CN102613032A - Seedling raising bed and seedling raising method for electric lighting greenhouse of sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Seedling raising bed and seedling raising method for electric lighting greenhouse of sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102613032A CN102613032A CN2012101001464A CN201210100146A CN102613032A CN 102613032 A CN102613032 A CN 102613032A CN 2012101001464 A CN2012101001464 A CN 2012101001464A CN 201210100146 A CN201210100146 A CN 201210100146A CN 102613032 A CN102613032 A CN 102613032A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising bed for an electric lighting greenhouse of sweet potatoes. The seedling raising bed comprises a groove ridge built in the greenhouse, and an electric heating layer, a sandy soil isolating layer, a potato seed layer and a sandy soil covering layer that are sequentially laid in the groove ridge from the bottom up; and the electric heating layer is connected with an external power supply. The invention further discloses a seedling raising method for the electric lighting greenhouse of the sweet potatoes. The seedling bed is uniform in temperature; potato seedlings are healthy; controlling of the black rot of the sweet potatoes and raising of healthy and sound seedlings are import links for yield increase in the production; after the electric heating layer is powered on, the temperature of the whole bed is uniform, the temperature difference is very small, the black rot is controlled under the high temperature of 35 DEG C, the raised seedlings are healthy and sound, and the emerged seedlings are tidy and large in quantity; the temperature rise is reliable; the management is convenient; in the seedling bed with the electric heating layer, the temperature can be decreased by 1-2 DEG C per hour under good heat preservation conditions, and the temperature rise is faster compared with a heated brick bed; a temperature controller is adopted to automatically control the bed temperature, thereby being convenient, reliable, power-saving and labor-saving; and the cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling growing process, particularly relate to a kind of sweet potato electric heating nurse young plants in hothouses the bed and seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
It is the primary link during sweet potato produces that sweet potato is grown seedlings, and generally grows seedlings with the piece root and carries out vegetative propagation.Existing seedling raising manners comprises: improve back that grow seedlings in imperial fiery pit, ferment material hotbed covered with plastic film is grown seedlings, the cold bed covered with plastic film is grown seedlings etc.Improve back the seedling growing process that grow seedlings in imperial fiery pit and ferment material hotbed covered with plastic film is grown seedlings, the implementation of control seedling bed temperature is tradition comparatively, and temperature is wayward, and higher to operator's Capability Requirement, and operating more wastes time and energy; And the cold bed covered with plastic film seedling growing process of growing seedlings, only improving temperature through plastic film comes nursery stage in advance, bigger to the dependence of natural weather environment, and can not improve the output and the quality of rice shoot effectively.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of sweet potato seedling growing process, can shift to an earlier date nursery stage effectively, and improves the output and the quality of sweet potato rice shoot, increases economic efficiency.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The present invention provides a kind of sweet potato electric heating bed of nursing young plants in hothouses; It comprises the groove furrow of building by laying in the greenhouse; And being laid on electric heating layer, sandy soil separation layer, potato seed layer and the sandy soil cover layer in the said groove furrow from the bottom to top successively, said electric heating layer links to each other with external power source.
Wherein, said electric heating layer is laid on the said groove furrow bottom surface according to zigzag by a heating wire, and it is outside to be exposed at said groove furrow outside the two ends of said heating wire, and these two ends connect said external power source and temperature controller respectively.
Wherein, the thickness of said sandy soil separation layer is 1-2cm; The tectal thickness of said sandy soil is 2-3cm.
The potato seed of wherein, arranging in the said potato seed layer with respect to the horizontal plane is 45 ° of-50 ° of angle lappings and tiltedly places.
The present invention also provides a kind of sweet potato electric heating method of nursing young plants in hothouses, and it may further comprise the steps:
S1: prepare potato seed;
S2: in the sweet potato seedling rearing room, build by laying the groove furrow, make the bottom surface level of said groove furrow, on the bottom surface of said groove furrow, lay electric heating layer, sandy soil separation layer, potato seed layer and sandy soil cover layer from the bottom to top successively, said electric heating layer links to each other with external power source;
S3: the temperature and humidity in the formed seedbed of set-up procedure S2 can be adopted the sweet potato rice shoot and is cut transplanting.
