CN104012393A - Vegetable cultivation nutrient bed and vegetable cultivation method - Google Patents
Vegetable cultivation nutrient bed and vegetable cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012393A CN104012393A CN201410224431.6A CN201410224431A CN104012393A CN 104012393 A CN104012393 A CN 104012393A CN 201410224431 A CN201410224431 A CN 201410224431A CN 104012393 A CN104012393 A CN 104012393A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable cultivation nutrient bed and a vegetable cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable soilless cultivation production. The vegetable cultivation nutrient bed mainly comprises surrounding walls on the two sides and a bed body in the middle, the bed body is composed of a water-retention film layer, a cobblestone layer, a water-permeable film layer and nutrient soil, and the water-retention film layer, the cobblestone layer, the water-permeable film layer and the nutrient soil are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The water-retention film layer is a right-angle U-shaped plastic film located at the bottommost layer, and the nutrient soil is formed by uniformly mixing and fermenting the raw materials comprising, by weight, 5-15 parts of river sand, 25-35 parts of chaff, 25-35 parts of biogas slurry and 25-30 parts of sawdust. Vegetables cultured through the bed and the method are high in quality, high in yield, environmentally friendly, clean and healthy, save cost and have the advantages of being capable of maturing early, little in disease, free of inorganic fertilizers and free of pollution, saving water and labor and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soilless culture production technology of a kind of vegetables, particularly a kind of vegetable growing fuel bed and vegetable growing method thereof.
Background technology
Existing capsicum, eggplant, three-coloured amaranth etc. are mostly used earth culture cultivation method, plant kind is in the ground on the ridge of field, because of the restriction of the natural conditions such as the soil property of soil, fertile degree, nutritive element content, quality of vegetable, the nutrition of planting out are difficult to the state that reaches desirable, and be subject to the impact of season, weather, production cycle, plucking time are all unstable, and the labor workload of soil cultivation is large, water, apply fertilizer, dig etc. needs labour many, wastes time and energy; The particularly soil of some soil property ultrahard, the difficulty of plantation vegetable crop is larger.At present, also there are some existing soilless culture methods, but mostly be special culture material and cultivation technique without soil thereof for a certain vegetables, fruit or mushroom, can not be applicable to the growing vegetables of multiple types, as application number Chinese invention patent application that is 201310322898X etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide vegetable growing fuel bed and the vegetable growing method thereof of a kind of green, environmental protection, adopt the growth cycle of all kinds of vegetables of the method plantation all to have shortening in various degree, bear fruit and plucking time prolongation, the output of vegetables and quality all obviously improve.
The present invention proposes a kind of vegetable growing fuel bed, mainly form by being positioned at the leg of both sides and being positioned at a middle bed body, described bed body comprises the water conservation rete, cobblestone layer, permeable rete, the Nutrition Soil that set gradually from the bottom up, described water conservation rete is the layer of plastic film that is positioned at the bottom, it is laid on the bed base of leveling, dual-side raises up and is " Qian " shape, dual-side leans on mutually with two side enclosure wall, and extending nutrition soil layer middle part or top, described cobblestone layer is evenly tiled and forms by fritter cobblestone; Described permeable rete is the base fabric that moisture resistance corrosion resistant material is made; Described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 3 ~ 4 parts of 5-15 parts, river sand, husk 25--35 part, liquid 25--35, natural pond part, weed tree sawdust 25-30 part, liquor potassic permanganates.
Preferably, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil is arranged to different-thickness according to the vegetable root system actual needs of different cultivars; Described permeable rete is knit nylon cloth; Described leg is the smooth hollow brick composition discharging, and hollow brick is one or more layers, parallel with bed height or a little higher than height of its height; Described weed tree sawdust is ground into 40-60 object wood dust by cracker after referring to wild all kinds of weedtrees being removed to tender shoots, branch, leaf, or fineness after all kinds of timber processing is 40-60 order wood dust.
