CN101147459B - Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method - Google Patents
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- CN101147459B CN101147459B CN2007100360558A CN200710036055A CN101147459B CN 101147459 B CN101147459 B CN 101147459B CN 2007100360558 A CN2007100360558 A CN 2007100360558A CN 200710036055 A CN200710036055 A CN 200710036055A CN 101147459 B CN101147459 B CN 101147459B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a new-type arid land crop seedling-cultivating method namely dry and wet two-stage tray seedling-cultivating method. It is characterized by that said method adopts porous tray, matrix and nutrient liquor. According to the biological characteristics of crop seed germination, emergence of seedling and young seedling growth, in the normal sowing season of arid crop the seedling-cultivating process from sowing to seedling transplantation can be divided into dry and wet two stages.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of dry-land crops seedling production method, be specifically related to the dry-land crops of all under non-waterflooding condition, cultivating the time of infertility, comprise crops such as cotton, tobacco, watermelon, rape, peanut, beans, capsicum, melon and leafy vegetable, utilization grow seedlings pallet, matrix and nutrient solution, divide do, method and the supporting transplanting method of seedling thereof that wet two stages grow seedlings.
Background technology
At present, in the dry-land crops cultivation, most sowing in the field that adopt, minority economic worth height, the crop that the seed production cost is high, adopt seedling raising and transplanting as cotton, tobacco, watermelon etc., but the most common seedling-cultivating method is a rice seedling on upland field, promptly sows and grow seedlings and all in the drought life ecotope of non-backwater and ponding, carry out.Though in recent years, begun rice seedling on watered bed on crops such as tobacco, cotton, vegetables, as floating seedlings, opened up the dry-land crops new way of growing seedlings, emergence rate and planting percent and the transplanting survival rate of the livings crop of drought in aquatic environment all remains further raising.For this reason, the present invention according to the dry-land crops seed germination, emerge and the biological property of growth of seedling, invented the method that dry-land crops dry-wet two-section is grown seedlings.The research of relevant this respect does not appear in the newspapers.
In recent years, along with the crop hybrid seed applying of producing, the seed production cost improves constantly, to reduce the seed consumption, reducing with kind of cost is the hot issue that the research of the method for culturing and transplanting seedlings of target becomes people's concern gradually.Continued to use nearly 50 years as the traditional feeding block seedlings raising of cotton, up to late 1990s, along with the popularization of hybrid cotton, the domestic raising seedling of cotton new method that begins one's study.The Yang Tie of academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province steel, Tan Chunsong (cotton industrial breeding technique and high-yield and high-efficiency technical regulation [J] thereof. the Henan agricultural science, 23～24) 2003 (9): the substrate seedling of creating such as, realized the survival rate more than 95% and 5～7d seedling-slowing stage (also shortening to some extent) behind the cotton seedling non-soil replanting, realized that also cotton seedling still can reach the dreamboat of These parameters at indoor storage 3d than nutritive cube; Mao Shuchun (cotton " two do not have and two to change " culture technique research new development [J]. Chinese cotton, 2004,31 (9): 29) waiting factorial seedling growths in two nothings, the two change culture techniques of setting up, also is matrix rice seedling on upland field mode." two do not have two change " cultivation is meant Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil, carrier-free (single seedling) transplant and the grow seedlings general name of batch production and transplanting mechanization technology, adopt agronomy and agricultural machinery combination, the a whole set of configuration of technology, product, commodity, market are used and the having a extensive future of commodity industrialization.This mode is easy and simple to handle, and sprout term disease is light, is adapted to factorial seedling growth, but because water supply in media and nutrient content are limit, needs repeatedly to replenish moisture content and nutrient between nursery stage, otherwise can only adapt to the following little transplantation of seedlings of 2 leaves, 1 heart.Tobacco floating seed rearing, though adopt matrix, pallet and nutrient solution, what adopt is omnidistance floating seedlings.Patent (the application number: 200510031883.3) of water floatation seedling method of cotton has been applied in Chen Jin Hunan in 2005 etc., make emergence rate, planting percent obtain increasing substantially, but sowing depth, substrate composition, matrix suction and pallet underwater penetration are strict, technical difficulty is bigger, and each link all has bigger influence to the growth of cotton seedling.