CN101965784A - Leaf age mode cotton culture method - Google Patents
Leaf age mode cotton culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a leaf age mode cotton culture method which comprises the following steps: from Great Snow to Waking of Insects, frozen soil is upturned in winter and is then mellowed, and nutrition pot soil is fertilized; from Waking of Insects to Pure Brightness, seeds are planted, and seedlings emerge on Pure Brightness; from Pure Brightness to Grain Rain, the seedlings of cotton seeds emerge and grow to a plant with three leaves and one core to form sound seedlings for transplanting; from Beginning of Summer to Lesser Fullness of Grain, the transplanted cotton seedlings grow to a cotton plant with sever leaves; from Grain in Beard to Summer Solstice, the cotton plant starts to relay when growing seven leaves, starts to bud when growing eight leaves, starts to vigorously grow when growing ten leaves and starts to bloom when growing 17 leaves; from Lesser Heat to Great Heat, the main stem of the cotton plant grows 17 leaves, the first bud on the first fruit branch blooms and grows bolls, and then the cotton plant gradually enters the reproductive growth phase; and from Beginning of Autumn to Cold Dew, the cotton plant enters the picking phase from the reproductive growth phase. By using the ectal leaf age as the parameter, the invention realizes the accurate and quantitive application of seeding, fertilization, control and regulation on diseases and pests and other technical measures based on the growth phase of leaves. Thus, the method can be easily mastered by cotton planters and is convenient to carry out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cotton culture method, be specifically related to a kind of cotton leaf age mode cultivation method.
Background technology
In the Cotton Production practice, how accurately to instruct the cotton grower to cotton overgrowing control, can put up the high yield shelf again and surely execute Hua Lingfei, thereby realize that the high yield and high quality purpose is the big problem of one on the Cotton Production.For a long time, numerous cotton growers can only utilize the extensive plantation of traditional experience, and whole process of cultivation is in purposelessly state, and measures such as its rich water quality management, diseases and pests controlling, chemical regulation can't accurately be implemented.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of cotton leaf age mode cultivation method is provided, this cultivation method utilizes cotton leaf bud differentiation principle, the inherent developmental process of perspective cotton, with the appearance leaf age is parameter, come accurate quantification to use according to the leaf development progress technical measures such as sowing, fertilising, diseases and pests controlling, regulation and control, overcome the drawback of seeing data indigestibility, difficult utilization, realize increasing production and improying productivity.
Technical solution of the present invention is: this cotton culture method may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) the seedbed phase: during frightened the biting, also is early December during the early March at heavy snow, in conjunction with the winter turn over freeze upturned soil, vegetable soil, the nutritive cube soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; The whole seedbed of normalization is dug and is overlapped ditch: 4 meter one furrow, wide 30 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres of dead furrow, 1 meter of the edge of a field ditch depth, 3.3 meters of seedbed clear span; Before the beginning of spring, thin night soil 4-5 load is executed in per 10 meters seedbeds, 2 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 grams; The alms bowl of fertilising back system diameter 6-7cm on the seedbed, flat, the native foot of alms bowl in the bed end;
(2) sowing time: biting between lucid interval frightened, also is that sowing growth, Clear and Bright emerge during mid-March to early April; Seed treatment: A, 3-4 sun of seed Exposure to Sunlight; B, the healthy and strong black seed of choosing; C, 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds 30 minutes stirred once every 10 minutes; 6 milliliters of the mepiquat chlorides of 0.5 kilogram of the carbendazim of D, mass concentration 25%, mass concentration 25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are converted 50 kilograms in water for 1 kilogram and were soaked 25 kilograms of cotton seed 4-6 hours; Handle in the seedbed: the bed bottom pour mold foot water in A, seedbed, and wear the alms bowl heart with twig and do not split; The field benefit missible oil 200-250 gram of executing of B, mass concentration 33% is converted 40 kilograms in water, 20 meters seedbeds of per 3 kilograms of soups spray; C, at bed alms bowl upper seeding wheel, the nutrition soil of multiple 1.0-1.5 cm thick; D, overlay film sealing, 35 centimetres on support is high;
