CN101715715B - Vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a column-type soilless cultivation method for vegetables, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation. The substrate is mixed with fafard peat, perlite and carbendazim in a mass ratio of 100:20:1; the seedling tray is covered with non-woven fabric to keep heat and moisturize, and the electric heating wire is laid underneath to ensure that the temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 25±1°C; the seedlings grow to 2 leaves Plant it in the planting cup at the 1st heart stage. After the seedlings are alive, insert the planting cup into the planting hole of the vegetable column type soilless cultivation device. The nutrient solution is specially formulated for soilless cultivation of vegetables. It is rich in nitrogen, which can quickly make the leaves green and grow. 60% of the nitrogen is nitrate nitrogen, which can be used all year round, especially suitable for low light conditions; High concentrations of magnesium and molybdenum are suitable for soilless cultivation of various vegetables. The invention improves the survival rate of the cultivated plants of the column three-dimensional soilless cultivation device, improves the space utilization rate, and increases the output of the column three-dimensional cultivation.

Description

A column type soilless cultivation method for vegetables

technical field

The invention relates to a column-type soilless cultivation method for vegetables, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation.

Background technique

At present, in the field of facility agriculture, crop soilless cultivation technology has been promoted. Compared with soil cultivation, soilless cultivation can accelerate the growth process of crops and increase the number of cultivation stubbles by 15%-20% in a year; the product quality is good, No pollution, clean and hygienic production environment, relatively few pests and diseases, greatly reducing the use of pesticides, and good fruit commerciality; eliminating the heavy labor of soil cultivation, saving time and effort; not limited by regions, soils and other conditions, improving land utilization Rate. Existing soilless cultivation techniques mainly include matrix cultivation, hydroponics and aeroponics and other forms, and most of them adopt the method of plane layout. The method proposes a new method for column-type soilless cultivation of vegetables, which fills up the technical blank in this field.

Contents of the invention

Technical Problems The purpose of this invention is to provide a column-type soilless cultivation method for vegetables, which can realize the large-scale and clean annual production of leafy vegetables and the greening and beautifying functions of ecological gardens, hotels and other occasions.

Technical solutions

A column-type soilless cultivation method for vegetables, suitable for a three-dimensional column-type soilless cultivation device, comprising a cultivation pot 1 connected vertically to a central column 2, and a drain pipe 6 with a controllable height is inserted between the cultivation pots 1, A liquid supply pipe 5 is installed on the top of the center column 2, and the liquid supply pipe 5 leads to the liquid collection tank 7, and together with the liquid discharge pipe 6, it forms a liquid supply and drainage system. It can be completed by inserting into the planting hole, and pulled out together with the planting cup when harvesting. It is characterized in that:

1) The planting holes 4 are directly and evenly distributed on the pot 1, and the planting cups are directly inserted into the planting holes;

2) Seedling raising and planting substrate: a substrate mixed with fafard peat, perlite and carbendazim in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 processed and produced by Fafard Corporation of Canada;

3) Seedling cultivation: Cover the seedling tray with non-woven fabric for heat preservation and moisture retention, and lay electric heating wires under the seedling tray to ensure that the temperature of the seedbed is at 25±1°C. When the seedlings on the seedling tray grow to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings will be planted in the transplanting area. in the cup;

4) Planting cup: cut from a PVC pipe with a diameter of 50mm, the length is 15cm, and the upper and lower surfaces form an angle of 30° and 60° with the horizontal direction, which can ensure that the lower surface of the planting cup and the surface of the column planting hole are intact When in contact, the upper surface of the planting cup is horizontal;

5) The lower end of the cup should be filled with matrix tightly, so that the matrix will not be poured down when watering during seedling slowing down, and the upper end of the cup should be filled loosely, which is conducive to transplanting seedlings. The amount of substrate is 150ml/planting cup. After the seedlings are planted live, insert the planting cup into the planting hole on the surface of the vegetable column;

6) The nutrient solution used contains the following mass ratio components: potassium nitrate KNO ₃ content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH ₂ PO ₄ content is 10%, potassium sulfate K ₂ The content of _SO4 is 20%, the content of magnesium sulfate _MgSO4 is 0.31%, the content of _boric acid _H3BO3 is 0.01%, the content of copper sulfate _CuSO4 is 0.03%, and the content of disodium iron EDTA-2NaFe is 0.08% , the content of manganese sulfate MnSO ₄ is 0.08%, the content of ammonium molybdate (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ 4H ₂ O is 0.02%, the content of zinc sulfate ZnSO ₄ is 0.03%, add tap water to configure, and adjust the nutrient solution with phosphoric acid PH value to 6.0-6.5.