Wherein, the detailed process of said step S1 is: select that outward appearance is directly suitable, smooth, the potato piece of the heavy 150-250g of monolithic is as potato seed, and the thimerosal sterilization is immersed in the potato seed of choosing, with subsequent use.
Wherein, said thimerosal is carbendazim or thiophanate methyl solution, and disinfecting time is 20-25min.
Wherein, among the said step S2, said electric heating layer is laid on the said groove furrow bottom surface according to zigzag by a heating wire, and it is outside to be exposed at said groove furrow outside the two ends of said heating wire, and these two ends connect said external power source and temperature controller respectively.
Wherein, among the said step S2, before laying said electric heating layer, to the said groove furrow bottom surface humidification of spraying water.
Wherein, said step S3 specifically comprises: before the potato seed young shoot grows, watered once in the seedbed in 5-7 days at interval, and keep seedling bed temperature between 35 ℃-36 ℃; After treating that the potato seed young shoot is unearthed, keep seedling bed temperature daytime between 20 ℃-25 ℃, night is between 15 ℃-17 ℃; After first planting rice shoot is adopted and cut, adopt urea liquid or ammonium sulfate liquid to be topdressed in the seedbed, and keep the seedbed water content between 13%-15%, temperature is between 28 ℃-32 ℃.
(3) beneficial effect
The sweet potato electric heating that technique scheme provided nurse young plants in hothouses bed and seedling-cultivating method, temperature is even, and the potato seedling is healthy and strong; Production is at present gone up the control sweet potato black rot and is caused harm, cultivates the important step that be raising the output anosis strong sprout, and after the electric heating layer energising, bed tempertaure is even entirely; The temperature difference is very little, helps adopting 35 ℃ high-temperature control black spot, cultivates anosis strong sprout; And it is neat to emerge, and the number of emerging is many; It is reliable to heat up, and is convenient to management, possesses the seedbed of electric heating layer, under the good condition of insulation, per hour can heat up 1 ℃-2 ℃, than heated kang quick heating, uses temperature controller, can control bed temperature automatically, convenient and reliable, and economize on electricity, saving of labor; Reduce cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the sweet potato electric heating of the embodiment of the invention 1 nurse young plants in hothouses the bed generalized section.
Wherein, 1: the groove furrow; 2: electric heating layer; 3: the sandy soil separation layer; 4: the potato seed layer; 5: the sandy soil cover layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, specific embodiments of the invention describes in further detail.Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The nurse young plants in hothouses generalized section of bed of the sweet potato electric heating that Fig. 1 shows present embodiment; With reference to diagram; It comprises the groove furrow of building by laying in the greenhouse 1, and is laid on electric heating layer 2, sandy soil separation layer 3, potato seed layer 4 and sandy soil cover layer 5 in the said groove furrow 1 from the bottom to top successively, and said electric heating layer 2 links to each other with external power source; By external power source is electric heating layer 2 power supplies, with the rising seedling bed temperature.
Wherein, Electric heating layer 2 is laid on said groove furrow 1 bottom surface according to zigzag by a heating wire; Be exposed at said groove furrow 1 outside outside the two ends of said heating wire; These two ends connect said external power source and temperature controller respectively, and temperature controller is used to control the heating-up temperature of electric heating layer 2, to satisfy the needs of growing seedlings in the seedbed.The thickness of sandy soil separation layer 3 is arranged between the 1-2cm, with the isolation potato seed, avoid its contact heating wire and potato seed is caused damage, and the heat that can effectively electric heating layer 2 be produced is passed to potato seed layer 4; The thickness of sandy soil cover layer 5 is arranged between the 2-3cm, can play the heat and moisture preserving effect, for potato seed layer 4 provides effective temperature and humidity environment, and can not hinder the growth of breaking ground of potato seed young shoot.
Potato seed choice in the potato seed layer 4 selects that outward appearance is directly suitable, smooth, the potato seed of the heavy 150-250g of monolithic, and is placed in 0.2% carbendazim or the thiophanate methyl solution and sterilizes; When piling up, potato seed with respect to the horizontal plane is 45 ° of-50 ° of angle lappings tiltedly places, and potato seed made progress to an end of stem originally; Before and after between staggered, preceding 2/3 length is pressed in the back, uneven principle under the furrow face height of piling up the potato piece is followed together; Guaranteeing to emerge neat and consistent, the furrow face of the intact potato piece of sign indicating number, on spread thin sand and soil; The cementation of fissures also covers, and upper surface is wipeed off, forms the sandy soil cover layer.
