or ethrel 40-80ml/ mu, DeGrain cotton field after 7 days, when there is continuous sunny, can fill spray ripener, and consumption is ethrel 40-50ml/ mu; After September 25, the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing cotton field of blow-of-cottons can not be used for precision drilling seed, and its ripener consumption is larger;
Other:
Other Cultivate administration method in cotton field can adopt local common Cotton Fields with High Yield method to carry out;
Wait to broadcast smart amount seed to demonstrate result of use:
Demonstration result of use: No. 47 average survival rate of seedlings 87.4% in new land, unginned cotton average yield 392.3 kgs/acre; New extra large No. 35 average survival rate of seedlings 94.2%, unginned cotton average yield 327.6 kgs/acre, not only realizes higher survival rate of seedlings, realizes cotton field simultaneously and reaches high yield level.
Embodiment 2
The kind unginned cotton of carrying out the plantation of applicable Xinjiang Northern Cotton Regions in 2011 in A Kesufu village of A Kesufu township, Bayangolmongol Autonomous Prefecture Weili County, Xinjiang is produced, this point is positioned at east longitude E86 ° 33 ' 54 "; north latitude N41 ° 16 ' 15 ", area is 1507.5 mu, the very suitable Shine Early cotton kind plantation of its natural ecological condition, selected cotton field is winter irrigation field, and irrigation volume is 180-210m3/ mu; Base manure input amount is: urea by 20-25%, the 65-75% of phosphate fertilizer of total fertilizing amount, the 65-75% of potash fertilizer and barnyard manure (or dregs of fat) 100% as base manure, base manure specifically drops into fertilizer type and quantity: urea (containing N46%) 15kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate (N14%-18%, P
2o
546%-50%) 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate (K
2o 48%-52%) 10kg/ mu, dregs of fat 100-120kg/ mu;
Kind unginned cotton is produced:
Select new land early No. 48 and new land early No. 50 two Upland Cottons, early No. 48, new land, new land early No. 50 two kinds belong to the typical high yielding variety in South Sinkiang and North SinKiang respectively, two kinds plant 999.7 mu, 507.8 mu respectively, long-term temperature >=10, kind unginned cotton production location DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4000-4250 DEG C, frost-free season 185-205 days cotton region adopts local common high-yield cotton seed produces field method to carry out expanding numerous production according to a conventional method;
Kind unginned cotton is processed:
The kind unginned cotton impact cutter type roller cotton gin expanding numerous production is processed, for reducing brokenly seed, add man-hour, cotton gin coincidence spacing and the adjustment of dead point spacing parameter are according to gross cottonseed size, according to new land early No. 48 and new land early No. 50 dead point spacing be respectively 48%, 42% of gross cottonseed waist footpath, it is 53%, 47% of dead point spacing that coincidence spacing is respectively, new land early No. 48 dead point spacing is 1.9mm, coincidence spacing is 0.8mm, new land early No. 50 dead point spacing is 1.6mm, coincidence spacing is 0.6mm, thus guarantees that upper slitter is to roller pressure 7.5kg, and pressure uniform;
New land early No. 48 and new land early No. 50 two kind flower seed screen grating gaps be respectively 8.0,90mm, tangent amount is respectively 14.5,13.0mm, thickness of knife edge is 0.3mm, guarantee that roller surface must be smoother, other parameter adjustment of impact cutter type roller cotton gin is carried out according to usual unginned cotton processing mode simultaneously;
In process, unginned cotton and cottonseed all adopt belt (light seed and hair seed) or wind to transport (only for unginned cotton) mode of movement, are transported to assigned address, avoid auger to carry and cause brokenly seed phenomenon;
Seeds processing:
