CN101715715B - Vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables - Google Patents

Vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables Download PDF

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CN101715715B
CN101715715B CN2009102324042A CN200910232404A CN101715715B CN 101715715 B CN101715715 B CN 101715715B CN 2009102324042 A CN2009102324042 A CN 2009102324042A CN 200910232404 A CN200910232404 A CN 200910232404A CN 101715715 B CN101715715 B CN 101715715B
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seedling
vegetables
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soilless culture
field planting
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CN101715715A (en
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羊杏平
孟力力
张俊
夏明霞
徐锦华
刘广
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, belonging to the technical field of crop culture. The vertical column type soilless culture method of the vegetables comprises the following steps of: mixing fafard turves, perlites and carbendazol into a substrate according to the quality proportion of 100:20:1; covering a non-woven fabric on a seedling-raising plate for heat and moisture preservation, and spreading heating wires below the seedling-raising plate to ensure that the temperature of a seedling bed is kept at 25+/-1 DEG C; planting young seedlings grown to a period with two leaves and one core into an insertion implantation cup; and after the young seedlings are survived, inserting the insertion implantation cup into a planting hole of a vertical column type soilless culture device of the vegetables. A culture solution is specially prepared for the soilless culture of the vegetables and rich in nitrogen elements and can fast increase the green of leaves and grow the leaves, wherein 60 percent of nitrogen is nitric nitrogen and can be used all year round and be especially suitable for low light conditions, and higher-concentration magnesium and molybdenum are suitable for the soilless culture of various vegetables. The invention enhances the survival rate of plants cultured by the vertical column type stereoscopic soilless culture device and the space utility ratio and increases the output of vertical column type soilless culture.