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to dried, the wet two-section tray seedling growth method of dry-land crops, grow seedlings normal sowing season at dry-land crops, grow seedlings and be divided into dried, wet two stages, earlier with in the matrix of planting seed on the porous pallet, seed sprouting is sprouted, treat that the cotyledon growth is open and flat after, the porous pallet moved in the container of nutritious liquid or the seedbed carries out floating seedlings, treat that seedling cotyledon grows up, transplant at 1 leaf, 1 heart to 5 leaf, 1 heart.In dry-land crops normal sowing season, according to different crops, when daily mean temperature is stable sowing when being higher than 2～5 ℃ of this crop biology origin temps, grow seedlings.Dried growing seedlings the stage described in the present invention, be with planting seed in the porous pallet of splendid attire matrix, the water content of matrix is 1.0～4.0 times of matrix dry weight.The pallet thickness of growing seedlings is 30mm～100mm, the how much definite according to the needs of growing seedlings of hole grows seedlings in the pallet, hole depth is 20mm～80mm, the top bore is 20mm～70mm, base diameter is 15mm～40mm, it is aperture about 3～10mm that 1 diameter is stayed in the bottom, and the hole of growing seedlings can be cone or polygonal pyramid body.Seedling medium is the peat composed of rotten mosses and expanded perlite, is that 0.5～1.5: 1.5～0.5 ratio is mixed and forms by weight.The container or the seedbed solution deep of the wet stage splendid attire nutrient solution of growing seedlings remain on 10mm～100mm, and the pH value is 3～9.The concentration of purity nitrogen is 10mg/L～600mg/L in the nutrient solution, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is 5mg/L～260mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is 5mg/L～220mg/L; Iron (Fe) 0.05mg/L～10mg/L; Boron (B) 0.05mg/L～15mg/L; Manganese (Mn) 0.05mg/L～6mg/L; Zinc (Zn) 0.01mg/L～15mg/L; Copper (Cu) 0.01mg/L～3mg/L.
Phase I, promptly dried growing seedlings the stage, in being filled with the porous pallet of absorbent substrate, the pallet of after planting will growing seedlings places and makes seed germination under the xeric environment and emerge with planting seed; It is that nutrient solution floats and to grow seedlings that second stage, the pallet of growing seedlings that will emerge are put into aquatic environment, until getting transplantation of seedlings.The operation of this seedling-cultivating method is simple and easy, emergence rate and planting percent height, and seedling quality is good, well developed root system, vitality is strong, neat and consistent, less or disease-free, seedling has that drought is taken root and water root.Transplant simple and easyly, have characteristics such as the Miao Yunmiao of getting is convenient, transplanting survival rate is high, seedling-slowing stage is short, the transplanting time flexibility is good.Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of novel dry-land crops seedling-cultivating method, make and dry-land crops is grown seedlings and transplanting becomes a kind of convenient, fast, farming operation efficiently, can realize factorial seedling growth, heavy manual labors such as nutritive cube seedbed playing alms bowl, grow seedlings in growing seedlings, management, lifting, balled transplanting can be solved over, the problem that repeatedly supplies water and supplement the nutrients in the substrate seedling process can be avoided.Move into floating seedlings in the nutrient solution after emerging, can reduce or prevent the harm of soil germ to seedling, can form flourishing drought and take root and water root, the aquatic environment that is suitable for growing seedlings survives rapidly after the transplanting with helping.The present invention is suitable for the peasant household that the labour lacks, and plantation is got up convenient and swift.By matrix fixedly crop seed and root system, use formula nutritional liquid to guarantee to grow to the needs of nutritive element before seedling 5 leaves 1 heart.Dry-land crops of the present invention refers to the crop cultivated under non-waterflooding condition, as cotton, tobacco, watermelon, rape etc., and peanut, soybean etc.Adapt to crop seed that dry-wet two-section grows seedlings and be dressing or