Precision drilling must use light seeds, for obtaining precision drilling seed, adopt the MPT-2000 type foamed acid delinting of cotton seed complete set of equipments lint that Chuling Machinery Co., Ltd., Jingzhou City of Hubei Province produces, light seed after lint, through Nanjing farming & stockbreeding machinery factory produce 5XZ-5 specific gravity separator and 5X-5 type air-screen separator selected after, the safe standing grain board 6SXZ-315CCD type cottonseed color selector produced by Hefei ,Anhui Tai He Optoelectronics Technology limited company again picks out yellow seed, the broken machine of HXZF-200 type pin type cotton seed choosing produced by Jiangsu Hao Xiang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is picked out brokenly seed and splits seed, the yellow seed of final finished seed, break seed and split the seed rate of picking out and reach 82.5%, for anti-seedling stage diseases and pests, the first also having selected Xinjiang Jin Hua agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd to produce is withered. tmtd suspension seed-coating agent, wherein tmtd content is 15%, tolelofos-methyl content is 5%, seed coat agent consumption: per kilogram seed coat agent mixes 45-50 kilogram of seed, 999.7 mu of new lands are No. 48 kind unginned cotton production field unginned cotton average yields 452.5 kgs/acre early, after processing, finished product seed production is 185.6 kgs/acre, accumulative production 185.8 tons, average seed refers to for 11.3g, detect its germination rate by National Standard of the People's Republic of China-crop seeds inspection procedure (GB/T 3543.1-1995), percentage of seedgermination is between 88.7-93.1%, 507.8 mu of new lands early 50 kinds with unginned cotton production field unginned cotton average yield 375.6 kgs/acre, after processing, finished product seed production is 152.5 kgs/acre, accumulative production 77.4 tons, average seed refers to for 9.8g, detect its germination rate by National Standard of the People's Republic of China-crop seeds inspection procedure (GB/T3543.1-1995), percentage of seedgermination is between 87.0-91.1%,
Determine the phase of starting broadcasting and seeding machinery:
Start broadcasting after basking seeds one day, selected cotton field is sandy loam, the phase of starting broadcasting is April 7, and plough with the process of raking the soil level before starting broadcasting, the timely cleaning impact such as film, undesirable root of giving up is sowed the foreign matter of quality, the 2MBJ-2/12 precision sower that seeding machinery adopts Keshen Farm Appts. Tech Development Co., Ltd., Xinjiang to produce;
Determine sowing depth:
Selected cotton field is mainly non-clay, and sowing depth is 2.9cm;
Film type and cropping pattern thereof definitely:
Adopt wide 230cm, thick 0.008mm mulch film 1 covers, the both sides of mulch film 1 are buried in the earth, mulch film 1 width that it is buried in the earth is 6cm, on mulch film 1, outside both sides cotton planting capable 2, visible mulch film 1 width is that the staggered planting patterns of 10.5cm place implementation one wide row 3 one narrow row 4 is planted, narrow row 4 spacing is 15cm, wide row 3 spacing is 45cm, mulch film 1 and mulch film 1 meet behavior 60cm, line-spacing 31.9cm, spacing in the rows 13.5cm, solid density 15480 plants/acre, irrigate band 5 is laid on respectively mulch film 1 time wide row 3 centre position, early sowing, air port or temperature cotton field on the low side adopt mulch film 1 two-membrane process, place, mulch film both sides plantation row claims limit row, row position, limit to guarantee under its plantation row film 5cm ground temperature more not covering film improve 3.4-4.0 DEG C, under film, the soil moisture content of 0-10cm soil layer reaches 23-24%, its ground temperature, soil moisture content are all close with middle row, be conducive to Precision Seeding seed to push up soil in time and emerge even with cotton field seedling, thus play the Meteorological effect effect of plastic mulching better,
Topdress:
Divide breeding time and drip fertilise 70kg/ mu altogether with water 6-8 times, wherein urea 50kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P
2o
552%, K
2o 34.5%) 15kg/ mu, micro-fertilizer such as boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer adds up to 5kg/ mu;
Topdress and the substantially identical fertilizer of other available nutrient also can be used to replace, drip irrigation also must be soluble in water with topdressing, principle of topdressing: the flower bud phase gently executes, and initial bloom stage enriches, and contains flower and Shengjing Town heavy dressing;
Irrigate:
