CN101779560B - Factory culturing method for sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops - Google Patents
Factory culturing method for sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops Download PDFInfo
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- CN101779560B CN101779560B CN2010101101410A CN201010110141A CN101779560B CN 101779560 B CN101779560 B CN 101779560B CN 2010101101410 A CN2010101101410 A CN 2010101101410A CN 201010110141 A CN201010110141 A CN 201010110141A CN 101779560 B CN101779560 B CN 101779560B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a factory culturing method for sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a culturing pool matrix, selecting seedlings, cutting seedlings, cutting, adding or pouring a nutrient fluid, and cutting the section seedling, and then the seedling with root and top is cultured. A support disc can be arranged on an agriculture film at the bottom of the culturing pool, the matrix is arranged on the surface of the support disc, and the nutrient fluid is arranged under the surface of the support disc. The nutrient liquid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 48-52% of nitrate nitrogen three-element complex fertilizer, 25-30% of urea, 15-20% of potassium sulphate, 3-5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1-3% of copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and molybdenum. The invention has the advantages that the culture period is short; the seeding has apical dominance and has roots including main root, side root and storing root; the root can continuously grow after being planted into fields, the drought resistance performance is strong, and the seedling return period does not exist; the growth in the field in the early period is strong, the sweet potato is early to form, the quantity of the formed sweet potatoes is much, and the yield of the sweet potatoes is high; the operating method is simple, and the integration cost is low.
Description
One. technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of sweet potato's seedlings, especially a kind of factory culturing method that supplies the band roots and tops seedling of sweet potato land for growing field crops production usefulness.
Two. background technology
The sweet potato land for growing field crops produces and goes up the seedling that uses at present; Be with potato seed early spring through vernalization; Or the seedling of surviving the winter adopts safeguard measure to produce first seedling in the method for green sprouting, and again with the climing 15-20cm that is cut into of the stem of these seedlings, a section seed that has the 4-5 leaf segment is implanted on the arable land.When the climing length of potato arrives 50-60cm, cut, use again with quadrat method and plant numerous seedling, up to according to plan, reach enough lands for growing field crops and produce the time spent, be cut into Duan Miao with above same method, supply the land for growing field crops to produce and use.
Over nearly 10 years, agri-scientific research personnel in all parts of the country to the systemic infection of virus disease to sweet potato, cause output, the serious problem that descends of quality, carry out the fast numerous technical research and the popularization of sweet potato detoxification and detoxification test tube plantlet.Like Longyan, the Fujian institute of agricultural sciences, Agricultural University Of Anhui, sweet potato research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, academy of agricultural sciences, table mountain, Henan etc. the fast breeding technique of sweet potato detoxification and tissue cultivating seedling has been carried out deep research." method for producing sweet potato's seedlings " patent of invention (patent No. is 00118652.3) of Japan Nisshinbo Industries Inc discloses the backing material that a kind of employing contains vermiculite and cellulose fiber; The sweet potato explant is carried out tissue culture, produce the method for the sweet potato's seedlings that has formed tuber root.Be characterized in: the medium to the sweet potato tissue cultural seedlings of free is reformed, and it is more responsive to the pollution of outside bacterium to have overcome original sweet potato tissue culture, the shortcoming that need under aseptic condition, carry out; Seedling can directly be seeded in the nursery soil, need not do the environmental suitability cultivation, numerous seedling rapid speed.
But these seedling growing processs all are after tissue culture sprout quick is numerous, begin from breeder's stock production, to producing original seed; To the production potato seed, in each stage of producing, also continue to use traditional seedling, seedling-breeding method cut to the land for growing field crops; It is longer that ubiquity returns seedling stage, and drought resistance is relatively poor, the problem that growth potential is more weak.At present, less to the breeding method research of the used a large amount of potato seedlings of land for growing field crops production.
