CN115067199A - Soilless culture method - Google Patents
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- CN115067199A CN115067199A CN202110277112.1A CN202110277112A CN115067199A CN 115067199 A CN115067199 A CN 115067199A CN 202110277112 A CN202110277112 A CN 202110277112A CN 115067199 A CN115067199 A CN 115067199A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless culture method for leaf vegetables, which comprises the following steps: accelerating germination of seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves; flattening cotyledons and dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart, and culturing by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves; and (3) fixedly planting the seedlings growing to 4-5 true leaves, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a second culture solution for 20-32 days, wherein the EC of the second culture solution is greater than that of the first culture solution. According to the soilless culture method, the seedlings are subjected to soilless culture through the first culture solution and the second culture solution, and the culture solutions with different concentrations are adopted to culture the seedlings at different growth periods of the seedlings, so that the requirements of the seedlings on nutrition at different growth periods are met. When the soilless culture method is used for leaf vegetable culture, complete indoor culture can be realized, so that the soilless culture method is not influenced by severe environment and extreme climate, and the production season is not limited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a soilless culture method.
Background
China is large in population and has large demand on vegetables, wherein leaf vegetables and root vegetables are quite various and are popular among people.
However, the existing vegetable cultivation methods are affected by severe environments and extreme climates, so that the production seasons of leaf vegetables and root vegetables are severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a soilless culture method that can solve the above problems.
A soilless culture method is used for leaf vegetables and comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves;
flattening cotyledons and dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart, and culturing by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves; and
and (3) fixedly planting the seedlings growing to 4-5 true leaves, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a second culture solution for 20-32 days, wherein the EC of the second culture solution is greater than that of the first culture solution.
According to the soilless culture method, the seedlings are subjected to soilless culture through the first culture solution and the second culture solution, and the culture solutions with different concentrations are adopted to culture the seedlings at different growth periods of the seedlings, so that the requirements of the seedlings on nutrition at different growth periods are met.
When the soilless culture method is used for leaf vegetable culture, complete indoor culture can be realized, so that the soilless culture method is not influenced by severe environment and extreme climate, and the production season is not limited.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a soilless culture method according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The soilless culture method of an embodiment as shown in fig. 1 includes the steps of:
s10, accelerating germination of the seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves.
Generally, the stage of germination of the seeds into flat cotyledonary, open-leaf seedlings may be referred to as the germination stage.
The soilless culture method can be suitable for the culture of various leaf vegetables.
Preferably, the seeds are radish seeds.
More preferably, the seeds are cherry radish seeds.
Preferably, the operation of accelerating germination of the seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves comprises the following steps: putting seeds into planting cotton, pressing the planting cotton to enable the planting cotton to absorb pure water to a saturated state, then accelerating germination of the seeds until the seeds germinate until cotyledons are flattened and true leaves are exposed.
The fixed planting cotton can adopt the fixed planting cotton (a cube of 2.5 cm) which is formed by combining small blocks and has good air permeability, water retention and buffering capacity, and the fixed planting cotton absorbs pure water to a saturated state by repeatedly pressing the fixed planting cotton.
Generally, the planting cotton can be polypropylene planting cotton.
In addition, a 72 hole tray may be used for seed germination, seedling growth and root fixation.
In particular, pregermination is usually carried out in a pregermination chamber. The germination room is a closed space which is automatically controlled by a computer according to the temperature, humidity and illumination environmental factors in the crop germination process through high-precision environmental control in facilities.
In the case of cherry radish, the germination period may be about 6 days.
S20, flattening cotyledons, dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart, and culturing by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves.
Generally, the stage of seedling division from seedling with flattened cotyledon and exposed core of true leaves to seedling growth to 4-5 true leaves by using the first culture solution is called seedling division stage.
Preferably, the EC of the first culture solution is 1.2-1.4.
S20, flattening cotyledons and dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves: and (3) seedling division of the seedling with the cotyledon flattened and the true leaves exposed to the heart, culturing by adopting a first culture solution until the seedling grows to 2-3 true leaves, seedling division again, and continuously culturing by adopting the first culture solution until the seedling grows to 4-5 true leaves.
