Method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil method, relate in particular to a kind of method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution.
Background technology
The cotton nutrition seedling transplanting technique is since promoting the seventies in last century, to improving cotton quality and promoting the two high yields of grain and cotton to bring into play important function.Up to today, although nutrition bowl seedling transplanting labour intensity is big, time-consuming, efficient is low, but still is the main seedling-cultivating method in national vast cotton region.Enter 21st century, domestic many R﹠D institutions and production unit, for alleviating raising seedling of cotton labour intensity, reduce seedling cost, further investigate at the Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil technical elements, occurred people such as " cotton ' two does not have two and changes ' culture technique " of people's researchs such as " Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil pot-free transplanting method ", the Mao Shuchun of Cotton Inst., Chinese Agricultural Academy of people such as the Yang Tie of Inst. of Cotton ﹠. Oil-Bearing Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences steel research and Agricultural University Of Hunan Chen Jin Hunan in succession and studied " cotton water floats seedling growing process ".Wherein preceding two kinds of methods are the DNAcarrier free root-naked transplanting of soilless-cultivated seedling, and seedbed management is loaded down with trivial details in these two kinds of methods, and substrates quantity is excessive, and awake of transplanting is slower, and is undesired as weather, also seedling death phenomenon can occur; A kind of method in back is that soilless-cultivated seedling band carrier is transplanted, the restive easy formation excessive growth seedling of this method seedbed moisture, these methods are since coming out, although for various reasons, the area that demonstration is promoted is also little, but has raised brand-new one page on Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil history.
The cotton transplanting hole tray seedling is the heavy work that solves cotton nutrition seedling raising and transplanting area cotton grower, improves the limited approach of output of cotton and quality.Publication number is the grow cotton matrix and the method for transplanting hole tray seedling of 200510048552.0 Chinese patent one, mentioned with peat, shajiang black soil and the formulated by a certain percentage matrix of vermiculite, obtain marked improvement aspect raising output of cotton and the quality, but still having a series of deficiencies.This method rich water quality management is loaded down with trivial details, and the peasant is difficult to grasp, and this invention is owing to adopt end plastics cave dish is arranged, the following absorption of stretching with nutrition that has influenced cotton shoot root system, and the root system nutrition area that this method is grown seedlings is little, and cultivation is difficult strong sprout; No old paper covering behind the planting seed causes the phenomenon slow and uneven or that the band shell is emerged of emerging easily.Therefore, should provide new technical scheme to address the above problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: provide a kind of and can improve raising seedling of cotton efficient, reduce seedling cost, degeneration-resistant combat a natural disaster strong, the method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution that saves labor.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution comprises the steps:
A, with peat and perlite by 2.5~3.5: 1.5~2.5 mass ratio is mixed and makes matrix, again matrix is scooped up and make its moisture content reach 60% after thin water spray stirs, matrix after mixing thoroughly is packed in the vesicle dish, with strong sprout short root liquid squirt the matrix top layer of sabot back and forth;
B, be seeded in the vesicle dish after selected cotton seed basked seeds, the seed in every cave, broadcast in each cave central authorities, the seed tip down, sowing depth is to downward 0.3~0.6cm place, cave disk base material surface, after planting the paper that has soaked with one deck covers the cave panel surface, covers the thick matrix of one deck 0.3~0.6cm on paper again;
C, with the double-deck soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom lining, then the cave dish is put in the seedbed of preparation together with the soft gauze pad of moulding, when putting dish the cave dish is closely arranged, the cave panel surface is closely covered one deck mulch film, and strains straight.
After d, cave dish are put into the seedbed, the protection of use small arched shed, when seed has 50% to see seedling, remove old paper and upper epidermis thing thereof, the width of hole pressing dish spacing 6~9cm rearranges the cave dish then, and in the seedbed, inject grow seedling nutritional liquid, the degree of depth is 1~2cm, after the nutrient solution evaporation has absorbed in the seedbed, replenishes once in 5~7 days, when replenishing, clear water and nutrient solution hocket at interval;
After e, cotton seedling all sprouted, under the normal weather, small arched shed top on daytime overlay film was got a foothold and is ventilated, and before a true leaf launches, closes ventilating opening evening, after a true leaf launches, has stayed ventilating opening round the clock, meets cold wave and strong wind and heavy rain weather, epiphragma protection in time;
F, cotton seedling reach three leaves wholeheartedly the time, can play transplantation of seedlings, and the soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom is separated between root system, gently pull out cotton shoot root base portion, keep root system complete.
Further, the vesicle dish is the vesicle dish of the no end among the step a, the long 26~56cm of cave dish specification, wide 10~14cm, hole, every dish 24~48 cave, every cave internal diameter 2~4cm suitable for reading, end opening internal diameter 0.5~2cm, cave hole depth 3~6cm.