capsuled seed not, seed is dried broadcast or presoaking and germinating after sow, heat and moisture preserving is grown seedlings.Second stage, promptly wet growing seedlings the stage is the pallet of growing seedlings after emerging to be placed on to float in the container of splendid attire nutrient solution or the seedbed grow seedlings, and flattens～5 leaves 1 heart from cotyledon.Dried growing seedlings the stage, in the porous pallet of splendid attire matrix, the water content of matrix is 1.0～4.0 times of matrix dry weight, after planting with planting seed, the land for growing field crops, the drought in the indoor or greenhouse that pallet are placed no backwater or do not have ponding are given birth to ecotope and are grown seedlings, and make seed germination and emerge.Dry-wet two-section nursery crop part root growth is in the matrix of non-waterflooding, the part root growth forms drought and takes root and water root in nutrient solution, to adapt to the ecotope of the growth of growing seedlings, make the seedling healthy growth, when seedling age reaches a leaf 1 heart to 5 leaves, 1 heart, directly get transplantation of seedlings, can transplant by carrying substrates, or wash the root root-naked transplanting, or be stained with nutrient solution, or be stained with fertile mud and transplant, or soak root-growing agent and transplant.Utilize anosis former matrix, formula nutritional liquid seedbed and the porous pallet of growing seedlings, carry out dry-wet two-section as the pallet made from polystyrene and grow seedlings, reduce the dead seedling of disease seedling, under the condition of heat and moisture preserving, improve emergence rate and planting percent, promote root system development, reduce the root system damage, conveniently get seedling and transplanting.
Preparation nursery pond or seedbed: the nursery pond of splendid attire nutrient solution or seedbed or container are one can hold water and non-leakage pond, as on the level land, being built into the rectangle form pool of certain specification with mud scholar or brick etc., at bottom with complete anti-seepage material all around, or dig a pond, complete plastic film, or build cement pit, Chi Shen is generally 50mm～200mm, but water storage, for the seedbed keeps temperature, can make plastic greenhouse with film above it, also can in the greenhouse, make water bed, treat that the seedbed water temperature stability gets final product seeding and seedling raising when being higher than 2 ℃～5 ℃ of nursery crop biology threshold temperatures.
Assembling matrix: matrix is raw material by the peat composed of rotten mosses and expanded perlite, and both ratios are that 0.5～1.5: 1.5～0.5 ratios mix by weight, and it mainly acts on and is fixed race and seedling, and certain nutrition is provided.Before the sabot, matrix is moistening, and water absorption is between 1.0～4.0 times of matrix dry weight, then matrix is filled in the tray seedling growth hole, filling evenly, the shake pallet makes each hole of growing seedlings in the matrix sinking show a recessed vesicle, about 1～1.5cm is dark, so that sowing and lid.
The preparation nutrient solution: the concentration of purity nitrogen is 10mg/L～600mg/L in the nutrient solution, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is 5mg/L～260mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is 5mg/L～220mg/L; Iron (Fe) 0.05mg/L～10mg/L; Boron (B) 0.05mg/L～15mg/L; Manganese (Mn) 0.05mg/L～6mg/L; Zinc (Zn) 0.01mg/L～15mg/L; Copper (Cu) 0.01mg/L～3mg/L, the pH value is 3～9.Nitrogen can be with nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea or ammonium hydrogencarbonates, plain available ca magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer of phosphorus or superphosphate etc., potash fertilizer such as the plain available potassium chloride of potassium, potassium nitrate or potassium sulphate.
Meticulous sowing: sow to the seed cotyledon and be shown laid flat in dried growing seedlings the stage,, move to nursery pond to seedling raising and transplanting after cotyledon flattens and grow seedlings the stage for wet promptly in upland nursery.Adapt to dry-land crops seed that dry-wet two-section grows seedlings and be capsuled seed or capsuled seed not.Will be through the unabroken seed of the healthy and strong full anosis worm of the every bunch planting in selected back, 1 of the every bunch planting of large seed, 2～4 of the every bunch plantings of small-sized seed are broadcast in the hole of growing seedlings of the pallet of growing seedlings, put sidewards or radiculodium down, must guard against and put upside down, cover matrix then, for guaranteeing not to be with kind of shell to be unearthed, cladding thickness will reach 0.5～1.5cm, in this scope, the shallow lid of small-sized seed, large seed covers deeply.