Three. summary of the invention
Inst. of Agricultural Science, Longyan City, Fujian Prov. be national sweet potato industrialization system at the complex experiment station in Longyan, the member of this seminar is the executive expert of this technical system.It is our important content that research can directly supply the sweet potato land for growing field crops to produce the sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops method for quickly breeding that uses.Have the principle of apical dominance according to plant, the climing top Duan Miao of sweet potato stem also has growth vigor, shows through our experimental study result, and sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops ratio 2,3 sections seedlings can increase production 15-32%, on average increases production 24%.And in traditional land for growing field crops produced, the top seedling only accounted for about 30%, and is not with root, and the same drought-resistant ability with the section of falling 2-3 seedling is relatively poor relatively, returns seedling stage.
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of factory culturing method that supplies the band roots and tops seedling of sweet potato land for growing field crops production usefulness, overcomes the above-mentioned deficiency in the background technology.
The present invention adopts following technical method to realize:
It comprises following steps:
(1) build nursery pond: put in order out wide 0.8-1.2m with growing seedlings, dark 10-20cm, long 10-20m nursery pond, smooth on a horizontal plane at the bottom of the nursery pond; Spread plastic sheeting for farm use; Pour seedling medium into, thickness is 10-20cm, and this matrix is soil by weight 60-70%, and all the other are carbonized rice husks or edible mushroom waste mushroom stick or agricultural crop straw pulverizing body or their mixture;
(2) the seed selection seedling, cut seedling: selects the sweet potato stem more than no damage by disease and insect band 2 leaf segments climing, cut every section seedling band 2 leaf segments;
(3) cuttage: general oblique cutting Duan Miao, specification 20 * 20cm waters normal root water;
(4) add or irritate nutrient solution: added nutrient solution in 2 days after the cuttage, wait to do and added nutrient solution once more in back 2 days, by that analogy, up to cutting seedling;
(5) the section seedling of cutting repeats above-mentioned steps, up to the Duan Miao that can cut with 2 leaf segments;
(6) breeding of band roots and tops seedling: with the section seedling cuttages of 2 leaf segments in seedling medium, specification 10 * 10cm, through watering normal root water, Ensure Liquid liquid, can cultivate after 10 days band roots and tops seedling.
Also can establish one deck pallet on the plastic sheeting for farm use of said nursery pond bottom, matrix on the pallet face, thickness 8-15cm, nutrient solution under the pallet face, degree of depth 1-3cm.
Described nutrient solution prescription is by weight percentage: nitrate nitrogen type NPK 48-52%, urea 25-30%, potassium sulphate 15-20%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5%, cupric, zinc, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum trace element 1-3%.
Our experimental study result shows, adopts the inventive method to grow seedlings, and plants the back 10 days new long climing 10cm of reaching of stem, grows up to 40cm in 20 days, grows up to 60-70cm (and conventional method field seedling raising 30 days can only long 30cm) in 30 days.When the climing length of stem arrives the 60cm left and right sides, can cut seedling, carry out numerous seedling again by above method.
Table 1 is numerous seedling speed, is example with autumn potato plantation on July 20, and April 20 is with 100 numerous seedlings of the climing beginning of 60cm stem; Can cut 600 kinds of 2 leaf segment section seedlings and go into the substrate seedling pond,, can cut 3600 Duan Miao by cutting seedling-growing method equally to climing the length about 60cm of stem in 20 o'clock Mays; To in kind numerous again seedling on June 20, can get 21600 Duan Miao, add cut seedling May 20 after; It is climing to grow stem again, can cut 3600 Duan Miao, amounts to 25200 Duan Miao; To July 10 field planting bred band roots and tops seedling in preceding 10 days; At this moment June kind on the 20th the climing 40cm that grows of stem long; In kind cut seedling again, can get 100800 Duan Miao, add that kind on the 20th was cut seedling to grow stem again climing on June 20 May; Can cut 14000 Duan Miao, be with 114800 of 2 leaf segment section seedlings altogether.Through 10 days cultivation, just can cultivate July 20 114800 strains of band roots and tops seedling.With 600 of April 20 be radix, numerous seedling coefficient is 191.3 just, is 15.9 times of the numerous seedling coefficient 12 of Comparative Examples (4 leaf segment Duan Miao, tradition breeding).Certainly because of kind is different, the climing gene of control long shoot also can be variant, and therefore numerous seedling speed is also variant.Cultivate 11.5 ten thousand strain band roots and tops seedlings, only need 0.15hm
2Day-light greenhouse can supply 2.39h m
2The land for growing field crops is with seedling (about 1: 16).