Generally, the operation of seedling division can be as follows: and (4) fixing the seedlings with the cotyledon flattened and the true leaves exposed to the heart on a seedling raising plate separately.
When the seedlings are divided for the first time, the distance between two adjacent seedlings can be 4 cm-6 cm (preferably 5 cm).
When the seedlings are divided for the second time, the distance between two adjacent seedlings can be 8 cm-10 cm (preferably 9 cm).
The seedlings after seedling separation can be arranged to form a triangle, a quadrangle and the like.
In the case of cherry radish, the seedling stage can be about 11 days.
It needs to be reminded that in the two seedling divisions, the seedlings need to be lightly taken and put, no friction and no collision on the root system are needed, and the root injury is avoided in the whole operation process. The root system is immersed in the nutrient solution as much as possible. And keeping all the planted cotton on a horizontal plane after transplanting. After each seedling raising plate is fully inserted, the seedlings are immediately placed into the nutrient solution, so that the time of the plants in the air is shortened.
S30, planting the seedlings growing to 4-5 true leaves, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a second culture solution for 20-32 days.
Generally, the stage of planting seedlings growing to 4-5 true leaves, culturing the seedlings for 20-32 days by using the second culture solution, can be called growth stage.
In the present application, the EC of the second culture fluid is greater than the EC of the first culture fluid.
Due to the fact that nutrition consumption of seedlings is high in the growth period, the seedlings grow rapidly, and therefore the soilless culture method can better meet the growth requirements of the seedlings by selecting the nutrient solution with higher EC in the growth period of the seedlings.
Further, the second culture solution comprises a third culture solution and a fourth culture solution, the EC of the first culture solution is less than that of the third culture solution, the EC of the third culture solution is less than that of the fourth culture solution, and the EC of the fifth culture solution is less than that of the fourth culture solution.
Through the concentration of the nutrient solution of adjusting each cycle of seedling growth and development, can avoid extravagant on the one hand, on the other hand can promote the seedling to grow fast.
In S30, the operation of culturing the seedlings for 20 to 32 days by using the second culture solution comprises the following steps: and culturing the seedlings by adopting the third culture solution for 6 to 8 days, and culturing the seedlings by adopting the fourth culture solution for 13 to 23 days.
Taking cherry radish as an example, the growing period can be reached after the radish is cultured by the third culture solution for about 7 days and then cultured by the fourth culture solution for about 13 days.
Preferably, the EC of the third culture solution is 1.2-1.8, and the EC of the fourth culture solution is 1.6-2.2.
More preferably, the EC of the third culture solution is 1.5-1.6, and the EC of the fourth culture solution is 1.8-2.
In the present embodiment, the first, third, fourth and fifth culture liquids have the same composition and ratio of each component, and have different concentrations.
Specifically, the first culture solution, the third culture solution, the fourth culture solution, and the fifth culture solution are obtained by preparing a mother solution of a nutrient solution having a high concentration and diluting the mother solution in different proportions.
In particular, the nutrient mother liquor may be selected from formulations conventional in the art.
In this embodiment, taking cherry radish as an example, the nutrient solution formula generally includes macroelements and microelements, the macroelements formula may be selected from a fruit and vegetable formula of south China agricultural university, a general formula of japanese garden test, and a hoagland formula, and the microelements formula is a general formula.
The specific formulations are shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
Table 1: macroelement formula
Table 2: microelement formula
| Trace elements | Molecular formula | Element ratio (%) | Molecular weight | mg/L |
| Chelated iron | NaFe-EDTA(Fe-13％) | 13 | 421 | 20-40 |
| Boric acid | H 3 BO 3 | 17.48 | 62 | 2.86 |
| Manganese sulfate | MnSO 4 .H 2 O | 32.5 | 169 | 1.61 |
| Zinc sulfate | ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O | 22.74 | 287.55 | 0.22 |
| Copper sulfate | CuSO 4 .5H 2 O | 25.45 | 249.69 | 0.08 |
| Sodium molybdate | Na 2 MoO 4 .2H 2 O | 39.68 | 241.95 | 0.027 |
And aiming at different types of vegetables, a proper formula can be selected according to actual requirements.