7) Drip irrigation law: from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm, drip irrigation for 5 minutes per hour, the drip irrigation system is a pressure-compensated adjustable dripper, and the flow rate of each head is 10L/hr. In the later stage of plant growth, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the root system is developed, and the liquid supply time can be extended to 10-15 minutes.

Beneficial effect

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. Adding a wetting agent to the fafard peat in the substrate can quickly moisten the substrate; adding a water-soluble nutrient starter can supply the nutrients needed for the early growth of seedlings and improve the germination rate and survival rate.

2. The perlite in the matrix has good water retention and ventilation functions, and carbendazim can kill most of the bacteria in the matrix.

3. The planting cups for seedling planting are cut from PVC pipes with a diameter of 50mm, and the length is 15cm. When in perfect contact, the top surface of the cup is level. The planting cup is convenient for planting. It can be planted while harvesting, and a detailed planting plan can be formulated to achieve annual continuous factory production.

4. The nutrient solution used is specially prepared for soilless cultivation of vegetables. It is rich in nitrogen, which can quickly make the leaves green and grow. 60% of the nitrogen comes from nitrate nitrogen, which can be used all year round, especially suitable for Under low light conditions; higher concentrations of magnesium and molybdenum are suitable for soilless cultivation of various vegetables.

5. The present invention improves the survival rate of the vegetable column-type cultivated plants, improves the uniformity of the growth of the vegetable column-type cultivated plants, and enhances the aesthetics.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the original vegetable column cultivation device.

1-cultivation bowl, 2-center column, 3-cultivation convex, 4-planting cover, 5-planting hole, 6-drainage pipe, 7-liquid supply pipe, 8-sump

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the improved vegetable column cultivation device.

1-pot, 2-column, 3-dripper, 4-planting hole, 5-supply pipe, 6-drainage pipe, 7-sump

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the planting cup.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of inserting a planting cup into a vegetable column.

Detailed ways

The content of the present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1) A vertical column three-dimensional soilless cultivation device is adopted. For details, see Patent No. ZL03275638.0. This device includes a cultivation pot 1 that is vertically connected to the middle column 2, and 5 petals of cultivation protrusions 3 are embedded in the cultivation pot. A removable or replaceable planting cover 4 is left in the cultivation convex 3, and a planting hole 5 for crop growth is left on the planting cover. A removable or replaceable implant cup is inserted into the planting hole 5 . See attached picture 1.

In this method, the device is slightly improved, and the planting holes 4 are directly and evenly distributed on the pot 1, and the planting cups are directly inserted into the planting holes. See attached picture 2. After the improvement, the sealing performance of the pot is better, the function of heat preservation and heat insulation is increased, and the spread of pests and diseases can be effectively avoided.

Also insert the drain pipe 6 of controllable height between the cultivation bowl 1. Bowl body 1 is made by the high-density polystyrene foam material of 18 millimeters. A liquid supply pipe 5 is installed on the top of the center column 2, and the liquid supply pipe 5 leads to the liquid collection tank 7, and forms a liquid supply and discharge system together with the liquid discharge pipe 6. When planting, the planting cup with the seedling body can be directly inserted into the planting hole. When harvesting, the planting cup is pulled out together, and the seeds can be planted immediately without replacing the main device, so that the harvesting and planting can be carried out at the same time. It can make better use of the growing season, make full use of light and heat resources and three-dimensional space, and obtain higher biological yields.

2) Seedling raising and planting substrate: a substrate mixed with fafard peat, perlite and carbendazim in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 produced by Fafard Company of Canada;

3) Select the seedling tray for sowing and raising seedlings, and choose the method of sowing or on-demand according to the size of the seeds. When vegetables are sown and raised, water the seedbed thoroughly and cover the non-woven fabric to facilitate moisture retention and produce full seedlings. The electric heating wire is laid evenly under the seedbed to ensure that the temperature of the seedbed is 25±1°C. The seedbed is properly moist in the early stage and dry and loose in the middle and late stages. According to the drought situation of the substrate, use a 0.5mm aperture watering can to spray water to protect the seedlings. It is better to spray water in the morning or evening, otherwise it is easy to burn the seedlings. When the seedlings on the seedling tray grow to the stage of 2 leaves and 1 heart, they can be planted. Hardening the seedlings before planting can shorten the time for the seedlings to slow down, which is beneficial to the survival of the seedlings. The method is to let the seedlings fully receive the light before raising the seedlings, gradually lower the temperature, increase the temperature difference management, gradually increase the ventilation, and try not to water during the hardening period.