(3) cotton seedling stage: during Clear and Bright to grain rains, also be April early and middle ten days during the late April, cottonseed is emerged and is grown to 3 leaves, 1 core and form and transplant strong sprout, inner differentiation phyllogen radix is 7, differentiation fruit branch number is 3,3-4 of differentiation fruit joint number; Be seeded into and emerge 10-12 days, 1 leaf period interval 15 days, 2 leaf growths need 10-12 days, and 2-3 interlobar septum 5-6 days according to the same relation of stretching of cotton seedling leaf bell and leaf primordium and flower bud differentiation, regulates and control to make cotton to send out short strong morning by the leaf bell; Sowing is principle to the stage of emerging with " the neat seedling of high temperature ", and temperature is at 40-45 °; Full stand to the one leaf phase is a principle with " thermophilic comes into leaves ", and temperature is at 25-30 °; Concretely, behind the Qi Miao during 80% cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan, ventilation suitably burrows, rising along with temperature, it is ascending, from less to more to punch, only punch before two leaves and do not take off film, and when accomplishing to punch by late early, when closing the hole by early to late, center on 25-30 ° of cotton seedling suitable growth developmental temperature all the time; Two leaf stage is a principle with " cooling inspires ", and temperature is at 19-20 °; According to axillalry bud differentiation requirement, it is 19-20 ° that fruit branch forms optimal temperature, and two leaf stage is the critical period of the critical leaf bell of axillalry bud differentiation fruit branch bud, and is too high as temperature, then is unfavorable for the formation of bud, buddings and postpone, and improves fruit branch beginning joint position; Progressively practice seedling after tri-leaf period: calm fine day is taken off film all around, and the leeward film of taking off of strong wind weather is overcast and rainy ventilative, all take off film until first three sky of transplanting and practice seedling, but film can not be from bed in case Changes in weather be rainy; Therebetween, the anti-string of spray medicine diseases prevention seedling: convert 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of water by mass concentration 25% carbendazim 25 grams, 1 milliliter of mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams, leaf margin has dewdrop;
(4) vegetative period: the Beginning of summer during the Grain Full, also be that cotton transplantation of seedlings grows to 7 leaf cotton plants during the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, comprise transplanting and management and plant the back management, transplanting and management: A, band rope trench digging; B, burrow and water; C, fertilising: execute 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu; D, transplanting, a foot water alive is watered in every mu of 3500-4000 strain; Plant back management: A, transplant to loosen the soil in 20 days after living and heat; B, root spray phosphorus potash fertilizer liquid tiller outward, i.e. 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of 10 kilograms of each mass concentration 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and mass concentration 1% urea;
(5) bud stage: Grain in Ear between midsummer, also be early June to late June during, begin behind cotton plant 7 leaves that relay, 8 leaves beginning flower bud, 10 leaves enter vigorous vegetative growth phase, 17 leaves are seen flower; When cotton plant stem the 10th leaf, the 15th leaf, convert 30 kilograms of sprayings of water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 8ml and 10ml respectively for every mu, when stem the 12nd leaf, execute pig miscellaneous fertilizers 30 load for every mu, or 50 kilograms in cake fertilizer;
(6) the knot bell phase: during being deployed to big administration for a short time, during also being early July to late July, when cotton plant stem 17 leaves, first fruit branch, first flower bud knot bell of blooming, the seat peach that grows up to the 2cm size after 10 days, progress into generative growth phase later on, respectively when cotton plant stem 18 leaves and 22 leaves every mu execute fertile 15 kilograms and 10 kilograms of colored bell, Hua Lingfei is the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 45%; When cotton plant stem 20 leaves, convert water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 12ml and bind for 30 kilograms for every mu; When cotton plant stem 23-24 leaf, pinch; Therebetween, every mu is adopted 70 milliliters of the hot missible oil of cyanogen of mass concentration 70% or 300 times of liquid of 1.8 gram Avermectin to prevent and treat cotton bollworm, corn borer, Jin Gang brill;
(7) harvest time: during the beginning of autumn to Cold Dew, also be during early August to early October, enter harvesting by reproductive growth; Therebetween: A, in time remove empty branch, invalid flower bud, extract invalid flower the first tenday period of a month in September; B, every mu spray 50 milliliters of controls of mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pink bollworm; C, early October convert 20 kilograms of sprays of water field with mass concentration 40% ethrel 150 grams for every mu and accelerate the ripening; D, in time pick up flower, shine flower, classification is sold;
(8) the crop rotation phase: during the Frost's Descent to slight snow, also be during mid-October to late November, behind the cotton harvesting, carry out rice field-upland field rotation and change crops, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
The present invention has the following advantages: be parameter with the appearance leaf age 1,, come accurate quantification to use according to the leaf development progress technical measures such as sowing, fertilising, diseases and pests controlling, regulation and control, the cotton grower easily grasps, good operation, vast cotton region cotton grower is accurately cultivated cotton play the effect of well increasing production and improying productivity.
2, transplant 3 leaves, 1 core when transplanting strong sprout, short strong crouching is real, highly is slightly larger than horizontal degree, the Bai Genpan alms bowl, and cotyledon is complete, and leaf is green anosis, and transplanting strong sprout is the cultivation target of high-yield cotton, grows inside and outside the assurance synchronously.