Taking cherry radish as an example, the pH of all nutrient solutions should be kept constant at 5.5-6.5 in the whole growth period of the cherry radish, and the nutrient solution is measured once every 2 days, so that the proper concentration, liquid level and pH value of the nutrient solution are ensured.
When the pH is more than 6.5, 1-2mol/L of H is used 2 SO 4 、HCl、HNO 3 、H 3 PO 4 Adjusting;
when the pH value is less than 5.5, the pH value is adjusted by using 1-2mol/L KOH and NaOH.
Taking cherry radish as an example, the proper dissolved oxygen of all nutrient solutions is more than 5mg/L in the whole growth period of the cherry radish, and the nutrient solutions circulate 30min/h in the daytime and do not circulate at night.
The temperature of all nutrient solutions can be kept between 18 ℃ and 22 ℃. In the present embodiment, after the radish is planted, the distance between adjacent radishes may be 11cm to 15cm (preferably 11 cm).
The radishes after planting can be arranged to form a triangle, a quadrangle and the like.
Preferably, after S30, the method further comprises the following steps: and (5) adopting a fifth culture solution or pure water to culture until the diameter of fleshy roots of the seedlings exceeds a preset standard, and picking.
Generally, the stage of culturing with the fifth culture solution or pure water until the fleshy root diameter of the seedling exceeds a predetermined standard may be referred to as a harvest stage.
Taking cherry radish as an example, the preset standard can be 3 cm-5 cm. Taking the preset standard of 3cm as an example, when the diameter of the fleshy root of the radish exceeds 3cm, the radish can be picked.
For other varieties of leaf vegetables, the picking standards can be set according to actual conditions. For example, after S30, the following operations are performed: and (5) culturing by adopting a fifth culture solution or pure water until the weight of the seedling exceeds a preset standard, and picking.
Preferably, the EC of the fifth culture solution is 1.4-1.6.
The concentration of the fifth culture solution is reduced or pure water is selected, so that the taste of the finally picked vegetables is improved.
Taking cherry radish as an example, picking after culturing radish with the fifth culture solution or pure water for about 3 days.
The cherry radish belongs to the genus Raphanus of the family Brassicaceae, has the characteristics of delicate quality, rapid growth, beautiful appearance and color and the like, and is suitable for being eaten raw. Radish is sweet and cool in nature and pungent in taste, and has the effects of promoting gastrointestinal motility, relieving cough and reducing sputum, stopping diarrhea, promoting urination, and the like. Lignin and a thio compound containing sulfur in radix Raphani have anticancer effect. The content of vitamin C in the cherry radish leaves is nearly two times higher than that of the roots, and the content of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like in mineral elements is 3-10 times higher than that of the roots. Is fresh, tender and tasty, can be used as a cold sauce, a soup and a pickled sauce, and has faint scent and tasty and unique flavor. The radish root can also be eaten raw or dipped in sweet fermented flour paste, or can be used for cooking, frying or pickling sour (pickled) vegetables, and can be used as a side dish for Chinese and western food and also has special flavor.
According to the soilless culture method, the seedlings are subjected to soilless culture through the first culture solution and the second culture solution, and the culture solutions with different concentrations are adopted to culture the seedlings at different growth periods of the seedlings, so that the requirements of the seedlings on nutrition at different growth periods are met.
When the soilless culture method is used for leaf vegetable culture, complete indoor culture can be realized, so that the soilless culture method is not influenced by severe environment and extreme climate, and the production season is not limited.
The soilless culture method can be suitable for various different kinds of leaf vegetables including radish.
Taking cherry radish as an example, the specific growth environment requirements of each period in the cultivation process are briefly introduced.
In the germination period, day and night are not distinguished without illumination, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the humidity is 80%.