Seedbed management: after planting seedling-cultivating tray is placed in the field or indoor or greenhouse of no backwater, also can be placed on unoccupied place, empty level ground behind the house before the room, its heat and moisture preserving under the aeration status that drought is given birth to is emerged.The pallet of will growing seedlings after emerging is placed on floating wet growing seedlings in the nutrient solution seedbed is housed, and pallet will be put neatly, will leave the gap of 3～5cm between the pallet.Want running check seedbed liquid level height when growing seedlings, in time keep the skin wet.To notice at any time that canopy temperature changes, and when surpassing 25 ℃, take off film, aeration-cooling.At 7 in fine, the cloudy morning is taken off film at 7 in afternoon, and rainy day two ends and open gas port all around accomplish that no droplet does not have backwater in the film.When attacking as cold current, can the pallet of growing seedlings be moved into indoorly, or epiphragma insulation prevents cotton seedling frostbite temporarily, but cold current will in time move in nursery pond or the seedbed later, in time takes off the film hardening.
Seedling replanting: can carrying substrates during transplanting transplant, but also root-naked transplanting, or be stained with thin mud and transplant, or soak root-growing agent and transplant.Transplanting seedling age can be 1 leaf, 1 heart, or 2 leaves, 1 heart, or 3 leaves, 1 heart, or 4 leaves, 1 heart or 5 leaves, 1 heart.
Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section is grown seedlings and other seedling-cultivating method has incomparable advantage: the one, can directly seed be sowed in the seedling-cultivating tray indoor, in indoor or greenhouse, emerge, insemination and emergence is not subjected to the influence of harsh weather, saved simultaneously big Tanaka and done seedbed and the heavy physical labor of making nutritive cube (piece), and the place of growing seedlings may be selected in before the room behind the house, be convenient to management, meet the low temperature cold wave and seedling-cultivating tray can be moved into the indoor diastrous weather of hiding temporarily; The 2nd, dry-wet two-section nursery crop seedling drought is taken root and the water root prosperity, the growth of seedling stalwartness, and neat and consistent, anosis bacterial strain, no weeds are adapted to seedling or big transplantation of seedlings.The 3rd, the back of emerging moves into floating seedlings in the nutrient solution seedbed, can exempt the management and the operation of repeatedly applying fertilizer between nursery stage and watering.The 4th, transplant simple and easyly, saved the heavy recruitment that band soil is got seedling and removed seedling and burrow in the land for growing field crops, overcome the phenomenon of being completely cured in the seedling raising and transplanting process, so the seedling percent height, seedling-slowing stage is short.
Embodiment
From the following description, those skilled in the art can be well understood to purpose of the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention:
Sowing time: be higher than the nursery crop biology threshold temperature more than 2～5 ℃ the time when continuous 5 days of daily mean temperature is stable, get final product seeding and seedling raising.
Elite seed: for improving planting percent, want elite seed before the sowing, large seed will be taked the seed of the full no damage by disease and insect of the selected stalwartness of grain-by-grain seed selection method, and percentage of seedgermination is reached more than 95%.Selected seed was preferably basked seeds 3～4 days continuously, promoted seed afterripening, accelerated germination and emergence speed.
Build splendid attire nutrient solution nursery pond or seedbed: the seedbed length of splendid attire nutrient solution is decided according to what are grown seedlings, and general 3～5m is long, is 50mm～200mm deeply, and the bed end requires level, and no stone does not have plant roots and stems and sharp-pointed hard thing etc.Shop film (0.1mm is thick) is in case leak in the bed.