3, alms bowl is directly suitable, and the big standing area of alms bowl seedlings is big, and cotton seedling is healthy and strong squats in fact, avoid cotton seedling to win honour for scurrying long, the height of seedling bar is thin, high and strong.
4, seedling growth is slow, and a little less than the strength of combatting natural disaster, field management is based on short; Buddingging to initial bloom stage is the vigorous period of growth of cotton, and cultivation step is mainly based on control; Above-mentioned measure guarantees that the growth rate of cotton plant crouching is real healthy and strong, and good high yield shelf is arranged.
Embodiment
Further describe technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiment can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical scheme.
Embodiment 1: cultivate cotton according to following concrete steps:
(1) the seedbed phase: during frightened the biting, also is early December during the early March at heavy snow, in conjunction with the winter turn over freeze upturned soil, vegetable soil, the nutritive cube soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; The whole seedbed of normalization is dug and is overlapped ditch: 4 meter one furrow, wide 30 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres of dead furrow, 1 meter of the edge of a field ditch depth, 3.3 meters of seedbed clear span; Before the beginning of spring, thin night soil 4 loads, 2 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 grams are executed in per 10 meters seedbeds; The alms bowl of fertilising back system diameter 6cm on the seedbed, flat, the native foot of alms bowl in the bed end;
(2) sowing time: biting between lucid interval frightened, also is that sowing growth, Clear and Bright emerge during mid-March to early April; Seed treatment: A, 3 sun of seed Exposure to Sunlight; B, the healthy and strong black seed of choosing; C, 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds 30 minutes stirred once every 10 minutes; 6 milliliters of the mepiquat chlorides of 0.5 kilogram of the carbendazim of D, mass concentration 25%, mass concentration 25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are converted 50 kilograms in water for 1 kilogram and were soaked 25 kilograms of cotton seeds 4 hours; Handle in the seedbed: the bed bottom pour mold foot water in A, seedbed, and wear the alms bowl heart with twig and do not split; Field benefit missible oil 200 grams of executing of B, mass concentration 33% are converted 40 kilograms in water, 20 meters seedbeds of per 3 kilograms of soups spray; C, at bed alms bowl upper seeding wheel, the nutrition soil of multiple 1.0 cm thicks; D, overlay film sealing, 35 centimetres on support is high;
(3) cotton seedling stage: during Clear and Bright to grain rains, also be April early and middle ten days during the late April, cottonseed is emerged and is grown to 3 leaves, 1 core and form and transplant strong sprout, inner differentiation phyllogen radix is 7, differentiation fruit branch number is 3,3-4 of differentiation fruit joint number; Be seeded into and emerge 10-12 days, 1 leaf period interval 15 days, 2 leaf growths need 10-12 days, and 2-3 interlobar septum 5-6 days according to the same relation of stretching of cotton seedling leaf bell and leaf primordium and flower bud differentiation, regulates and control to make cotton to send out short strong morning by the leaf bell; Sowing is principle to the stage of emerging with " the neat seedling of high temperature ", and temperature is at 40 ± 1 °; Full stand to the one leaf phase is a principle with " thermophilic comes into leaves ", and temperature is at 25 ± 1 °; Concretely, behind the Qi Miao during 80% cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan, ventilation suitably burrows, rising along with temperature, it is ascending, from less to more to punch, only punch before two leaves and do not take off film, and when accomplishing to punch by late early, when closing the hole by early to late, center on 25 ± 1 ° of cotton seedling suitable growth developmental temperatures all the time; Two leaf stage is a principle with " cooling inspires ", and temperature is at 19 ± 1 °; According to axillalry bud differentiation requirement, it is 19 ± 1 ° that fruit branch forms optimal temperature, and two leaf stage is the critical period of the critical leaf bell of axillalry bud differentiation fruit branch bud, and is too high as temperature, then is unfavorable for the formation of bud, buddings and postpone, and improves fruit branch beginning joint position; Progressively practice seedling after tri-leaf period: calm fine day is taken off film all around, and the leeward film of taking off of strong wind weather is overcast and rainy ventilative, all take off film until first three sky of transplanting and practice seedling, but film can not be from bed in case Changes in weather be rainy; Therebetween, the anti-string of spray medicine diseases prevention seedling: convert 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of water by mass concentration 25% carbendazim 25 grams, 1 milliliter of mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams, leaf margin has dewdrop;