Further, among the step a strong sprout short root liquid be with strong sprout rooting promoter and water by 0.5~1.5: 490~510 mass ratio mixed preparing forms, described strong sprout, the main component of rooting promoter was that mass concentration is that 15% paclobutrazol, mass concentration are that 95% compound sodium nitrophenolate and mass concentration are 50% carbendazim, and described three's mass ratio is 1: 1.2~1.8: 9~13.
Further, the long 450~550cm of the specification of seedbed described in the step c, wide 95~115cm, dark 8~12cm, the bottom, seedbed reaches the film of laying 0.08-0.1mm all around.The described soft gauze pad main component of moulding is rare for poly-third second, the long 26~60cm of gauze pad specification, wide 10~18cm, the grid length of side 1~3cm, gauze pad single monolayer thick 0.3~0.8cm.
Further, in the steps d grow seedling nutritional liquid be with special fertilizer for seedling culture and water by 0.5~1.5: 900~1100 mass ratio mixed configuration forms, it is that 15%~20% nitrogen element, mass percent are 15%~20% P elements that described special fertilizer for seedling culture contains mass percent, mass percent is 15%~20% potassium element, and surplus is trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention compares with traditional nutrition bowl seedling transplanting method, production cost, labour intensity significantly reduce, output of cotton increases, the present invention compares with existing soilless-cultivated seedling method, it is loaded down with trivial details to have solved soilless-cultivated seedling method rich water quality management, and seedling body standing area is too small, and the seedling body is thin and delicate or easily form the excessive growth seedling, transplant awake and wait shortcoming slowly, thereby broken through Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil full stand, strong sprout, slow seedling three big difficulties.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution comprises the steps:
A, peat and perlite be mixed by 2.5: 1.5 mass ratio make matrix, again matrix is scooped up and make its moisture content reach 60% after thin water spray stirs, matrix after mixing thoroughly is packed in the vesicle dish, the vesicle dish is the vesicle dish of the no end, long 26~the 56cm of cave dish specification, wide 10~14cm, hole, every dish 24~48 cave, every cave internal diameter 2~4cm suitable for reading, end opening internal diameter 0.5~2cm, cave hole depth 3~6cm, with strong sprout short root liquid squirt the matrix top layer of sabot back and forth, strong sprout short root liquid be with strong sprout rooting promoter and water form by 0.5: 490 mass ratio mixed configuration, wherein strong sprout rooting promoter main component be that mass percent is that 0.02% mass concentration is 15% paclobutrazol, mass percent is that 0.025% mass concentration is 95% compound sodium nitrophenolate, and mass percent is that 0.19% mass concentration is 50% carbendazim.
B, be seeded in the vesicle dish after selected cotton seed basked seeds, the seed in every cave, broadcast in each cave central authorities, the seed tip down, sowing depth is to downward 0.3cm place, cave disk base material surface, after planting the paper that has soaked with one deck covers the cave panel surface, covers the thick matrix of one deck 0.3cm on paper again;
C, with the double-deck soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom lining, the soft gauze pad main component of moulding is rare for poly-third second, the long 26~60cm of gauze pad specification, wide 10~18cm, the grid length of side 1~3cm, gauze pad single monolayer thick 0.3~0.8cm, then the cave dish is put in the seedbed of preparation together with the soft gauze pad of moulding, long 450~the 550cm of seedbed specification, wide 95~115cm, dark 8~12cm, around reaching, the bottom, seedbed lays the film of 0.08-0.1mm, when putting dish the cave dish is closely arranged, the cave panel surface is closely covered one deck mulch film, and strains straight.
After d, cave dish are put into the seedbed; the protection of use small arched shed; when seed has 50% to see seedling; remove old paper and upper epidermis thing thereof; the width of hole pressing dish spacing 6cm rearranges the cave dish then; and in the seedbed, inject grow seedling nutritional liquid; the degree of depth is 1cm; grow seedling nutritional liquid is that special fertilizer for seedling culture and the water mass ratio mixed configuration by 0.5: 900 is formed; it is that 15% nitrogen element, mass percent are 15% P elements that special fertilizer for seedling culture contains mass percent; mass percent is 15% potassium element, and surplus is trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum.After the nutrient solution evaporation has absorbed in the seedbed, replenished once in 5~7 days, when replenishing, clear water and nutrient solution hocket at interval.