Described liquor potassic permanganate is according to potassium permanganate: the mass ratio preparation of water=1:500-800 is synthetic; Described bed base is soil property ground; Described cobblestone layer thickness is 40mm-50 mm, and the specification of described fritter cobblestone is piece footpath 8 mm-16mm.
The fermentation of described Nutrition Soil refers to annual seven, August take described river sand, husk, natural pond liquid, weed tree sawdust by described configuration proportion after and fully stirs and mix, be stacked in the plastic greenhouse of sealing, nutrition mound surface covers tight with plastic film sealing, spontaneous fermentation is more than 90 days, and fermentation temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
The present invention also provides the vegetable growing method of the described vegetable growing fuel of a kind of use bed, and described vegetable growing fuel bed will be arranged in plastic vegetable greenhouse, comprises the following steps:
A, the Nutrition Soil uniform spreading fermenting is placed on permeable rete, is paved into adequate thickness according to the vegetable root system actual needs of certain species;
B, establish one or more drip irrigation pipe on Nutrition Soil surface, horizontal spacing between distance between drip irrigation pipe and the vegetable variety plant that will plant adapts, every drip irrigation pipe is provided with multiple drip irrigations hole, the position in drip irrigation hole is corresponding with the position of plant, and a drip irrigation hole is offered in the position near each plant in drip irrigation pipe;
Vegetable seeds or vegetable seedling under planting in C, Nutrition Soil after completing, adopt drip irrigation to supplement moisture content and nutrient solution;
D, when this batch of vegetables picking period mistake, change vegetable variety or batch time, original crop is removed, press 100-120g/m with quicklime
2consumption be evenly sprinkling upon Nutrition Soil surface, dig stir make quicklime and Nutrition Soil mix rear standing 2-3 days, reach disinfective action, then in the Nutrition Soil after sterilization, plant new vegetable variety or batch.
Preferably, described Nutrition Soil can repeatedly be sterilized and recycle according to the method for above-mentioned D step, or mixes a small amount of firm fermentation new Nutrition Soil out in Nutrition Soil after sterilization, and recycling after both are stirred.
In Nutrition Soil after described sterilization, mix 30 ~ 40% new Nutrition Soil.
In described step C, described nutrient solution is natural pond liquid, the described concrete mode with the supplementary moisture content of drip irrigation and nutrient solution is, in spring, autumn, winter, use drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation once every day, uses drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation secondary every day in summer, and drip irrigation rule is first day, second day drip irrigation clear water, the 3rd day drip irrigation natural pond liquid, so circulation; Each drip irrigation time is 10-20 minute, and each drip irrigation amount is 400 ± 200 g/m
2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt the growth cycle of all kinds of vegetables of this soilless culture method plantation all to have shortening in various degree, bear fruit and plucking time prolongation, the output of vegetables and quality all obviously improve, after different cultivars growing vegetables, situation is as follows: capsicum: output improves 10% left and right, fruit is large, quality is higher, and plantation is not subject to seasonal effect; Eggplant: output improves 20 ~ 25% left and right, fruit is large, and fruit shape is evenly straight, old tender appropriateness, percentage of fertile fruit increases more than 10%; Pumpkin: output improves more than 100%, can shorten 10 ~ 15 days from planting to pluck, and fruiting period extends about 30 days; Three-coloured amaranth: spring sowing three-coloured amaranth can shift to an earlier date Time To Market 15 days, and mouthfeel is soft tender, best in quality, and the more common earth culture of output slightly improves; Adopt again automatic dripping irrigation to send clear water and natural pond liquid fertilizer, can save pouring, apply fertilizer, dig a large amount of artificial, because of Nutrition Soil, only 100-400 mm are thick, and density is little, light weight, maintenance, the workload of loosening the soil alleviate greatly, reduce cost of labor; This