(4) vegetative period: the Beginning of summer during the Grain Full, also be that cotton transplantation of seedlings grows to 7 leaf cotton plants during the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, comprise transplanting and management and plant the back management, transplanting and management: A, band rope trench digging; B, burrow and water; C, fertilising: execute 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu; D, transplanting, a foot water alive is watered in every mu 3500 strain; Plant back management: A, transplant to loosen the soil in 20 days after living and heat; B, root spray phosphorus potash fertilizer liquid tiller outward, i.e. 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of 10 kilograms of each mass concentration 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and mass concentration 1% urea;
(5) bud stage: Grain in Ear between midsummer, also be early June to late June during, begin behind cotton plant 7 leaves that relay, 8 leaves beginning flower bud, 10 leaves enter vigorous vegetative growth phase, 17 leaves are seen flower; When cotton plant stem the 10th leaf, the 15th leaf, convert 30 kilograms of sprayings of water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 8ml and 10ml respectively for every mu, when stem the 12nd leaf, execute pig miscellaneous fertilizers 30 loads for every mu;
(6) the knot bell phase: during being deployed to big administration for a short time, during also being early July to late July, when cotton plant stem 17 leaves, first fruit branch, first flower bud knot bell of blooming, the seat peach that grows up to the 2cm size after 10 days, progress into generative growth phase later on, respectively when cotton plant stem 18 leaves and 22 leaves every mu execute fertile 15 kilograms and 10 kilograms of colored bell, Hua Lingfei is the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 45%; When cotton plant stem 20 leaves, convert water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 12ml and bind for 30 kilograms for every mu; When cotton plant stem 23-24 leaf, pinch; Therebetween, every mu is adopted 70 milliliters of controls of the hot missible oil of cyanogen cotton bollworm, corn borer, the Jin Gang of mass concentration 70% to bore;
(7) harvest time: during the beginning of autumn to Cold Dew, also be during early August to early October, enter harvesting by reproductive growth; Therebetween: A, in time remove empty branch, invalid flower bud, extract invalid flower the first tenday period of a month in September; B, every mu spray 50 milliliters of controls of mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pink bollworm; C, early October convert 20 kilograms of sprays of water field with mass concentration 40% ethrel 150 grams for every mu and accelerate the ripening; D, in time pick up flower, shine flower, classification is sold;
(8) the crop rotation phase: during the Frost's Descent to slight snow, also be during mid-October to late November, behind the cotton harvesting, carry out rice field-upland field rotation and change crops, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
Statistics: the mu fruit branch is several 5.5 ten thousand, mu fruit joint number 200,000, and the total bell of mu is several 60,000, and single bell weighs 4 grams, lint percentage 35%, 75 kilograms of mu lint yields.
Embodiment 2: cultivate cotton according to following concrete steps:
(1) the seedbed phase: during frightened the biting, also is early December during the early March at heavy snow, in conjunction with the winter turn over freeze upturned soil, vegetable soil, the nutritive cube soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; The whole seedbed of normalization is dug and is overlapped ditch: 4 meter one furrow, wide 30 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres of dead furrow, 1 meter of the edge of a field ditch depth, 3.3 meters of seedbed clear span; Before the beginning of spring, thin night soil 4.5 loads, 2 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 grams are executed in per 10 meters seedbeds; The alms bowl of fertilising back system diameter 6.5cm on the seedbed, flat, the native foot of alms bowl in the bed end;
(2) sowing time: biting between lucid interval frightened, also is that sowing growth, Clear and Bright emerge during mid-March to early April; Seed treatment: A, 4 sun of seed Exposure to Sunlight; B, the healthy and strong black seed of choosing; C, 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds 30 minutes stirred once every 10 minutes; 6 milliliters of the mepiquat chlorides of 0.5 kilogram of the carbendazim of D, mass concentration 25%, mass concentration 25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are converted 50 kilograms in water for 1 kilogram and were soaked 25 kilograms of cotton seeds 5 hours; Handle in the seedbed: the bed bottom pour mold foot water in A, seedbed, and wear the alms bowl heart with twig and do not split; Field benefit missible oil 250 grams of executing of B, mass concentration 33% are converted 40 kilograms in water, 20 meters seedbeds of per 3 kilograms of soups spray; C, at bed alms bowl upper seeding wheel, the nutrition soil of multiple 1.2 cm thicks; D, overlay film sealing, 35 centimetres on support is high;