Breeding time irrigate all adopt drip irrigation irrigate, drip 12-14 time altogether, the head water time is by the end of May, drips 1 time every 5-8 days later, and the tail water time is the 25-9 month in August 2, breeding time the amount of dripping 210-235m
3/ mu;
Casing coupling amination in the time of infertility is adjusted 3-4 time, total consumption 10-12g/ mu;
Accelerate the ripening:
According to different cotton fields blow-of-cottons situation, adopt different forced ripening methods, in the past cotton field in the term of opening bolls was reached to September 10, does not spray ripener; On September about 20 reached cotton field in the term of opening bolls, sprayed a small amount of ripener in 20-25 day in September, and consumption is that 4-8g/ mu comes off treasured+25ml/ mu ethrel or ethrel 30-70ml/ mu, DeGrain cotton field after 7 days, when there is continuous sunny, can fill spray ripener, and consumption is ethrel 30-40ml/ mu; After September 25, the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing cotton field of blow-of-cottons can not be used for precision drilling seed, and its ripener consumption is larger;
Other:
Other Cultivate administration method of cotton field can adopt local common Cotton Fields with High Yield method to carry out.
Wait to broadcast smart amount seed to demonstrate result of use:
Demonstration result of use investigation result: new land early No. 48 average survival rate of seedlings 88.2%, unginned cotton average yield 371.6 kgs/acre; New land is No. 50 average survival rate of seedlings 86.1% early, and unginned cotton average yield 358.5 kgs/acre, not only realizes higher survival rate of seedlings, realizes cotton field simultaneously and reaches high yield level.
Embodiment 3:
For verifying that the present invention is at land for growing field crops multiple spot seedling protecting effect further, in 5-20 day in April, 2013, that produces with embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 waits that broadcasting smart amount seed is supplied to Xinjiang Awat County respectively, Shaya, Manas, Jinghe 4 Ge Zhimian great county cotton grower, and guide this cotton grower to implement precision cotton drilling cotton field according to the inventive method to keep a full stand of seedings method, 5-8 day in June, 2013, respectively to adopting the inventive method cotton field (to comprise the seed that quality standard meets the requirement of precision drilling cotton field, start broadcasting the phase, sowing depth, ground film type and cropping pattern thereof are determined) contrast (not adopting the inventive method) cotton field survival rate of seedlings situation with periphery and investigate, 8 pieces of exemplary bar fields are investigated in each county, the inventive method and contrast is wherein adopted to investigate 4 pieces of exemplary bar fields respectively, 5-6 sampling point investigation is got in every block bar field, this block bar field survival rate of seedlings is represented with its mean, in Table 1-2:
Table 1: adopt multiple spot cotton field, the inventive method land for growing field crops survival rate of seedlings application form (unit: %)
| Place | Bar field 1 | Bar field 2 | Bar field 3 | Bar field 4 | On average |
| Awat County | 86.6 | 88.3 | 84.2 | 92.8 | |
| Markit County | 91.2 | 91.2 | 85.2 | 81.6 | |
| Manas County | 83.8 | 83.6 | 92.1 | 83.5 | |
| Jinghe County | 89.1 | 83.8 | 83.7 | 88.4 | |
| On average | 87.7 | 86.7 | 86.3 | 86.6 | 86.8 |
Table 2: contrast multiple spot cotton field, (not adopting the inventive method) land for growing field crops survival rate of seedlings application form (unit: %)
| Place | Bar field 5 | Bar field 6 | Bar field 7 | Bar field 8 | On average |
| Awat County | 81.3 | 77.4 | 77.7 | 73.5 | |
| Markit County | 69.5 | 81.1 | 78.8 | 71.9 | |
| Manas County | 71.8 | 75.7 | 76.2 | 81.6 | |
| Jinghe County | 78.3 | 80.8 | 75.6 | 68.5 | |
| On average | 75.2 | 78.8 | 77.1 | 73.9 | 76.3 |
The survey showed that: adopt the method for the invention, land for growing field crops multi-point average survival rate of seedlings is 86.8%, and to contrast survival rate of seedlings be 76.3%, land for growing field crops contrasts with periphery and differs 10.5 percentage points, obvious the method for the invention Be very effective, also show as at land for growing field crops multiple spot and improve survival rate of seedlings greatly, reach re-set target.