fuel bed water conservation moisture-retaining capacity is good, and water-saving and environmental protection adopts " Qian " shape water conservation rete to prevent water and fertile loss, adopts cobblestone layer to play water retention; Adopt permeable rete to play and regulate the effect of nutritive layer moisture content; The material component of Nutrition Soil adopts the even free material of the low price such as the farm animal excrements such as wild weedtree wood chip processed, woodwork waste material wood chip, natural pond liquid, and production cost is low; The have additional nutrients drain function of native airing function and soil of river sand in formula, makes Nutrition Soil more loose, regulates Nutrition Soil water content, promotes plant root growth to grow; Husk is rich in cellulose, lignin, silica; Oil content and Protein content is extremely low, has high ash content (7%-9%) and high silica content (20% left and right) feature, has good toughness, porous, low-density, can after fermentation, provide nutriment, and the native airing function that can have additional nutrients, alleviates the weight of Nutrition Soil, reduces maintenance work amount; In the liquid of natural pond, contain abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, each amino acid, vitamin, protein, gibberellin, growth hormone, carbohydrate, nucleic acid and antibiotic etc., and butyric acid, heteroauxin, cobalamin isoreactivity resistance material, quick-acting and the long-lasting bio-organic fertilizer having both, provide plant growth required various nutriments, in the fermentation process of Nutrition Soil, also play effect of expelling parasite, desinsection; Weed tree sawdust provides nutriment after fermentation, and native airing function has additional nutrients; Liquor potassic permanganate plays sterilization effect; In the time that Nutrition Soil recycles, in the Nutrition Soil after sterilization, mix a small amount of firm fermentation new Nutrition Soil out, can ensure Nutrition Soil adequate thickness, can also make its nutrition more balanced.
In a word, vegetables quality that this cultivation method is cultivated is high, output is high, saves cost, green, and environmental protection, clean, health, and there is precocity, disease and gently, do not need to use inorganic fertilizer, the advantages such as pollution-free, water-saving, saving of labor, are conducive to realize agricultural modernization.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-is suitable for planting vegetable growing fuel bed and the vegetable growing method of capsicum
The vegetable growing fuel bed of this example, mainly form by being positioned at the leg of both sides and being positioned at a middle bed body, described bed body comprises the water conservation rete, cobblestone layer, permeable rete, the Nutrition Soil that set gradually from the bottom up, described water conservation rete is the layer of plastic film that is positioned at the bottom, it is laid on the bed base of leveling, dual-side raises up and is " Qian " shape, dual-side leans on mutually with two side enclosure wall, and extend in the middle part of nutrition soil layer or top, described cobblestone layer thickness is 40-50 mm, is evenly tiled and forms by fritter cobblestone; Described permeable rete is the base fabric that moisture resistance corrosion resistant material is made; Described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 10 parts, river sand, 30 parts, husk, 30 parts of natural pond liquid, 28 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 3.5 parts of liquor potassic permanganates.The thickness of described Nutrition Soil is 30cm; Described weed tree sawdust is ground into 40-60 object wood dust by cracker after referring to wild all kinds of weedtrees being removed to tender shoots, branch, leaf, or fineness after all kinds of timber processing is 40-60 order wood dust; Described permeable rete is knit nylon cloth, and it weaves to such an extent that be not very fine and close, easily allows moisture see through; Described leg is the smooth hollow brick discharging or composite brick composition, and hollow brick or composite brick are one or more layers, parallel with bed height or a little higher than height of its height; Described bed base is soil property ground; The specification of described fritter cobblestone is piece footpath 10-12mm.
Described liquor potassic permanganate is according to potassium permanganate: the mass ratio preparation of water=1:100 is synthetic.