Description

A kind of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, belong to the crop cultivating technology field.
Background technology
At present, in the industrialized agriculture field, the crop cultivation technique without soil has obtained popularization, compares with soil cultivation, and soilless culture can be quickened the crop growth process, makes the cultivation stubble number in 1 year increase 15%-20%; Good product quality, pollution-free, the production environment sanitation and hygiene, damage by disease and insect is less relatively, significantly reduces the use of agricultural chemicals, and fruit marketability is good; Removed the heavy work of soil cultivation from, time saving and energy saving; Be not subjected to condition restriction such as area, soil, improved land utilization rate.Existing cultivation technique without soil mainly contains various ways such as substrate culture, water planting and mist training, most of mode that adopts horizontal layout.This method has proposed a kind of new method of vegetables vertical column type soilless culture, has filled up the technological gap in this field.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, and it can realize the function of afforesting and beautifying of producing in the scale cleaning anniversary of leaf vegetables and occasions such as ecological garden, hotel.
Technical scheme
A kind of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, be suitable for three-dimensional vertical column type soilless culture device, comprise and lead to the center pillar 2 vertical training alms bowls 1 that connect, training the discharging tube 6 that 1 in alms bowl also is inserted with the controlled height, at the top of center pillar 2 feed pipe 5 is installed, this feed pipe 5 leads to collecting tank 7, supply drainage system 6 common compositions with discharging tube, directly insert in the field planting hole and can finish with the transplanting cup that has the seedling body during field planting, band transplanting cup together pulls up when gathering, and it is characterized in that:
1) directly even distribution field planting hole 4 on training alms bowl 1, the transplanting cup directly inserts in the field planting hole;
2) grow seedlings, plant matrix: adopting fafard peat, the perlite of the processing of Canadian Fafard company is the matrix of mixing at 100: 20: 1 with mass ratio with carbendazim;
3) grow seedlings: cover the nonwoven heat and moisture preserving on seedling-cultivating tray, seedling-cultivating tray lower berth heating wire guarantees seedling bed temperature at 25 ± 1 ℃, treats that the seedling of seedling-cultivating tray is long to 1 heart stage of 2 leaves, is about to seedling and is colonizated in the transplanting cup;
4) transplanting cup: the pvc pipe material cutting by diameter 50mm forms, and length is 15cm, and respectively from the horizontal by 30 °, 60 ° angle, when this can guarantee transplanting cup lower surface with intact contact of column field planting hole face, transplanting cup upper surface was a level to upper and lower surface;
5) the tight filling substrate in transplanting cup lower end, matrix can not watered down in the time of can watering between seedling-slowing stage like this, and upper end matrix should lax filling, helps transplanting seedlings.Substrates quantity is a 150ml/ transplanting cup, after the seedling field planting is lived, is about in the field planting hole that the transplanting cup inserts vegetables column surface;
6) used nutrient solution contains following quality than composition: potassium nitrate KNO 3Content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH 4NO 3Content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2PO 4Content is 10%, potassium sulphate K 2SO 4Content is 20%, magnesium sulfate MgSO 4Content is 0.31%, boric acid H 3BO 3Content is 0.01%, copper sulphate CuSO 4Content is 0.03%, and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron EDTA-2NaFe content is 0.08%, manganese sulphate MnSO 4Content is 0.08%, ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 244H 2O content is 0.02%, zinc sulphate ZnSO 4Content is 0.03%, adds the running water configuration, and regulates the pH value of nutrient solution to 6.0-6.5 with phosphoric acid.
7) drip irrigation rule: for from morning 8:00 to late 6:00, per hour drip irrigation is 5 minutes, drip irrigation system is the adjustable water dropper of pressure-compensated, the single head flow is 10L/hr.In the plant strain growth later stage, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, well developed root system can prolong the feed flow time by 10-15 minute.
Beneficial effect
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the fafard peat in the matrix adds wetting agent, can make matrix moistening fast; Add a kind of water-soluble nutrition and start agent, can supply with seed seedling early growth desired nutritional, the bud ratio survival rate improves.
2, the perlite in the matrix has good water conservation airing function, and carbendazim can kill the most of bacterium in the matrix.
3, the transplanting cup used of seedling field planting is formed by the pvc pipe material cutting of diameter 50mm, length is 15cm, respectively from the horizontal by 30 °, 60 ° angle, when this can guarantee that transplanting cup lower surface contacts with the column face is intact, transplanting cup upper surface was a level to upper and lower surface.The field planting of transplanting cup is convenient, can field planting while gathering, formulate detailed planting plan, the continuous batch production production of realization anniversary.