After e, cotton seedling all sprouted, under the normal weather, small arched shed top on daytime overlay film was got a foothold and is ventilated, and before a true leaf launches, closes ventilating opening evening, after a true leaf launches, has stayed ventilating opening round the clock, meets cold wave and strong wind and heavy rain weather, epiphragma protection in time;
F, cotton seedling reach three leaves wholeheartedly the time, can play transplantation of seedlings, and the soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom is separated between root system, gently pull out cotton shoot root base portion, keep root system complete.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution comprises the steps:
A, peat and perlite be mixed by 3: 2 mass ratio make matrix, again matrix is scooped up and make its moisture content reach 60% after thin water spray stirs, matrix after mixing thoroughly is packed in the vesicle dish, the vesicle dish is the vesicle dish of the no end, long 26~the 56cm of cave dish specification, wide 10~14cm, hole, every dish 24~48 cave, every cave internal diameter 2~4cm suitable for reading, end opening internal diameter 0.5~2cm, cave hole depth 3~6cm, with strong sprout short root liquid squirt the matrix top layer of sabot back and forth, strong sprout short root liquid be with strong sprout rooting promoter and water form by 1: 500 mass ratio mixed preparing, wherein strong sprout rooting promoter main component be that mass percent is that 0.02% mass concentration is 15% paclobutrazol, mass percent is that 0.03% mass concentration is 95% compound sodium nitrophenolate, and mass percent is that 0.2% mass concentration is 50% carbendazim.
B, be seeded in the vesicle dish after selected cotton seed basked seeds, the seed in every cave, broadcast in each cave central authorities, the seed tip down, sowing depth is to downward 0.5cm place, cave disk base material surface, after planting the paper that has soaked with one deck covers the cave panel surface, covers the thick matrix of one deck 0.5cm on paper again.
C, with the double-deck soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom lining, the soft gauze pad main component of moulding is rare for poly-third second, the long 26~60cm of gauze pad specification, wide 10~18cm, the grid length of side 1~3cm, gauze pad single monolayer thick 0.3~0.8cm, then the cave dish is put in the seedbed of preparation together with the soft gauze pad of moulding, long 450~the 550cm of seedbed specification, wide 95~115cm, dark 8~12cm, around reaching, the bottom, seedbed lays the film of 0.08-0.1mm, when putting dish the cave dish is closely arranged, the cave panel surface is closely covered one deck mulch film, and strains straight.
After d, cave dish are put into the seedbed; the protection of use small arched shed; when seed has 50% to see seedling; remove old paper and upper epidermis thing thereof; the width of hole pressing dish spacing 8cm rearranges the cave dish then; and in the seedbed, inject grow seedling nutritional liquid; the degree of depth is 1.5cm; grow seedling nutritional liquid is that special fertilizer for seedling culture and the water mass ratio mixed configuration by 1: 1000 is formed; it is that 19% nitrogen element, mass percent are 19% P elements that special fertilizer for seedling culture contains mass percent; mass percent is 19% potassium element, and surplus is trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum.After the nutrient solution evaporation has absorbed in the seedbed, replenished once in 5~7 days, when replenishing, clear water and nutrient solution hocket at interval.
After e, cotton seedling all sprouted, under the normal weather, small arched shed top on daytime overlay film was got a foothold and is ventilated, and before a true leaf launches, closes ventilating opening evening, after a true leaf launches, has stayed ventilating opening round the clock, meets cold wave and strong wind and heavy rain weather, epiphragma protection in time.
F, cotton seedling reach three leaves wholeheartedly the time, can play transplantation of seedlings, and the soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom is separated between root system, gently pull out cotton shoot root base portion, keep root system complete.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution comprises the steps:
A, peat and perlite be mixed by 3.5: 2.5 mass ratio make matrix, again matrix is scooped up and make its moisture content reach 60% after thin water spray stirs, matrix after mixing thoroughly is packed in the vesicle dish, the vesicle dish is the vesicle dish of the no end, long 26~the 56cm of cave dish specification, wide 10~14cm, hole, every dish 24~48 cave, every cave internal diameter 2~4cm suitable for reading, end opening internal diameter 0.5~2cm, cave hole depth 3~6cm, with strong sprout short root liquid squirt the matrix top layer of sabot back and forth, strong sprout short root liquid be with strong sprout rooting promoter and water form by 1.5: 510 mass ratio mixed configuration, wherein strong sprout rooting promoter main component be that mass percent is that 0.02% mass concentration is 15% paclobutrazol, mass percent is that 0.035% mass concentration is 95% compound sodium nitrophenolate, and mass percent is that 0.25% mass concentration is 50% carbendazim.
B, be seeded in the vesicle dish after selected cotton seed basked seeds, the seed in every cave, broadcast in each cave central authorities, the seed tip down, sowing depth is to downward 0.6cm place, cave disk base material surface, after planting the paper that has soaked with one deck covers the cave panel surface, covers the thick matrix of one deck 0.6cm on paper again.