The sweet potato electric heating of the present embodiment bed of nursing young plants in hothouses adopts electric heating layer to realize that the temperature in seedbed is even, after the electric heating layer energising; Full bed tempertaure is even, and the temperature difference is very little, helps adopting 35 ℃ high-temperature control black spot; Cultivate anosis strong sprout, and it is neat to emerge, the number of emerging is many; It is reliable to heat up, and is convenient to management, possesses the seedbed of electric heating layer, under the good condition of insulation, per hour can heat up 1 ℃-2 ℃, than heated kang quick heating, uses temperature controller, can control bed temperature automatically, convenient and reliable, and economize on electricity, saving of labor; Reduce cost
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment provide a kind of based on embodiment 1 nurse young plants in hothouses the bed seedling-cultivating method, its concrete seedling raising process is following.
At first, potato seed goes out the processing behind the cellar for storing things: plant phase plan requirement according to sweet potato, recursion is about 40 days forward, and fine warm calm weather is selected in potato seed, concentrates once to go out the cellar for storing things.Warm area without shade a little drying remove tide, and select by the requirement classification of going to bed, good potato seed should be that outward appearance is directly suitable, smooth, the heavy 150-250g of monolithic.The potato piece of choosing puts into 0.2% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl solution 20-25min carries out disinfection, and removes the inner nematode that infects, and rejects the potato piece that floats in the water.Be transported into greenhouse heating after the potato piece that soaked is pulled out, dried, prepare to go to bed.
Secondly, bedding and heating wire are arranged: the greenhouse structure that sweet potato is grown seedlings is same as general melon raise seedling greenhouse, potato seed go to bed and bedding before 7-10 days button films heat; Press about wide 1.2m north-south bedding, the dark 10-15cm of furrow in the greenhouse; The wide 25-30cm in the furrow ridge, the horizontal processing of furrow groove floor.Earlier the furrow groove floor being sprayed water adds wet process, uses a heating wire to be laid on the groove furrow bottom surface according to zigzag afterwards, and it is outside to be exposed at the groove furrow outside the two ends of heating wire, and these two ends connect external power source and temperature controller respectively; And on heating wire bedding 1-2cm thin sand and soil, isolate potato seed to avoid its contact heating wire.
Next, potato seed discharging: begin the potato seed of row's sign indicating number from the south of furrow, potato piece and furrow groove floor are 45 ° of-50 ° of angles and tiltedly put.Potato seed made progress to an end of stem originally, and staggered between the front and back, preceding 2/3 length is pressed in the back, and discharging potato piece is neat uneven down in the height maintenance of furrow face, to guarantee to emerge neat and consistent.The furrow face of the intact potato piece of sign indicating number, on spread thin sand and soil, the cementation of fissures also covers, and cladding thickness 2-3 centimetre, wipes off above.
At last, carry out the temperature and humidity management in seedbed, transplanting is cut in adopting of realization sweet potato rice shoot.
For humidity: the sweet potato bed surface waters with watering can, and it is smooth to prevent that the current flood irrigation from destroying the furrow face.Water the water yield soaking into sandy soil cover layer and sandy soil separation layer, connect the face of land, keep potato piece moistening exceeding, prevent that the water yield is excessive, cause lower floor wet excessively, macerate mashed potato seed.It is suitable that bed surface table soil will be done wetting phase, general watered once in 5-7 days at interval, depends on the circumstances, and before collecting seedling, stopped to water in 1-2 days, prevents the wound infection of collecting seedling.
About temperature: the potato seed young shoot of going to bed was sprouted about 7-8 days, and young shoot grows and takes about 10 days, and this section period will keep bed temperature 35-36 ℃ for well; Surpass meeting sprout inhibition more than 37 ℃; High temperature between 35-36 ℃ not only is beneficial to potato seed and germinates, and is beneficial to the healing of part wound, prevents susceptible.After coming up, reduce conduction time, close that the air port regulating and controlling temperature drops between 20-25 ℃ of daytime gradually, between 15 ℃-17 ℃ of nights.The front opening plastic film of collecting seedling, temperature drop to 20 ℃ or lowly slightly practice seedling and promote seedling healthy and strong.