4, the nutrient solution of Cai Yonging is to aim at vegetable soilless culture configuration to form, and is rich in the nitrogen element, can make leaf enlarge afforested area and grow rapidly, and wherein 60% nitrogen source is in nitrate nitrogen, and all can use the whole year, especially is fit to low light according under the condition; The magnesium of higher concentration and molybdenum are suitable for the soilless culture of various vegetables.
5, the present invention has improved the survival rate of vegetables column type cultivated plant, and improves the regularity of vegetables column type cultivated plant growth, strengthens aesthetic property.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is former vegetables column type culturing device schematic diagram.
1-trains alms bowl, the 2-center pillar, and the 3-cultivation is protruding, 4-field planting lid, 5-field planting hole, 6-discharging tube, 7-feed pipe, 8-collecting tank
Fig. 2 is the vegetables column type culturing device schematic diagram after improving.
1-trains alms bowl, 2-center pillar, 3-water dropper, 4-field planting hole, 5-feed pipe, 6-discharging tube, 7-collecting tank
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of transplanting cup.
Fig. 4 inserts the schematic diagram of vegetables column for the transplanting cup.
Embodiment
Specify content of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1) adopt column solid soilless culturing device, see patent No. ZL03275638.0 for details, this device comprises the training alms bowls 1 that lead to center pillar 2 vertical connections, is embedded with 5 lobes in the training alms bowl and cultivates protruding 3.Cultivate and leave removable or removable field planting lid 4 in protruding 3, field planting covers the field planting hole 5 that leaves plant growth.Insert removable or removable transplanting cup in the field planting hole 5.See accompanying drawing 1.
In this method this device is made improvements slightly, directly even distribution field planting hole 4 on training alms bowl 1, the transplanting cup directly inserts in the field planting hole.See accompanying drawing 2.After the improvement, the better tightness of training alms bowl, incubation and thermal insulation function increases, and can effectively avoid the propagation of damage by disease and insect.
Also be inserted with the discharging tube 6 of controlled height at 1 in alms bowl of training.Alms bowl body 1 is made by 18 millimeters high-density polystyrene foamed material.At the top of center pillar 2 feed pipe 5 is installed, this feed pipe 5 leads to collecting tank 7, supplies drainage system 6 common compositions with discharging tube.Directly insert in the field planting hole and can finish with the transplanting cup that has the seedling body during field planting, band transplanting cup together pulls up when gathering, and can insert immediately kind and need not change agent set, thereby the field planting of gathering is carried out simultaneously, can better utilize the season of growth, make full use of photo-thermal resource and solid space, obtain higher biological yield.
2) grow seedlings, plant matrix: adopting fafard peat, the perlite of the processing of Canadian Fafard company is the matrix of mixing at 100: 20: 1 with the carbendazim mass ratio;
3) select for use seedling-cultivating tray to carry out seeding and seedling raising, select to broadcast sowing or put broadcast mode according to seed size.When sowing of vegetable is grown seedlings, irrigate the seedbed, hide nonwoven and be beneficial to the full stand of preserving moisture out.Heating wire evenly shop places under the seedbed, guarantees that seedling bed temperature is 25 ± 1 ℃.The seedbed is suitably moistening early stage, and the middle and later periods is suitably dry loose.According to the matrix arid situation, keep a full stand of seedings with 0.5mm aperture water sprager water spray, should be selected in morning or dusk water spray better, otherwise the seedling of burning easily.Treat that the seedling of seedling-cultivating tray is long to 1 heart stage of 2 leaves, can carry out field planting.Refined seedling before the field planting, hardening can make the seedling transplanting seedling time shorten, and is beneficial to seedling and survives.Method is to allow seedling fully accept illumination before the lifting, reduces temperature gradually, strengthens temperature difference management, strengthens gradually and ventilates, and does not water during the hardening as far as possible.
4) field planting is in special-purpose planting container transplanting cup, the transplanting cup is to be formed by the cutting of the pvc pipe material of diameter 50mm, length is 15cm, upper and lower surface each from the horizontal by 30 °, 60 ° angle, this can guarantee that the transplanting cup inserts when its lower surface contacts with the column face is intact behind the field planting hole, transplanting cup upper surface is a level, as accompanying drawing 4.
5) should note during filling substrate in the transplanting cup: consumption is a 150ml/ transplanting cup, and transplanting cup lower end is filling substrate closely, and matrix can not watered down in the time of can watering between seedling-slowing stage like this, and upper end matrix is answered lax filling, helps transplanting seedlings and root growth.Fill the transplanting cup of matrix and uprightly place, make transplanting cup upper surface should be parallel to ground, help growth of seedling and final-period management.Should handle with care during field planting and gently pinch seedling, avoid injuring tender stem, lift the pick seedling with the special use shovel, be with dividing with lifting.Want sunshade after dividing seedling.