The fermentation of described Nutrition Soil refers to annual seven, August take described river sand, husk, natural pond liquid, weed tree sawdust by described configuration proportion after and fully stirs and mix, be stacked in the plastic greenhouse of sealing, nutrition mound surface covers tight with plastic film sealing, spontaneous fermentation is more than 90 days, and fermentation temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
The present embodiment also refers to a kind of vegetable growing method of utilizing vegetable growing fuel bed that is suitable for planting capsicum, and described vegetable growing fuel bed will be arranged in plastic vegetable greenhouse, comprises the following steps:
A, the Nutrition Soil uniform spreading fermenting is placed on permeable rete, is paved into the thickness of 300 mm;
B, establish one or more drip irrigation pipe on Nutrition Soil surface, horizontal spacing between distance between drip irrigation pipe and the vegetable variety plant that will plant adapts, every drip irrigation pipe is provided with multiple drip irrigations hole, the position in drip irrigation hole is corresponding with the position of plant, and a drip irrigation hole is offered in the position near each plant in drip irrigation pipe;
Vegetable seeds or vegetable seedling under planting in C, Nutrition Soil after completing, adopt drip irrigation to supplement moisture content and nutrient solution;
D, when this batch of vegetables picking period mistake, change vegetable variety or batch time, original crop is removed, press 100-120g/m with quicklime
2consumption be evenly sprinkling upon Nutrition Soil surface, dig stir make quicklime and Nutrition Soil mix rear standing 2-3 days, reach disinfective action, then in the Nutrition Soil after sterilization, plant new vegetable variety or batch;
Described Nutrition Soil can repeatedly be sterilized and recycle according to the method for above-mentioned D step, or mixes a small amount of firm fermentation new Nutrition Soil out in Nutrition Soil after sterilization, and recycling after both are stirred.
In Nutrition Soil after described sterilization, mix 30 ~ 40% new Nutrition Soil.
In described step C, described nutrient solution is natural pond liquid, the described concrete mode with the supplementary moisture content of drip irrigation and nutrient solution is, in spring, autumn, winter, use drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation once every day, uses drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation secondary every day in summer, and drip irrigation rule is first day, second day drip irrigation clear water, the 3rd day drip irrigation natural pond liquid, so circulation; Each drip irrigation time is 10-20 minute, and each drip irrigation amount is 400g/m
2.
Embodiment bis-is suitable for planting vegetable growing fuel bed and the vegetable growing method of pumpkin
The present embodiment and embodiment are roughly the same, and difference is, described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 14 parts, river sand, 33 parts, husk, 33 parts of natural pond liquid, 29 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 4 parts of liquor potassic permanganates.Each drip irrigation amount is 550g/m
2, the Nutrition Soil thickness of vegetable growing fuel bed is 400 mm.
Embodiment tri-is suitable for planting vegetable growing fuel bed and the vegetable growing method of three-coloured amaranth
The present embodiment and embodiment are roughly the same, and difference is, described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 8 parts, river sand, 26 parts, husk, 28 parts of natural pond liquid, 26 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 3.2 parts of liquor potassic permanganates.Each drip irrigation amount is 450g/m
2, the Nutrition Soil thickness of vegetable growing fuel bed is 200 mm.
Embodiment tetra-is suitable for planting vegetable growing fuel bed and the vegetable growing method of eggplant
The present embodiment and embodiment are roughly the same, and difference is, described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 6 parts, river sand, 28 parts, husk, 34 parts of natural pond liquid, 27 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 3.8 parts of liquor potassic permanganates.Each drip irrigation amount is 350g/m
2, the Nutrition Soil thickness of vegetable growing fuel bed is 300 mm.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure transformation that utilizes description of the present invention to do, or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a vegetable growing fuel bed, it is characterized in that, mainly form by being positioned at the leg of both sides and being positioned at a middle bed body, described bed body comprises the water conservation rete, cobblestone layer, permeable rete, the Nutrition Soil that set gradually from the bottom up, described water conservation rete is the layer of plastic film that is positioned at the bottom, it is laid on the bed base of leveling, dual-side raises up and is " Qian " shape, dual-side leans on mutually with two side enclosure wall, and extending nutrition soil layer middle part or top, described cobblestone layer is evenly tiled and forms by fritter cobblestone; Described permeable rete is the base fabric that moisture resistance corrosion resistant material is made; Described Nutrition Soil is made through fermentation after being prepared and mixed by the raw material of following mass ratio: 3 ~ 4 parts of 5-15 parts, river sand, husk 25--35 part, liquid 25--35, natural pond part, weed tree sawdust 25-30 part, liquor potassic permanganates.