(3) cotton seedling stage: during Clear and Bright to grain rains, also be April early and middle ten days during the late April, cottonseed is emerged and is grown to 3 leaves, 1 core and form and transplant strong sprout, inner differentiation phyllogen radix is 7, differentiation fruit branch number is 3,3-4 of differentiation fruit joint number; Be seeded into and emerge 10-12 days, 1 leaf period interval 15 days, 2 leaf growths need 10-12 days, and 2-3 interlobar septum 5-6 days according to the same relation of stretching of cotton seedling leaf bell and leaf primordium and flower bud differentiation, regulates and control to make cotton to send out short strong morning by the leaf bell; Sowing is principle to the stage of emerging with " the neat seedling of high temperature ", and temperature is at 42 ± 1 °; Full stand to the one leaf phase is a principle with " thermophilic comes into leaves ", and temperature is at 28 ± 1 °; Concretely, behind the Qi Miao during 80% cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan, ventilation suitably burrows, rising along with temperature, it is ascending, from less to more to punch, only punch before two leaves and do not take off film, and when accomplishing to punch by late early, when closing the hole by early to late, center on 28 ± 1 ° of cotton seedling suitable growth developmental temperatures all the time; Two leaf stage is a principle with " cooling inspires ", and temperature is at 20 ± 1 °; According to axillalry bud differentiation requirement, it is 20 ± 1 ° that fruit branch forms optimal temperature, and two leaf stage is the critical period of the critical leaf bell of axillalry bud differentiation fruit branch bud, and is too high as temperature, then is unfavorable for the formation of bud, buddings and postpone, and improves fruit branch beginning joint position; Progressively practice seedling after tri-leaf period: calm fine day is taken off film all around, and the leeward film of taking off of strong wind weather is overcast and rainy ventilative, all take off film until first three sky of transplanting and practice seedling, but film can not be from bed in case Changes in weather be rainy; Therebetween, the anti-string of spray medicine diseases prevention seedling: convert 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of water by mass concentration 25% carbendazim 25 grams, 1 milliliter of mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams, leaf margin has dewdrop;
(4) vegetative period: the Beginning of summer during the Grain Full, also be that cotton transplantation of seedlings grows to 7 leaf cotton plants during the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, comprise transplanting and management and plant the back management, transplanting and management: A, band rope trench digging; B, burrow and water; C, fertilising: execute 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu; D, transplanting, a foot water alive is watered in every mu 3800 strain; Plant back management: A, transplant to loosen the soil in 20 days after living and heat; B, root spray phosphorus potash fertilizer liquid tiller outward, i.e. 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of 10 kilograms of each mass concentration 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and mass concentration 1% urea;
(5) bud stage: Grain in Ear between midsummer, also be early June to late June during, begin behind cotton plant 7 leaves that relay, 8 leaves beginning flower bud, 10 leaves enter vigorous vegetative growth phase, 17 leaves are seen flower; When cotton plant stem the 10th leaf, the 15th leaf, convert 30 kilograms of sprayings of water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 8ml and 10ml respectively, when stem the 12nd leaf, execute 50 kilograms in cake fertilizer for every mu for every mu;
(6) the knot bell phase: during being deployed to big administration for a short time, during also being early July to late July, when cotton plant stem 17 leaves, first fruit branch, first flower bud knot bell of blooming, the seat peach that grows up to the 2cm size after 10 days, progress into generative growth phase later on, respectively when cotton plant stem 18 leaves and 22 leaves every mu execute fertile 15 kilograms and 10 kilograms of colored bell, Hua Lingfei is the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 45%; When cotton plant stem 20 leaves, convert water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 12ml and bind for 30 kilograms for every mu; When cotton plant stem 23-24 leaf, pinch; Therebetween, every mu is adopted 300 times of liquid controls of 1.8 gram Avermectin cotton bollworm, corn borer, Jin Gang to bore;
(7) harvest time: during the beginning of autumn to Cold Dew, also be during early August to early October, enter harvesting by reproductive growth; Therebetween: A, in time remove empty branch, invalid flower bud, extract invalid flower the first tenday period of a month in September; B, every mu spray 50 milliliters of controls of mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pink bollworm; C, early October convert 20 kilograms of sprays of water field with mass concentration 40% ethrel 150 grams for every mu and accelerate the ripening; D, in time pick up flower, shine flower, classification is sold;
(8) the crop rotation phase: during the Frost's Descent to slight snow, also be during mid-October to late November, behind the cotton harvesting, carry out rice field-upland field rotation and change crops, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
Statistics: the mu fruit branch is several 5.8 ten thousand, mu fruit joint number 230,000, and the total bell of mu is several 6.8 ten thousand, and single bell weighs 4 grams, lint percentage 35%, 85 kilograms of mu lint yields.