6) after one week of field planting, treat that seedling all survives after, the transplanting cup can be fixed to the vegetables column, be inserted in the field planting hole of vegetables column, guarantee that transplanting cup lower surface contacts fully with vegetables column field planting hole face, transplanting cup upper surface is parallel to ground.
7) the used nutrient solution of vegetables column type contains following quality than composition: potassium nitrate KNO 3Content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH 4NO 3Content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2PO 4Content is 10%, potassium sulphate K 2SO 4Content is 20%, magnesium sulfate MgSO 4Content is 0.31%, boric acid H 3BO 3Content is 0.01%, copper sulphate CuSO 4Content is 0.03%, and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron EDTA-2NaFe content is 0.08%, manganese sulphate MnSO 4Content is 0.08%, ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 244H 2O content is 0.02%, zinc sulphate ZnSO 4Content is 0.03%, adds the running water configuration, and regulates the pH value of nutrient solution to 6.0-6.5 with phosphoric acid.The raw material of above nutrient solution is Tonghua worker company purchase forever from Shanghai, also can buy in the chemical reagent shop.
The configuration mother liquor is diluted to cultivating nutrient solution with mother liquor more earlier.Produce precipitation in order to prevent to dispose mother liquor, all cpds in will filling a prescription is earlier classified, and is configured to A mother liquor, B mother liquor and C mother liquor.Comprise potassium nitrate KNO in the A mother liquor 3, ammonium nitrate NH 4NO 3Main phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen KH in the B mother liquor 2PO 4, potassium sulphate K 2SO 4, magnesium sulfate MgSO 4The C mother liquor is by chelated iron disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron EDTA-2NaFe, boric acid H 3BO 3, copper sulphate CuSO 4, manganese sulphate MnSO 4, ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 244H 2O and zinc sulphate ZnSO 4The consumption that calculates all cpds in the prescription according to the volume and the cycles of concentration of the mother liquor that will dispose, correctly take by weighing successively, fertilizer is a kind of to be added, stir, and could add second kind of fertilizer after wanting a kind of fertilizer of grade in an imperial examination fully to dissolve, add water to the volume of required configuration after treating all to dissolve, stirring gets final product.Usually make 200 times mother liquor.When utilizing the mother liquor dilution for the work nutrient solution, the clear water that adds the 1/2-2/3 that needs the configuration volume earlier at the nutrition liquid pool, the consumption of measuring required A mother liquor is poured into, the unlatching water pump circulates, and then measures the consumption of B mother liquor, is poured into the clear water porch of nutrition liquid pool slowly, allow the water source behind rare B mother liquor, bring the nutrition liquid pool into, open water pump its circulation is stirred, measure the adding method adding liquid storage tank of C mother liquor again, add the volume of clear water at last to required configuration according to the B mother liquor.
The characteristics of this nutrient solution are to be rich in the nitrogen element, can make leaf enlarge afforested area and grow rapidly, and wherein 60% nitrogen source is in nitrate nitrogen, and all can use the whole year, especially are fit to low light according under the condition; The magnesium of higher concentration and molybdenum are suitable for the soilless culture of various vegetables.Nutrient solution is circulated by the drip irrigation system of vegetables column.The drip irrigation rule be from morning 8:00 to late 6:00, per hour drip irrigation is 5 minutes, drip irrigation system is a pressure compensating emitter, it is Israel's import water dropper, the single head flow is 10L/hr.In the plant strain growth later stage, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, well developed root system can prolong the feed flow time by 10-15 minute.
Planting experiment:
Test period: year September in March, 2009-2009
Test site: in Inst of vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences's intelligent greenhouse
Experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test at the duration of test triplicate.Experimental group: vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, the vegetables vertical column type soilless culture plant area area that is adopted is 18m 2, adopt drip irrigation system.Control group: common soilless culture method is the common soilless culture method of identical floor space under the same facility environment, and matrix is common species phytyl matter, adopts drip irrigation system.Drip irrigation temporal regularity unanimity.The test vegetable variety is U.S.'s hare's-lettuce.
Vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables and common soilless culture method are done comparative trial, result of the test is as follows: the bud ratio of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables is 92%, the bud ratio of common soilless culture is 86%, and the yield per unit area of vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables is 2.9kg/m 2, comparison is according to yield per unit area 1.3kg/m 21.2 times have been improved.