Claims (1)
1. keep a full stand of seedings a method in cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field, it is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
Wait to broadcast smart amount seed preparation:
A, kind unginned cotton are produced: the kind unginned cotton of precision drilling is produced in the more sufficient area of sunlight-heat reaources, Northern Xinjiang kind unginned cotton is long-term temperature >=10 DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4000-4250 DEG C in South Sinkiang, frost-free season 185-205 expands numerous production in days cotton region according to a conventional method, South Sinkiang kind unginned cotton is DEG C effective accumulated temperature 4100-4350 DEG C in long-term temperature >=10, and numerous production is expanded in the cotton region of frost-free season 195-215 days according to a conventional method;
B, kind unginned cotton are processed: adopt impact cutter type roller cotton gin that unginned cotton is processed into gross cottonseed, cotton gin coincidence spacing, dead point spacing parameter are according to gross cottonseed size, dead point spacing is generally the 42-50% in gross cottonseed waist footpath, and coincidence spacing is the 47-55% of dead point spacing;
C, seeds processing: again by gross cottonseed, be processed into light seed through the chemistry of routine or the method for physics lint, and after selected and dressing, wait to broadcast, essence is measured and waited that sowing sub-seed refers to that, for 9.7-11.9g, germination rate is stabilized between 87.0-96.0%;
Determine the phase of starting broadcasting:
D, sand heavier or sandy loam phase of starting broadcasting is April 7, and soil stickiness heavier and humidity larger cotton field phase of starting broadcasting is 14-20 day in April;
Sowing depth is determined:
E, clay and loam cotton field sowing depth are 2.2-2.6cm, and non-clay or sand soil cotton field are 2.8-3.0cm, on average the little 0.5-1.3cm of more non-precision drilling cotton field sowing depth;
Film type and cropping pattern thereof definitely:
F, adopt wide 230-235cm, the mulch film (1) of thick 0.008-0.01mm covers, mulch film (1) both sides are buried in the earth, its mulch film be buried in the earth (1) width is 6-8cm, visible mulch film (1) width in mulch film (1) upper both sides cotton planting capable (2) outside is 9.5-11.5cm, carry out the staggered planting patterns of a wide row (3) narrow row (4), spacing in the rows is 12.0-13.5cm, wide row (3) centre position under irrigate band (5) are laid on film, wherein narrow row (4) spacing is 15-19cm, wide row (3) spacing is 40.0-45.0cm, to early sowing, air port or temperature cotton field on the low side adopt mulch film (1) two-membrane process.
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| CN104041226A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-17 | 李馨 | Cotton sowing method |
| CN104938200B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-03-01 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Xinjiang South Sinkiang cotton region broadcast before non-winter irrigation or non-spring irrigation continuous cropping Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation water-saving seedling method |
| CN108157105B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-06-02 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for protecting seedlings in cotton field without pre-sowing irrigation under drip irrigation under plastic film precision seeding cultivation environment |
| CN108703033B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2020-09-11 | 塔里木大学 | Method for planting machine-harvested cotton in mulching film zone |
| CN110432111A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-12 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | A kind of villose vetch trickle irrigation implantation methods |
| CN111742807A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-09 | 于永良 | High-efficiency cotton sowing method for high-standard cotton field |
| CN114287307A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-08 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Planting method for guaranteeing quality of high-quality fine-staple cotton fiber |
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