Preparation nutrient solution:, the nutrient solution that modulates is put into nursery pond by the special nutrient solution of cotton seedling growth needs preparation.Nutrient solution prescription is: the concentration of purity nitrogen is 10mg/L～600mg/L, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) concentration is 5mg/L～260mg/L, effective potassium (K
2O) concentration is 5mg/L～220mg/L; Iron (Fe) 0.05mg/L～10mg/L; Boron (B) 0.05mg/L～15mg/L; Manganese (Mn) 0.05mg/L～6mg/L; Zinc (Zn) 0.01mg/L～15mg/L; Copper (Cu) 0.01mg/L～3mg/L.The pH value is 3～9.。
Medium in tray: before the sabot, allow matrix suction earlier, when water absorption reaches 1.0～4.0 times of matrix dry weight, matrix is filled in the space of seedling-cultivating tray again, the matrix filling is wanted evenly, and tightness is moderate.The shake seedling-cultivating tray makes each hole sinking 1～1.5cm that grows seedlings, so that sowing.
Sowing: will be through 1 in the every cave of selected seed large seed, the center, hole of growing seedlings into seedling-cultivating tray is broadcast in 2～4 of the every bunch plantings of small-sized seed, and seed base-root is play down or sidewards, covers absorbent substrate then, about about 0.5～1.5 centimetre of cladding thickness.After planting seedling-cultivating tray is placed in the land for growing field crops of no backwater or indoor or the greenhouse or before the room on behind the house the unoccupied place, empty level ground, heat and moisture preserving is emerged.
Seedling management: the pallet of will growing seedlings after emerging is put into the seedbed floating seedlings that fills nutrient solution.The floating seedlings stage is wanted liquid level in the running check nutrition liquid pool, the liquid if the not enough 5cm of the nutrient solution degree of depth should in time supplement the nutrients.The nutrient solution seedling bed temperature is controlled at 15～30 ℃.When average daily temperature was stabilized in more than 15 ℃ in continuous 5 days, cover film not, but when attacking if any cold current must the epiphragma insulation, prevents cotton seedling frostbite.
Get seedling and transplanting: grasp the seedling basal part of stem when getting seedling, upwards pull out gently and get final product.Transplanting density and distance between rows and hills decides according to the characteristics of Different Crop.
Plant seedling-growing method and time: take trench digging or beat the cave transplant all can, the degree of depth is uprightly to put down to get final product can make cotton shoot root.But carrying substrates or wash root or wash root after be stained with nutrient solution or root-growing agent and transplant, in time water normal root water after the transplanting and a water of living.Transplanting seedling age can be 1 leaf, 1 heart, or 2 leaves, 1 heart, or 3 leaves, 1 heart, or 4 leaves, 1 heart or 5 leaves, 1 heart.Require refreshing soil mud to plant, transplanting time was preferably after at 4 in fine afternoon.
Claims (1)
1. dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in dry-land crops normal sowing season, when daily mean temperature is stable when being higher than 2～5 ℃ of this crop biology origin temps seeding and seedling raising, the branch of growing seedlings is done, is wet two sections and carry out, earlier seed is sowed in the matrix on the porous pallet, seed sprouting is sprouted, and the pallet of will growing seedlings after cotyledon flattens moves in the container of nutritious liquid or the seedbed and carries out floating seedlings, and transplanting seedling age is 1 leaf, 1 heart to 5 leaf, 1 heart.
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| CN101147459B true CN101147459B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104012310B (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-01-20 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN104012308B (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of watermelon Long term cultivation |
| CN109076915B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-05-05 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Propagation method of lilium nanchuanense |
| CN109315244A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-02-12 | 香港六合康泰国际集团有限公司 | A kind of cereal seed live broadcasting method |
| CN113287505A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-24 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Pepper floating seedling raising method |
| CN115024152A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-09 | 厉在容 | Multi-matrix semi-soilless culture method |
Citations (1)
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| CN1711825A (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2005-12-28 | 湖南农业大学 | Water floatation seedling method of cotton |
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| CN1711825A (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2005-12-28 | 湖南农业大学 | Water floatation seedling method of cotton |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 贺云新，陈金湘.棉花水浮育苗基质的研究.中国棉花34 4.2007,34(4),32-33. |
| 贺云新,陈金湘.棉花水浮育苗基质的研究.中国棉花34 4.2007,34(4),32-33. * |
| 陈金湘等.棉花水浮育苗技术（下）.湖南农业 4.2007,(4),13. |
| 陈金湘等.棉花水浮育苗技术(下).湖南农业 4.2007,(4),13. * |
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