Embodiment 3: cultivate cotton according to following concrete steps:
(1) the seedbed phase: during frightened the biting, also is early December during the early March at heavy snow, in conjunction with the winter turn over freeze upturned soil, vegetable soil, the nutritive cube soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; The whole seedbed of normalization is dug and is overlapped ditch: 4 meter one furrow, wide 30 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres of dead furrow, 1 meter of the edge of a field ditch depth, 3.3 meters of seedbed clear span; Before the beginning of spring, thin night soil 5 loads, 2 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 grams are executed in per 10 meters seedbeds; The alms bowl of fertilising back system diameter 7cm on the seedbed, flat, the native foot of alms bowl in the bed end;
(2) sowing time: biting between lucid interval frightened, also is that sowing growth, Clear and Bright emerge during mid-March to early April; Seed treatment: A, 3 sun of seed Exposure to Sunlight; B, the healthy and strong black seed of choosing; C, 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds 30 minutes stirred once every 10 minutes; 6 milliliters of the mepiquat chlorides of 0.5 kilogram of the carbendazim of D, mass concentration 25%, mass concentration 25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are converted 50 kilograms in water for 1 kilogram and were soaked 25 kilograms of cotton seeds 6 hours; Handle in the seedbed: the bed bottom pour mold foot water in A, seedbed, and wear the alms bowl heart with twig and do not split; Field benefit missible oil 250 grams of executing of B, mass concentration 33% are converted 40 kilograms in water, 20 meters seedbeds of per 3 kilograms of soups spray; C, at bed alms bowl upper seeding wheel, the nutrition soil of multiple 1.5 cm thicks; D, overlay film sealing, 35 centimetres on support is high;
(3) cotton seedling stage: during Clear and Bright to grain rains, also be April early and middle ten days during the late April, cottonseed is emerged and is grown to 3 leaves, 1 core and form and transplant strong sprout, inner differentiation phyllogen radix is 7, differentiation fruit branch number is 3,3-4 of differentiation fruit joint number; Be seeded into and emerge 10-12 days, 1 leaf period interval 15 days, 2 leaf growths need 10-12 days, and 2-3 interlobar septum 5-6 days according to the same relation of stretching of cotton seedling leaf bell and leaf primordium and flower bud differentiation, regulates and control to make cotton to send out short strong morning by the leaf bell; Sowing is principle to the stage of emerging with " the neat seedling of high temperature ", and temperature is at 45 °; Full stand to the one leaf phase is a principle with " thermophilic comes into leaves ", and temperature is at 30 °; Concretely, during 80% cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan, ventilation suitably burrows behind the neat seedling, along with the rising of temperature, it is ascending, from less to more to punch, and only punches before two leaves and does not take off film, and when accomplishing to punch by late early, when closing the hole by early to late, center on 30 ° of cotton seedling suitable growth developmental temperatures all the time; Two leaf stage is a principle with " cooling inspires ", and temperature is at 19-20 °; According to axillalry bud differentiation requirement, it is 19-20 ° that fruit branch forms optimal temperature, and two leaf stage is the critical period of the critical leaf bell of axillalry bud differentiation fruit branch bud, and is too high as temperature, then is unfavorable for the formation of bud, buddings and postpone, and improves fruit branch beginning joint position; Progressively practice seedling after tri-leaf period: calm fine day is taken off film all around, and the leeward film of taking off of strong wind weather is overcast and rainy ventilative, all take off film until first three sky of transplanting and practice seedling, but film can not be from bed in case Changes in weather be rainy; Therebetween, the anti-string of spray medicine diseases prevention seedling: convert 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of water by mass concentration 25% carbendazim 25 grams, 1 milliliter of mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams, leaf margin has dewdrop;
(4) vegetative period: the Beginning of summer during the Grain Full, also be that cotton transplantation of seedlings grows to 7 leaf cotton plants during the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, comprise transplanting and management and plant the back management, transplanting and management: A, band rope trench digging; B, burrow and water; C, fertilising: execute 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu; D, transplanting, a foot water alive is watered in every mu 4000 strain; Plant back management: A, transplant to loosen the soil in 20 days after living and heat; B, root spray phosphorus potash fertilizer liquid tiller outward, i.e. 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of 10 kilograms of each mass concentration 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and mass concentration 1% urea;
(5) bud stage: Grain in Ear between midsummer, also be early June to late June during, begin behind cotton plant 7 leaves that relay, 8 leaves beginning flower bud, 10 leaves enter vigorous vegetative growth phase, 17 leaves are seen flower; When cotton plant stem the 10th leaf, the 15th leaf, convert 30 kilograms of sprayings of water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 8ml and 10ml respectively for every mu, when stem the 12nd leaf, execute pig miscellaneous fertilizers 30 loads for every mu;
(6) the knot bell phase: during being deployed to big administration for a short time, during also being early July to late July, when cotton plant stem 17 leaves, first fruit branch, first flower bud knot bell of blooming, the seat peach that grows up to the 2cm size after 10 days, progress into generative growth phase later on, respectively when cotton plant stem 18 leaves and 22 leaves every mu execute fertile 15 kilograms and 10 kilograms of colored bell, Hua Lingfei is the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 45%; When cotton plant stem 20 leaves, convert water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 12ml and bind for 30 kilograms for every mu; When cotton plant stem 23-24 leaf, pinch; Therebetween, every mu is adopted 70 milliliters of controls of the hot missible oil of cyanogen cotton bollworm, corn borer, the Jin Gang of mass concentration 70% to bore;
(7) harvest time: during the beginning of autumn to Cold Dew, also be during early August to early October, enter harvesting by reproductive growth; Therebetween: A, in time remove empty branch, invalid flower bud, extract invalid flower the first tenday period of a month in September; B, every mu spray 50 milliliters of controls of mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pink bollworm; C, early October convert 20 kilograms of sprays of water field with mass concentration 40% ethrel 150 grams for every mu and accelerate the ripening; D, in time pick up flower, shine flower, classification is sold;
(8) the crop rotation phase: during the Frost's Descent to slight snow, also be during mid-October to late November, behind the cotton harvesting, carry out rice field-upland field rotation and change crops, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
Statistics: the mu fruit branch is several 60,000, mu fruit joint number 250,000, and the total bell of mu is several 7.5 ten thousand, and single bell weighs 4 grams, lint percentage 35%, 100 kilograms of mu lint yields.