4) Plant in the special planting container planting cup. The planting cup is cut from a PVC pipe with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 15cm. After the planting cup is inserted into the planting hole, when its lower surface is in good contact with the column surface, the upper surface of the planting cup is horizontal, as shown in Figure 4.

5) Attention should be paid when filling the planting cup with the matrix: the dosage is 150ml/planting cup, the lower end of the planting cup should be tightly filled with the matrix, so that the matrix will not be watered down during the seedling slowing down period, and the upper end of the matrix should be loosely filled , conducive to transplanting and root growth. The planting cup filled with substrate is placed upright so that the upper surface of the planting cup should be parallel to the ground, which is beneficial to the growth of seedlings and later management. When planting, the seedlings should be gently pinched to avoid damage to the tender stems. A special shovel should be used to lift and dig the seedlings, and the seedlings should be raised as they are divided. Shade after seedling division.

6) One week after planting, after all the seedlings have survived, the cup can be fixed to the vegetable column and inserted into the planting hole of the vegetable column to ensure that the lower surface of the cup is in full contact with the planting hole of the vegetable column. The surface is parallel to the ground.

7) The nutrient solution used in the vegetable column type contains the following mass ratio components: potassium nitrate KNO ₃ content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH ₂ PO ₄ content is 10%, sulfuric acid The content of potassium _K2SO4 is 20%, the content of magnesium sulfate _MgSO4 is 0.31%, the content of _boric acid _H3BO3 is 0.01%, the content of copper sulfate _CuSO4 is 0.03% _, and the content of disodium iron EDTA-2NaFe 0.08%, the content of manganese sulfate MnSO ₄ is 0.08%, the content of ammonium molybdate (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ 4H ₂ O is 0.02%, the content of zinc sulfate ZnSO ₄ is 0.03%, add tap water to configure, and adjust with phosphoric acid The pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0-6.5. The raw materials of the above nutrient solutions are purchased from Shanghai Yongtong Chemical Company, and can also be bought in chemical reagent stores.

First configure the mother liquor, and then use the mother liquor to dilute into a cultivation nutrient solution. In order to prevent precipitation when preparing the mother liquor, first classify the various compounds in the formula and configure them into A mother liquor, B mother liquor and C mother liquor. A mother liquor contains potassium nitrate KNO ₃ and ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ . Mother liquor B mainly contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH ₂ PO ₄ , potassium sulfate K ₂ SO ₄ , and magnesium sulfate MgSO ₄ . C mother liquor is composed of chelated iron disodium iron EDTA-2NaFe, boric acid H ₃ BO ₃ , copper sulfate CuSO ₄ , manganese sulfate MnSO ₄ , ammonium molybdate (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ ·4H ₂ O and zinc sulfate ZnSO ₄ . Calculate the amount of various compounds in the formula according to the volume of the mother liquor to be prepared and the concentration multiple, and weigh them correctly one by one. Add fertilizers one by one, stir evenly, and wait until the first fertilizer is fully dissolved before adding the second After all fertilizers are dissolved, add water to the required volume and stir evenly. Usually made 200 times the mother liquor. When using the mother liquor to dilute into the working nutrient solution, first add 1/2-2/3 of the required volume of water to the nutrient solution pool, measure the required amount of A mother liquor and pour it in, turn on the water pump to circulate, and then measure B The amount of mother liquor, slowly pour it into the clear water inlet of the nutrient solution pool, let the water source dilute B mother liquor and bring it into the nutrient solution pool, turn on the water pump to circulate and stir it evenly, and then measure C mother liquor according to the addition method of B mother liquor Add to the reservoir, and finally add water to the required volume.