About the short control of later stage seedling: the time that comes up and collected seedling 25-30 days, mainly urge control through the adjusting of water, temperature, gas, reduce room temperature, reduce and supply water, the too fast growth of ventilated inhibition, promotion stalwartness etc.After adopting first planting rice shoot, the nutrition of potato seed has had significantly and has consumed, and append rich water in right amount; Combine to topdress during height of seedling 4cm to water big flood once; Concrete grammar is earlier with the clear water seedbed of splashing, and sprinkles with 3% urea liquid or 5% ammonium sulfate liquid and waters, and is incubated with the flushing with clean water continued to heat again; The native absolute water content of bed is remained between the 13%-15%, and temperature remains between 28 ℃-32 ℃.
About collecting seedling, rice shoot is long in time collects seedling during to the 25cm height, can not cause the potato seedling crowded if do not adopt for a long time, and following seedling is difficult to normal growth, influences next batch number of emerging.Adopting height to cut seedling-growing method can avoid the potato seedling to carry germ to a great extent.Should cut seedling in the place at 3-5cm overhead when collecting seedling, can reduce the disease transmission of infection, the base portion that can also promote to cut behind the seedling bears regeneration bud, increases the seedling amount.Will select strong sprout when collecting seedling, the standard in strong sprout: blade is bud green, unfolds leaf 7-8 sheet, and leaf is big, plump, and top three leaves flush; The stipes tubbiness, the root original hase is big, and stem is tough to be difficult for splitting off (the more white slurry that fractures flows out), about height of seedling 25cm; Seedling age 30-35 days, the slightly about 5mm of stem did not have aerial root on the seedling stem, does not have scab, and the tall and straight solid milk of seedling strain is many, hundred seedling fresh weights, and more than the spring potato seedling 500g, the potato seedling is insect pest in spite of illness not.
Can be found out that by above embodiment the present invention has the bed of nursing young plants in hothouses of electric heating layer through employing, can make seedling bed temperature even, the potato seedling is healthy and strong; Production is at present gone up the control sweet potato black rot and is caused harm, cultivates the important step that be raising the output anosis strong sprout, and after the electric heating layer energising, bed tempertaure is even entirely; The temperature difference is very little, helps adopting 35 ° high-temperature control black spot, cultivates anosis strong sprout; And it is neat to emerge, and the number of emerging is many; It is reliable to heat up, and is convenient to management, possesses the seedbed of electric heating layer, under the good condition of insulation, per hour can heat up 1 ℃-2 ℃, than heated kang quick heating, uses temperature controller, can control bed temperature automatically, convenient and reliable, and economize on electricity, saving of labor; Reduce cost.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from know-why of the present invention; Can also make some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. sweet potato electric heating bed of nursing young plants in hothouses; It is characterized in that; Comprise the groove furrow of building by laying in the greenhouse, and be laid on electric heating layer, sandy soil separation layer, potato seed layer and sandy soil cover layer in the said groove furrow from the bottom to top successively, said electric heating layer links to each other with external power source.
2. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 1 bed of nursing young plants in hothouses; It is characterized in that; Said electric heating layer is laid on the said groove furrow bottom surface according to zigzag by a heating wire, and it is outside to be exposed at said groove furrow outside the two ends of said heating wire, and these two ends connect said external power source and temperature controller respectively.
3. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 1 bed of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that the thickness of said sandy soil separation layer is 1-2cm; The tectal thickness of said sandy soil is 2-3cm.
4. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 1 bed of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that the potato seed of arranging in the said potato seed layer with respect to the horizontal plane is 45 ° of-50 ° of angle lappings and tiltedly places.
5. sweet potato electric heating method of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1: prepare potato seed;
S2: in the sweet potato seedling rearing room, build by laying the groove furrow, make the bottom surface level of said groove furrow, on the bottom surface of said groove furrow, lay electric heating layer, sandy soil separation layer, potato seed layer and sandy soil cover layer from the bottom to top successively, said electric heating layer links to each other with external power source;
S3: the temperature and humidity in the formed seedbed of set-up procedure S2 can be adopted the sweet potato rice shoot and is cut transplanting.
6. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 5 method of nursing young plants in hothouses; It is characterized in that; The detailed process of said step S1 is: select that outward appearance is directly suitable, smooth, the potato piece of the heavy 150-250g of monolithic is as potato seed, and the thimerosal sterilization is immersed in the potato seed of choosing, with subsequent use.
7. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 6 method of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that said thimerosal is carbendazim or thiophanate methyl solution, and disinfecting time is 20-25min.
8. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 5 method of nursing young plants in hothouses; It is characterized in that; Among the said step S2; Said electric heating layer is laid on the said groove furrow bottom surface according to zigzag by a heating wire, and it is outside to be exposed at said groove furrow outside the two ends of said heating wire, and these two ends connect said external power source and temperature controller respectively.
9. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 5 method of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that, among the said step S2, before laying said electric heating layer, to the said groove furrow bottom surface humidification of spraying water.
10. the sweet potato electric heating as claimed in claim 5 method of nursing young plants in hothouses is characterized in that said step S3 specifically comprises: before the potato seed young shoot grows, watered once in the seedbed in 5-7 days at interval, and keep seedling bed temperature between 35 ℃-36 ℃; After treating that the potato seed young shoot is unearthed, keep seedling bed temperature daytime between 20 ℃-25 ℃, night is between 15 ℃-17 ℃; After first planting rice shoot is adopted and cut, adopt urea liquid or ammonium sulfate liquid to be topdressed in the seedbed, and keep the seedbed water content between 13%-15%, temperature is between 28 ℃-32 ℃.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN102960176A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-13 | 范子山 | Operation method for high production comprehensive seedling raising technology of starch sweet potatoes |
| CN103210778A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| CN103329756A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-10-02 | 王同荣 | Automatic temperature control chamber and planting technology of gastrodia elatas in automatic temperature control chamber |
| CN103650865A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling culturing method |
| CN103875399A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-25 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedlings through hotbed |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
| CN105993439A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Sweet potato seedling raising method suitable for Turpan area |
| CN106305047A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-11 | 松桃苗族自治县土肥站 | Sweet potato seedling cultivation method |
| CN107853022A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-03-30 | 四川省现代农人种苗科技有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse breeding box |
| CN107980517A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-04 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | The method for improving cold district sweet potato potato seed emergence rate and growth potential |
| CN108094104A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate sweet potato method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109511503A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of sweet potato |
| CN110149983A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-08-23 | 山东兴润园林生态股份有限公司 | Indoor pollution sources forcing frame equipment |
| CN111328659A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Ultrahigh-temperature greenhouse seedling raising method for sweet potatoes |
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| CN102960176A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-13 | 范子山 | Operation method for high production comprehensive seedling raising technology of starch sweet potatoes |
| CN103210778A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| CN103329756A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-10-02 | 王同荣 | Automatic temperature control chamber and planting technology of gastrodia elatas in automatic temperature control chamber |
| CN103650865B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-08-05 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of sweet potato seedling-cultivating method |
| CN103650865A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-03-26 | 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Sweet potato seedling culturing method |
| CN103875399B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-05-04 | 洛阳农林科学院 | A kind of method of cultivating sweet potato seedling with Greenhouse for cultivation of seedling |
| CN103875399A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-25 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for cultivating sweet potato seedlings through hotbed |
| CN103891503A (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | Method for cultivating leaf sweet potatoes in greenhouse of north |
| CN103891503B (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心 | A kind of northern greenhouse room leaf type sweet potato cultivation method |
| CN105993439A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Sweet potato seedling raising method suitable for Turpan area |
| CN105993439B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2019-03-12 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | It is suitble to the sweet potato method for culturing seedlings of Turfan Prefecture |
| CN106305047A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-11 | 松桃苗族自治县土肥站 | Sweet potato seedling cultivation method |
| CN107980517A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-04 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | The method for improving cold district sweet potato potato seed emergence rate and growth potential |
| CN107853022A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-03-30 | 四川省现代农人种苗科技有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse breeding box |
| CN108094104A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate sweet potato method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110149983A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-08-23 | 山东兴润园林生态股份有限公司 | Indoor pollution sources forcing frame equipment |
| CN109511503A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of sweet potato |
| CN111328659A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Ultrahigh-temperature greenhouse seedling raising method for sweet potatoes |
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