Claims (1)
1. cotton leaf age mode cultivation method is characterized in that this cotton culture method may further comprise the steps:
(1) the seedbed phase: during frightened the biting, also is early December during the early March at heavy snow, in conjunction with the winter turn over freeze upturned soil, vegetable soil, the nutritive cube soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; The whole seedbed of normalization is dug and is overlapped ditch: 4 meter one furrow, wide 30 centimetres, dark 33 centimetres of dead furrow, 1 meter of the edge of a field ditch depth, 3.3 meters of seedbed clear span; Before the beginning of spring, thin night soil 4-5 load is executed in per 10 meters seedbeds, 2 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 grams; The alms bowl of fertilising back system diameter 6-7cm on the seedbed, flat, the native foot of alms bowl in the bed end;
(2) sowing time: biting between lucid interval frightened, also is that sowing growth, Clear and Bright emerge during mid-March to early April; Seed treatment: A, 3-4 sun of seed Exposure to Sunlight; B, the healthy and strong black seed of choosing; C, 55 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds 30 minutes stirred once every 10 minutes; 6 milliliters of the mepiquat chlorides of 0.5 kilogram of the carbendazim of D, mass concentration 25%, mass concentration 25%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate are converted 50 kilograms in water for 1 kilogram and were soaked 25 kilograms of cotton seed 4-6 hours; Handle in the seedbed: the bed bottom pour mold foot water in A, seedbed, and wear the alms bowl heart with twig and do not split; The field benefit missible oil 200-250 gram of executing of B, mass concentration 33% is converted 40 kilograms in water, 20 meters seedbeds of per 3 kilograms of soups spray; C, at bed alms bowl upper seeding wheel, the nutrition soil of multiple 1.0-1.5 cm thick; D, overlay film sealing, 35 centimetres on support is high;
(3) cotton seedling stage: during Clear and Bright to grain rains, also be April early and middle ten days during the late April, cottonseed is emerged and is grown to 3 leaves, 1 core and form and transplant strong sprout, inner differentiation phyllogen radix is 7, differentiation fruit branch number is 3,3-4 of differentiation fruit joint number; Be seeded into and emerge 10-12 days, 1 leaf period interval 15 days, 2 leaf growths need 10-12 days, and 2-3 interlobar septum 5-6 days according to the same relation of stretching of cotton seedling leaf bell and leaf primordium and flower bud differentiation, regulates and control to make cotton to send out short strong morning by the leaf bell; Sowing is principle to the stage of emerging with " the neat seedling of high temperature ", and temperature is at 40-45 °; Full stand to the one leaf phase is a principle with " thermophilic comes into leaves ", and temperature is at 25-30 °; Concretely, behind the Qi Miao during 80% cotton young plant Ye Pingzhan, ventilation suitably burrows, rising along with temperature, it is ascending, from less to more to punch, only punch before two leaves and do not take off film, and when accomplishing to punch by late early, when closing the hole by early to late, center on 25-30 ° of cotton seedling suitable growth developmental temperature all the time; Two leaf stage is a principle with " cooling inspires ", and temperature is at 19-20 °; According to axillalry bud differentiation requirement, it is 19-20 ° that fruit branch forms optimal temperature, and two leaf stage is the critical period of the critical leaf bell of axillalry bud differentiation fruit branch bud, and is too high as temperature, then is unfavorable for the formation of bud, buddings and postpone, and improves fruit branch beginning joint position; Progressively practice seedling after tri-leaf period: calm fine day is taken off film all around, and the leeward film of taking off of strong wind weather is overcast and rainy ventilative, all take off film until first three sky of transplanting and practice seedling, but film can not be from bed in case Changes in weather be rainy; Therebetween, the anti-string of spray medicine diseases prevention seedling: convert 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of water by mass concentration 25% carbendazim 25 grams, 1 milliliter of mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams, leaf margin has dewdrop;
(4) vegetative period: the Beginning of summer during the Grain Full, also be that cotton transplantation of seedlings grows to 7 leaf cotton plants during the first tenday period of a month in May to late May, comprise transplanting and management and plant the back management, transplanting and management: A, band rope trench digging; B, burrow and water; C, fertilising: execute 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 15 kilograms of superphosphate, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu; D, transplanting, a foot water alive is watered in every mu of 3500-4000 strain; Plant back management: A, transplant to loosen the soil in 20 days after living and heat; B, root spray phosphorus potash fertilizer liquid tiller outward, i.e. 20 meters seedbeds of 10 kilograms of sprays of 10 kilograms of each mass concentration 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphates and mass concentration 1% urea;