The characteristic of this nutrient solution is that it is rich in nitrogen, which can quickly make the leaves green and grow. 60% of the nitrogen comes from nitrate nitrogen, which can be used all year round, especially suitable for low light conditions; higher concentrations of magnesium and Molybdenum is suitable for soilless cultivation of various vegetables. The nutrient solution is circulated by the drip irrigation system of the vegetable column. The drip irrigation rule is from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm, drip irrigation for 5 minutes per hour, and the drip irrigation system is a pressure-compensated dripper, which is imported from Israel, with a single-head flow rate of 10L/hr. In the later stage of plant growth, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the root system is developed, and the liquid supply time can be extended to 10-15 minutes.

Planting test:

Test time: March 2009-September 2009

Test location: In the intelligent greenhouse of Vegetable Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Experimental design: A randomized block design was adopted, and the experiment was repeated three times during the experiment. Test group: column-type soilless cultivation method for vegetables, the adopted vegetable column-type soilless cultivation device covers an area of 18m ² , and adopts a drip irrigation system. Control group: common soilless cultivation method, which is a common soilless cultivation method with the same land area under the same facility environment, the substrate is a common planting substrate, and a drip irrigation system is used. The drip irrigation time is consistent. The experimental vegetable variety was American chicory.

The column-type soilless cultivation method of vegetables is compared with the common soilless cultivation method. The test results are as follows: the germination rate of the vegetable column-type soilless cultivation method is 92%, the germination rate of the common soilless cultivation is 86%, and the vegetable column-type soilless cultivation method is 86%. The yield per unit area of the soil cultivation method is 2.9kg/m ² , which is 1.2 times higher than that of the control unit area of 1.3kg/m ² .

Claims (1)

1. vertical column type soilless culture method of vegetables, be suitable for three-dimensional vertical column type soilless culture device, comprise and lead to the vertical training alms bowl (1) that connects of center pillar (2), between training alms bowl (1), also be inserted with the discharging tube (6) of controlled height, at the top of center pillar (2) feed pipe (5) is installed, this feed pipe (5) leads to collecting tank (7), form for drainage system with discharging tube (6) is common, directly insert in the field planting hole and can finish with the transplanting cup that has the seedling body during field planting, band transplanting cup together pulls up when gathering, and it is characterized in that:

1) go up directly evenly distribution field planting hole (4) at training alms bowl (1), the transplanting cup directly inserts in the field planting hole;

2) grow seedlings, plant matrix: adopting fafard peat, the perlite of the processing of Canadian Fafard company is the matrix of mixing at 100: 20: 1 with mass ratio with carbendazim;

3) grow seedlings: cover the nonwoven heat and moisture preserving on seedling-cultivating tray, seedling-cultivating tray lower berth heating wire guarantees seedling bed temperature at 25 ± 1 ℃, treats that the seedling of seedling-cultivating tray is long to 1 heart stage of 2 leaves, is about to seedling and is colonizated in the transplanting cup;

4) transplanting cup: the pvc pipe material cutting by diameter 50mm forms, length is 15cm, upper and lower surface each from the horizontal by 30 °, 60 ° angle, after this can guarantee that the transplanting cup inserts the field planting hole on vegetables column surface, its lower surface is during with intact contact of column field planting hole face, and transplanting cup upper surface is a level;

5) the tight filling substrate in transplanting cup lower end, the lax filling of upper end matrix, substrates quantity is a 150ml/ transplanting cup, after the seedling field planting is lived, is about in the field planting hole that the transplanting cup inserts vegetables column surface;

6) used nutrient solution contains following quality than composition: potassium nitrate KNO ₃Content is 12%, ammonium nitrate NH ₄NO ₃Content is 8%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH ₂PO ₄Content is 10%, potassium sulphate K ₂SO ₄Content is 20%, magnesium sulfate MgSO ₄Content is 0.31%, boric acid H ₃BO ₃Content is 0.01%, copper sulphate CuSO ₄Content is 0.03%, and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron EDTA-2NaFe content is 0.08%, manganese sulphate MnSO ₄Content is 0.08%, ammonium molybdate (NH ₄) _eMo ₇O ₂₄4H ₂O content is 0.02%, zinc sulphate ZnSO ₄Content is 0.03%, adds the running water configuration, and regulates the pH value of nutrient solution to 6.0-6.5 with phosphoric acid;

7) drip irrigation rule: for from morning 8:00 to late 6:00, per hour drip irrigation is 5 minutes, drip irrigation system is the adjustable water dropper of pressure-compensated, the single head flow is 10L/hr, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion in the plant strain growth later stage, well developed root system prolonged the feed flow time by 10-15 minute.

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