The numerous seedling speed of table 1
Annotate: the climing length of stem is the climing length of seedling stem of preceding first phase kind in the table, the 2 leaf segment seedling numbers that the seedling number can be cut for these seedlings.
The yield of sweet potato of the different seedling raising mannerses of table 2
Annotate: the sub-district area is 14.3m
2, data are the mean of three repetitions.
Table 2 is the yield of sweet potato of different seedling raising mannerses; Result of the test shows that example 1 is because of moisture content polyoxy unsaturated vapor in the nutritious liquid pallet cave at the bottom of the nursery pond; Can only grow aquatic fibrous root on the leaf segment down; Kind go into behind the land for growing field crops not only that these roots can not form the piece root, and the again not long piece root of this joint, though therefore there is apical dominance output only fair with Comparative Examples.Example 3 is a plastic pallet upper berth 10cm matrix; Leaf segment is only to the plastic pallet face under the seedling, and on this site, water, fertilizer, gas phase are suitable; Leaf segment grows under the seedling just has main root, lateral root and tuber root; Do not return seedling stage after planting the land for growing field crops, tuber root can form the piece root very soon, and the yield of sweet potato comparison is than implementing raising the output 24%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. cultivation period is fast, cultivates through 10 days, can cultivate band root band terminal bud potato seedling.
2. seedling has apical dominance and band root, comprises main root, lateral root, tuber root, plants root system ability continued growth behind the land for growing field crops, and drought resistance is strong, does not return seedling stage, and early stage, the field growing way was stronger.
3. formed tuber root seedling stage, the knot potato early, the knot potato is many, and output is higher.
4. method of operating is simple, and integrated cost is low.
Four. description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the factory culturing method nursery pond schematic cross-section of sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops proposed by the invention.
Fig. 2 is another embodiment nursery pond schematic cross-section of factory culturing method of sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops proposed by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the band roots and tops seedling of cultivating with the inventive method.
Five. embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, be chosen in the nursery pond [4] of putting in order out wide 1m, dark 20cm, long 15m in the plastic tunnel, nursery pond [4] end, is smooth on a horizontal plane; Spread two layers of plastic sheeting for farm use [3]; Pour seedling medium [2] into, thickness is 15cm, and this matrix [2] 60% is soil by weight, and all the other are carbonized rice husks; Select the above sweet potato stem of no damage by disease and insect band 2 leaf segments climing, cut to such an extent that every root segment seedling [1] is with 2 leaf segments; Oblique cutting Duan Miao [1], specification 20 * 20cm waters normal root water; Sprayed in 2 days after the cuttage or pouring nutrient solution [6], wait to do and added nutrient solution [6] once more in back 2 days, by that analogy, up to cutting with the Duan Miao more than 2 leaf segments [1]; The Duan Miao that cuts [1] repeats above-mentioned steps, up to the Duan Miao [1] that can cut with 2 leaf segments; When cultivating the use of band roots and tops seedling confession land for growing field crops; With with Duan Miao [1] cuttages of 2 leaf segments in seedling medium [2]; Specification 10 * 10cm; Through watering normal root water, sprinkling or pouring nutrient solution [6], can cultivate after 10 days the sweet potato's seedlings of long band main root [b], lateral root [a], tuber root [d] and the terminal bud [c] of 18cm.
Nutrient solution will often sprayed or water to this method to keep matrix moistening, is difficult to hold usage amount, compares the worker employed in a plant nursery, though available automatic irrigation equipment is invested bigger.
As shown in Figure 2, nursery pond [4] is with embodiment 1; Put into the pallet [5] of high 5cm; Pour seedling medium [2] into, the thickness on pallet [5] face is 12cm, and this matrix [2] and seedling culture method be with embodiment 1, nutrient solution [6] degree of depth 2cm that wherein adds.Can cultivate after 10 days the sweet potato's seedlings of long band main root [b], lateral root [a], tuber root [d] and the terminal bud [c] of 20cm.