(5) bud stage: Grain in Ear between midsummer, also be early June to late June during, begin behind cotton plant 7 leaves that relay, 8 leaves beginning flower bud, 10 leaves enter vigorous vegetative growth phase, 17 leaves are seen flower; When cotton plant stem the 10th leaf, the 15th leaf, convert 30 kilograms of sprayings of water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 8ml and 10ml respectively for every mu, when stem the 12nd leaf, execute pig miscellaneous fertilizers 30 load for every mu, or 50 kilograms in cake fertilizer;
(6) the knot bell phase: during being deployed to big administration for a short time, during also being early July to late July, when cotton plant stem 17 leaves, first fruit branch, first flower bud knot bell of blooming, the seat peach that grows up to the 2cm size after 10 days, progress into generative growth phase later on, respectively when cotton plant stem 18 leaves and 22 leaves every mu execute fertile 15 kilograms and 10 kilograms of colored bell, Hua Lingfei is the composite fertilizer of mass concentration 45%; When cotton plant stem 20 leaves, convert water with mass concentration 25% mepiquat chloride 12ml and bind for 30 kilograms for every mu; When cotton plant stem 23-24 leaf, pinch; Therebetween, every mu is adopted 70 milliliters of the hot missible oil of cyanogen of mass concentration 70% or 300 times of liquid of 1.8 gram Avermectin to prevent and treat cotton bollworm, corn borer, Jin Gang brill;
(7) harvest time: during the beginning of autumn to Cold Dew, also be during early August to early October, enter harvesting by reproductive growth; Therebetween: A, in time remove empty branch, invalid flower bud, extract invalid flower the first tenday period of a month in September; B, every mu spray 50 milliliters of controls of mass concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate pink bollworm; C, early October convert 20 kilograms of sprays of water field with mass concentration 40% ethrel 150 grams for every mu and accelerate the ripening; D, in time pick up flower, shine flower, classification is sold;
(8) the crop rotation phase: during the Frost's Descent to slight snow, also be during mid-October to late November, behind the cotton harvesting, carry out rice field-upland field rotation and change crops, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103404357A (en) * | 2013-08-24 | 2013-11-27 | 新疆金丰源种业股份有限公司 | Seedling keeping method for Xinjiang precise sowing cotton fields |
| CN104705051A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-17 | 南阳市农业科学院 | Cotton seedling transplantation method |
| CN105359799A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 曹卫军 | Single-seedling double-branch cotton planting method |
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| CN109197482A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-15 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A method of adjusting cotton plant type structure |
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| CN101743893A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2010-06-23 | 郁水群 | Method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution |
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| CN103404357A (en) * | 2013-08-24 | 2013-11-27 | 新疆金丰源种业股份有限公司 | Seedling keeping method for Xinjiang precise sowing cotton fields |
| CN103404357B (en) * | 2013-08-24 | 2015-08-26 | 新疆金丰源种业股份有限公司 | Keep a full stand of seedings method in cotton in Xinjiang precision drilling cotton field |
| CN104705051A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-17 | 南阳市农业科学院 | Cotton seedling transplantation method |
| CN105359799A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 曹卫军 | Single-seedling double-branch cotton planting method |
| CN105359799B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-01-19 | 曹卫军 | A kind of cotton planting method of the double branches of single seedling |
| CN107306564A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-03 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | A kind of northern cold area paddy rice leaf age diagnosis regulation and control fertilizing method |
| CN107306564B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-06-09 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Method for diagnosing, regulating and fertilizing leaf age of rice in northern cold region |
| CN109197482A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-15 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A method of adjusting cotton plant type structure |
| CN116138126A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-05-23 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Cigar cover cultivation method based on mountain natural shading |
| CN116138126B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-10-13 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Cigar cover cultivation method based on mountain natural shading |
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