2. vegetable growing fuel bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil is arranged to different-thickness according to the vegetable root system actual needs of different cultivars; Described permeable rete is knit nylon cloth; Described leg is the smooth hollow brick composition discharging, and hollow brick is one or more layers, parallel with bed height or a little higher than height of its height; Described weed tree sawdust is ground into 40-60 object wood dust by cracker after referring to wild all kinds of weedtrees being removed to tender shoots, branch, leaf, or fineness after all kinds of timber processing is 40-60 order wood dust.
3. vegetable growing fuel bed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described liquor potassic permanganate is according to potassium permanganate: the mass ratio preparation of water=1:500-800 is synthetic; Described bed base is soil property ground; Described cobblestone layer thickness is 40mm-50 mm, and the specification of described fritter cobblestone is piece footpath 8 mm-16mm.
4. according to the vegetable growing fuel bed described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the fermentation of described Nutrition Soil refers to annual seven, August take described river sand, husk, natural pond liquid, weed tree sawdust by described configuration proportion after and fully stirs and mix, be stacked in the plastic greenhouse of sealing, nutrition mound surface covers tight with plastic film sealing, spontaneous fermentation is more than 90 days, and fermentation temperature is controlled at 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
5. right to use requires a vegetable growing method for vegetable growing fuel bed described in 1, it is characterized in that, described vegetable growing fuel bed will be arranged in plastic vegetable greenhouse, comprises the following steps:
A, the Nutrition Soil uniform spreading fermenting is placed on permeable rete, is paved into adequate thickness according to the vegetable root system actual needs of certain species;
B, establish one or more drip irrigation pipe on Nutrition Soil surface, horizontal spacing between distance between drip irrigation pipe and the vegetable variety plant that will plant adapts, every drip irrigation pipe is provided with multiple drip irrigations hole, the position in drip irrigation hole is corresponding with the position of plant, and a drip irrigation hole is offered in the position near each plant in drip irrigation pipe;
Vegetable seeds or vegetable seedling under planting in C, Nutrition Soil after completing, adopt drip irrigation to supplement moisture content and nutrient solution;
D, when this batch of vegetables picking period mistake, change vegetable variety or batch time, original crop is removed, press 100-120g/m with quicklime
2consumption be evenly sprinkling upon Nutrition Soil surface, dig stir make quicklime and Nutrition Soil mix rear standing 2-3 days, reach disinfective action, then in the Nutrition Soil after sterilization, plant new vegetable variety or batch.
6. vegetable growing method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described Nutrition Soil can repeatedly be sterilized and recycle according to the method for above-mentioned D step, or mixes a small amount of firm fermentation new Nutrition Soil out in Nutrition Soil after sterilization, and recycling after both are stirred.
7. vegetable growing method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, mixes 30 ~ 40% new Nutrition Soil in the Nutrition Soil after described sterilization.
8. vegetable growing method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step C, described nutrient solution is natural pond liquid, and the described concrete mode with the supplementary moisture content of drip irrigation and nutrient solution is, in spring, autumn, winter, use drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation once every day, uses drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation secondary every day in summer, and drip irrigation rule is first day, second day drip irrigation clear water, the 3rd day drip irrigation natural pond liquid, so circulation; Each drip irrigation time is 10-20 minute, and each drip irrigation amount is 400 ± 200 g/m
2.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103894400A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Method for promoting enrichment of cadmium of red spinach by using plant growth regulator |
| CN105660346A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-15 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Soilless organic cultivation underground tank and application thereof |
| CN106665183A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-17 | 太湖县光华农业科技有限公司 | Dendrobium matrix material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106941914A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-14 | 云南骏源农业开发有限公司 | A kind of vegetables ecology planting method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103894400A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 西南科技大学 | Method for promoting enrichment of cadmium of red spinach by using plant growth regulator |
| CN105660346A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-15 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Soilless organic cultivation underground tank and application thereof |
| CN106665183A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-17 | 太湖县光华农业科技有限公司 | Dendrobium matrix material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106941914A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-14 | 云南骏源农业开发有限公司 | A kind of vegetables ecology planting method |
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