C, with the double-deck soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom lining, the soft gauze pad main component of moulding is rare for poly-third second, the long 26~60cm of gauze pad specification, wide 10~18cm, the grid length of side 1~3cm, gauze pad single monolayer thick 0.3~0.8cm, then the cave dish is put in the seedbed of preparation together with the soft gauze pad of moulding, long 450~the 550cm of seedbed specification, wide 95~115cm, dark 8~12cm, around reaching, the bottom, seedbed lays the film of 0.08-0.1mm, when putting dish the cave dish is closely arranged, the cave panel surface is closely covered one deck mulch film, and strains straight.
After d, cave dish are put into the seedbed; the protection of use small arched shed; when seed has 50% to see seedling; remove old paper and upper epidermis thing thereof; the width of hole pressing dish spacing 9cm rearranges the cave dish then; and in the seedbed, inject grow seedling nutritional liquid; the degree of depth is 2cm; grow seedling nutritional liquid is that special fertilizer for seedling culture and the water mass ratio mixed configuration by 1.5: 1100 is formed; it is that 20% nitrogen element, mass percent are 20% P elements that special fertilizer for seedling culture contains mass percent; mass percent is 20% potassium element, and surplus is trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum.After the nutrient solution evaporation has absorbed in the seedbed, replenished once in 5~7 days, when replenishing, clear water and nutrient solution hocket at interval.
After e, cotton seedling all sprouted, under the normal weather, small arched shed top on daytime overlay film was got a foothold and is ventilated, and before a true leaf launches, closes ventilating opening evening, after a true leaf launches, has stayed ventilating opening round the clock, meets cold wave and strong wind and heavy rain weather, epiphragma protection in time.
F, cotton seedling reach three leaves wholeheartedly the time, can play transplantation of seedlings, and the soft gauze pad of moulding of cave tray bottom is separated between root system, gently pull out cotton shoot root base portion, keep root system complete.
Method for breeding cotton in small-hole tray with superficial-layer nutrient solution of the present invention, the paper that has after planting soaked with one deck covers the cave panel surface, and old paper uses as covering behind planting seed, thereby realizes the thin blinding of upper seeding kind, emerge fast and neat, can the shell phenomenon of emerging not occur being with because of upper seeding; Vesicle dish, strong sprout promoter application, effectively solved the problem in strong sprout, the certain intervals distance is arranged between the vesicle dish, guarantee that seedling ventilates. Strong sprout, promoter can prevent cave dish seedling excessive growth effectively, thereby had realized that seedling is strong; The application of no basion dish is conducive to the lower of root system stretches, and increases the room of root system, is difficult for hindering root when getting seedling; Cave dish seedling is in does not do not wet condition, is conducive to healthy seedling and cultivates; Soft application of moulding gauze pad, preserve moisture and fertility, the protection root system can reduce simultaneously moisture in the dish of cave, the cotton seedling of ageing, growing seedlings to compare with cotton nutrition has seven big advantages:
1, saves with planting. The good cotton seed planting percent of the present invention reaches more than 90%, obviously reduces the risk of mashed bud and dead seedling, saves cotton seed more than 40% than feeding block seedlings raising.
2, save the seedbed. The present invention saves seedbed area 65% than feeding block seedlings raising.
3, efficient volume increase. The cotton seedling that the present invention produces does not have the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, and it is fast to wake up, and cotton is effectively tied the bell phase and extended forward 5-7 days, and contrast test shows and can increase production about 10%.
4, degeneration-resistant anti-disaster ability is strong. The present invention one has blocked the soil disease and pest, and cotton in seedling stage does not have the harm such as damping-off, anthracnose, stem rot and cutworm; The 2nd, sow and not limited by weather, can be in indoor seeding, weather can be moved to the seedbed after taking a turn for the better.
5, breed seedling emergence rate height, robust plant. The present invention has thoroughly overcome the high pin seedling phenomenon that the non-soil culture technology occurs in growing seedlings.
6, save labor. Method for culturing seedlings of the present invention is simple, transplants easyly, and it is convenient to get Miao Yunmiao, saves 2/3rds labours.
7, cost. The present invention saves with a series of inputs such as kind, recruitments, and through measuring and calculating, can save for every mu and drop into about 100 yuan, but and the production efficiency of Effective Raise raising seedling of cotton and transplanting, the peasant takes like a shot.
The present invention is applicable to the cotton district of transplanting in the Yellow River, Yangtze river basin spring, can be in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi etc. are main produces cotton provinces and regions and use.