Claims (1)

1. vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, be suitable for three-dimensional vertical column type soilless culture device, comprise and lead to the vertical training alms bowl (1) that connects of center pillar (2), between training alms bowl (1), also be inserted with the discharging tube (6) of controlled height, at the top of center pillar (2) feed pipe (5) is installed, this feed pipe (5) leads to collecting tank (7), form for drainage system with discharging tube (6) is common, directly insert in the field planting hole and can finish with the transplanting cup that has the seedling body during field planting, band transplanting cup together pulls up when gathering, and it is characterized in that:
1) go up directly evenly distribution field planting hole (4) at training alms bowl (1), the transplanting cup directly inserts in the field planting hole;
2) grow seedlings, plant matrix: adopting fafard peat, the perlite of the processing of Canadian Fafard company is the matrix of mixing at 100: 20: 1 with mass ratio with carbendazim;
3) grow seedlings: cover the nonwoven heat and moisture preserving on seedling-cultivating tray, seedling-cultivating tray lower berth heating wire guarantees seedling bed temperature at 25 ± 1 ℃, treats that the seedling of seedling-cultivating tray is long to 1 heart stage of 2 leaves, is about to seedling and is colonizated in the transplanting cup;
4) transplanting cup: the pvc pipe material cutting by diameter 50mm forms, length is 15cm, upper and lower surface each from the horizontal by 30 °, 60 ° angle, after this can guarantee that the transplanting cup inserts the field planting hole on vegetables column surface, its lower surface is during with intact contact of column field planting hole face, and transplanting cup upper surface is a level;
5) the tight filling substrate in transplanting cup lower end, the lax filling of upper end matrix, substrates quantity is a 150ml/ transplanting cup, after the seedling field planting is lived, is about in the field planting hole that the transplanting cup inserts vegetables column surface;
6) used nutrient solution contains following quality than composition: potassium nitrate KNO 3Content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH 4NO 3Content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH 2PO 4Content is 10%, potassium sulphate K 2SO 4Content is 20%, magnesium sulfate MgSO 4Content is 0.31%, boric acid H 3BO 3Content is 0.01%, copper sulphate CuSO 4Content is 0.03%, and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron EDTA-2NaFe content is 0.08%, manganese sulphate MnSO 4Content is 0.08%, ammonium molybdate (NH 4) eMo 7O 244H 2O content is 0.02%, zinc sulphate ZnSO 4Content is 0.03%, adds the running water configuration, and regulates the pH value of nutrient solution to 6.0-6.5 with phosphoric acid;
7) drip irrigation rule: for from morning 8:00 to late 6:00, per hour drip irrigation is 5 minutes, drip irrigation system is the adjustable water dropper of pressure-compensated, the single head flow is 10L/hr, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion in the plant strain growth later stage, well developed root system prolonged the feed flow time by 10-15 minute.
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CN102379236A (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-21 陶莉萍 Soilless water-circulation three-dimensional green plant planting technique in hollow pipe
CN103570439A (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-12 天津绿动植物营养技术开发有限公司 Plant nutritional agent in dosage form of effervescent tablet
CN103283548B (en) * 2013-06-17 2014-06-04 金寨县冠友盆景园艺有限公司 Rice soilless culture method
CN103380719B (en) * 2013-07-24 2015-10-07 金寨新天地现代农业有限公司 A kind of vegetable soilless culture matrix
CN103483083B (en) * 2013-09-23 2015-12-09 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所 A kind of Radix Angelicae Sinensis winter greenhouse soilless culture seedling medium and preparation method thereof
CN103598073A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-02-26 苏州维登农业有限公司 Method for soilless eggplant cultivation and planting in greenhouse
CN103583342A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-02-19 苏州维登农业有限公司 Method for soiless cultivation planting of hot pepper in greenhouse
CN103651077A (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-26 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 Vegetable soilless cultivation method
CN107182752A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-22 陈海 A kind of soilless culture water spinach implantation methods
CN109169242B (en) * 2018-09-30 2021-07-09 河北科技师范学院 Water planting basin alms bowl, stand and cultivation device
CN115067199A (en) * 2021-03-15 2022-09-20 河南赛诺优农科技有限公司 Soilless culture method

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CN2814962Y (en) * 2005-07-27 2006-09-13 程实 Column-type soil free space cultivation device
CN2852672Y (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-01-03 周广金 Stereo soilless cultivation device of vegetable and flower for sightseeing agriculture
CN1895027A (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-17 王瑞林 Movable plant or edibe fungus three-like culturing method and device

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CN1294106A (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-09 刘敏 Nutritive liquid for plant
CN1895027A (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-17 王瑞林 Movable plant or edibe fungus three-like culturing method and device
CN2814962Y (en) * 2005-07-27 2006-09-13 程实 Column-type soil free space cultivation device
CN2852672Y (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-01-03 周广金 Stereo soilless cultivation device of vegetable and flower for sightseeing agriculture

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