In the seedling stage, the growth stage and the picking stage:
temperature: day 18-22 deg.C, night 8-12 deg.C, and liquid temperature 18-23 deg.C;
humidity: day 70%, night 75%;
the illumination intensity is as follows: 15-20 klx;
the photoperiod: 14h-16h/8h-10 h.
CO 2 Concentration: 700 x 10 -6 ppm。
For other kinds of vegetables, the growth environment requirements can be set according to actual requirements.
In summary, the soilless culture method has the following advantages:
1. the annual continuous production of vegetables can be realized through high-precision environmental control, and the vegetables are not or rarely restricted by natural conditions;
2. the method can be used for producing high-grade gardening products, is green, organic and healthy, fully exerts the production potential of crops, and obtains the maximum economic benefit or ornamental value;
3. the method is applied to areas unsuitable for soil cultivation and protected areas with serious soil continuous cropping obstacles, and meets the requirements of people on fresh fruits and vegetables;
4. short growth period, high yield and high quality. The radish has rich nutritive value and the natural faint scent of the original ecological and purely natural radish;
5. the three-dimensional multi-layer frame cultivation mode saves space and reduces the use of cultivated land;
6. the operation is simple, the labor and the time are saved, and the cost is saved;
7. is suitable for any radish variety, enriches the variety and increases the taste.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A soilless culture method is used for leaf vegetables and root vegetables, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
accelerating germination of seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves;
flattening cotyledons and dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves; and
and (3) fixedly planting the seedlings growing to 4-5 true leaves, and culturing the seedlings by adopting a second culture solution for 20-32 days, wherein the EC of the second culture solution is greater than that of the first culture solution.
2. The soilless culture method according to claim 1, wherein the second culture solution includes a third culture solution and a fourth culture solution, the EC of the first culture solution is less than that of the third culture solution, and the EC of the third culture solution is less than that of the fourth culture solution;
the operation of culturing the seedlings by using the second culture solution for 20 to 32 days comprises the following steps: and culturing the seedlings by using a third culture solution for 6 to 8 days, and culturing the seedlings by using a fourth culture solution for 13 to 23 days.
3. The soilless culture method according to claim 2, wherein the EC of the third culture solution is 1.2-1.8, and the EC of the fourth culture solution is 1.6-2.2.
4. The soilless culture method according to claim 3, wherein the EC of the third culture solution is 1.5-1.6, and the EC of the fourth culture solution is 1.8-2.
5. The soilless culture method according to claim 2, further comprising, after the operation of culturing the young seedling with the fourth culture solution for 13 to 23 days, performing the following operations: culturing with fifth culture solution or pure water until the weight of the seedling exceeds a preset standard, and picking;
or, adopting a fifth culture solution or pure water to culture until the diameter of the fleshy root of the seedling exceeds a preset standard, and then picking the seedling;
wherein the EC of the fifth broth is less than the EC of the fourth broth.
6. The soilless culture method according to claim 5, wherein the components of the first, third, fourth and fifth culture solutions are the same in composition and ratio and different in concentration.
7. The soilless culture method according to claim 6, wherein the EC of the first culture solution is 1.2-1.4, and the EC of the fifth culture solution is 1.4-1.6.
8. A soilless culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the operation of pregerminating the seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and open core of true leaves is as follows: putting the seeds into planting cotton, pressing the planting cotton to enable the planting cotton to absorb pure water to be in a saturated state, and then accelerating germination of the seeds until the seeds germinate into seedlings with flattened cotyledons and exposed true leaves.
9. A soilless culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the operation of flattening cotyledons and dividing seedlings with true leaves exposed to the heart and culturing the seedlings with the first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves is as follows: and (3) seedling division is carried out on the seedlings with the cotyledon flattened and the true leaves exposed, the seedlings are cultured by adopting a first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings are divided again, and the seedlings are cultured by adopting the first culture solution until the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves.
10. The soilless culture method of claim 1, wherein the seeds are cherry radish seeds.
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