This method cultivation period is fast, and 2 leaf segment Duan Miao [1] cultivated through 10 days, can cultivate the potato seedling of band root band terminal bud, and seedling has apical dominance, planting behind the land for growing field crops root system can continued growth, drought resistance is strong, does not return seedling stage; Early stage, the field growing way was stronger, and the knot potato early, the knot potato is many, and yield of sweet potato is higher.
Above embodiment is merely one of mode of the present invention's realization, to those skilled in the art, realize that the present invention also has different modes, but these different modes is all within claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the factory culturing method of a sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops is characterized in that it comprises following steps:
(1) build nursery pond [4]: put in order out wide 0.8-1.2m with growing seedlings, dark 10-20cm, long 10-20m nursery pond [4], nursery pond [4] end, is smooth on a horizontal plane; Spread plastic sheeting for farm use [3]; Pour seedling medium [2] into, thickness is 10-20cm, and this matrix [2] is soil by weight 60-70%, and all the other are carbonized rice husks or edible mushroom waste mushroom stick or agricultural crop straw pulverizing body or their mixture;
(2) the seed selection seedling, cut seedling: selects the sweet potato stem more than no damage by disease and insect band 2 leaf segments climing, cuts to such an extent that every Duan Miao [1] is with 2 leaf segments;
(3) cuttage: general oblique cutting Duan Miao [1], specification 20 * 20cm waters normal root water;
(4) add or irritate nutrient solution [6]: added nutrient solution [6] in 2 days after the cuttage, wait to do and added nutrient solution [6] once more in back 2 days, by that analogy, up to cutting seedling;
(5) Duan Miao that cuts [1] repeats above-mentioned steps, up to the Duan Miao [1] that can cut with 2 leaf segments;
(6) breeding of band roots and tops seedling: with Duan Miao [1] cuttages of 2 leaf segments in seedling medium [2], specification 10 * 10cm, through watering normal root water, Ensure Liquid liquid [6], get final product after 10 days band roots and tops seedling.
2. the factory culturing method of sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops according to claim 1; Its characteristic is provided with one deck pallet [5] as for nursery pond [4] bottom plastic sheeting for farm use [3], matrix [2] on pallet [5] face, thickness 8-15cm; Nutrient solution [6] under pallet [5] face, degree of depth 1-3cm.
3. the factory culturing method of sweet potato seedlings with roots and tops according to claim 1 and 2, its characteristic as for described nutrient solution [6] prescription is by weight percentage: nitrate nitrogen type NPK 48-52%, urea 25-30%, potassium sulphate 15-20%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5%, cupric, zinc, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum trace element 1-3%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102613032A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-01 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Seedling raising bed and seedling raising method for electric lighting greenhouse of sweet potatoes |
| CN103210778B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| RU2528212C1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-09-10 | Викторий Данилович Девяткин | Method of multiple uses of tops in growing several crops according to devyatkin vd |
| CN104145687A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedlings |
| CN105104139A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivating method for sweet potato seedlings with roots |
| CN106961984A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-21 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of bowl seeding cultivating method based on sweet potato vine |
| CN108156985A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-06-15 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sweet potato plants cuttage planting method |
| CN112753513B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-12-23 | 湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心 | Water culture rapid propagation method of selenium-rich leaf vegetable type sweet potatoes |
| CN114586623B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Annual breeding and supplying method for plateau sweet potato seedlings |
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Address after: 364000 Longyan City, Fujian province Xinluo District Po Bamboo Road No. 62 Patentee after: LONGYAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Address before: 364000 Longyan City, Fujian province Xinluo District Po Bamboo Road No. 62 Patentee before: Agricultural Research Institute of Longyan City Fujian Province |
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Effective date of registration: 20170510 Address after: 364400 Guilin, Fujian street, Zhangping, (southwest side of Yongfu Road, Zhangping) Patentee after: FUJIAN YUEFENG AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT CO.,LTD. Address before: 364000 Longyan City, Fujian province Xinluo District Po Bamboo Road No. 62 Patentee before: LONGYAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |
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