CN113057078A - Method for improving yield of flowering cabbage by using soil conditioner - Google Patents
Method for improving yield of flowering cabbage by using soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN113057078A CN113057078A CN202110302268.0A CN202110302268A CN113057078A CN 113057078 A CN113057078 A CN 113057078A CN 202110302268 A CN202110302268 A CN 202110302268A CN 113057078 A CN113057078 A CN 113057078A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of modern agricultural efficient sustainable production, and discloses a method for improving yield of flowering cabbage by using a soil conditioner, wherein a 72-hole tray is adopted for cultivating flowering cabbage seedlings, and the flowering cabbage seedlings are transplanted and fixedly planted into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 true leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 plants are planted in each bag; then applying ternary compound fertilizer N-P to every cultivation bag2O5‑K215-15-15% of O, wherein the top dressing is applied for three times respectively in the growth period of the heart seedlings, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering Chinese cabbage, and the dosage of each time accounts for 25-35%, 30-40% and 30-40% of the total top dressing amount respectively; after transplanting, the soil conditioner is respectively diluted by 500-1500 times by using clear water, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is improved. The invention is spraying the diluted soilUnder the cultivation condition that the soil conditioner is matched with the fertilizer, the yield and the quality of the flowering cabbage are improved, the comprehensive characters of the soil are obviously improved, and the continuous cropping obstacle is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of efficient sustainable production of modern agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage by using a soil conditioner.
Background
In recent years, facility horticulture is rapidly developed in China, and the cultivation area of facility vegetables is increased year by year, so that the facility horticulture becomes an important support industry for increasing the income of farmers and driving the development of urban and rural areas. However, the production of the facility vegetables has the characteristics of high intensification, high multiple cropping index, single cultivation type, relative closure and the like, and serious continuous cropping obstacles are caused by long-term planting, so that the phenomena of yield reduction, quality deterioration and growth condition deterioration are generated.
The cabbage heart (Brassica campestris L.ssp. Chinese var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is a special vegetable in south China, has unique flavor, excellent taste and wide adaptability, and can be planted, produced and supplied all the year round. Annual supply and continuous planting of the flowering cabbage cause serious continuous cropping obstacles in most flowering cabbage production. Continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control is a worldwide problem, researchers all over the world conduct various researches, continuous cropping obstacles are relieved to a certain extent through appropriate methods and technical means, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles is solved mainly from the perspective of rhizosphere microecology, and a healthy soil environment is created by changing the structure and functional diversity of soil microbial communities.
The soil conditioner is prepared by extracting pure plants as raw materials, wherein the main raw materials comprise organic seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum), aloe, soybean lecithin, alfalfa meal and the like, and extracting at normal temperature through a non-fermentation process. Can rapidly awaken dormant indigenous microorganisms in the soil, recover the diversity of soil microbial communities and reconstruct a healthy soil micro-ecosystem. By promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, the Tianmeile can quickly relieve the problems of soil hardening, acid-base imbalance and the like, effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention of the soil and further realize the healthy growth of crops. The soil conditioner applied to vegetable production can improve the soil condition and improve the soil fertility, thereby creating a good growth environment for crops and improving the yield. At present, few research reports on the application effect and the optimal concentration of the soil conditioner in the production of the cabbages are reported, the soil conditioner with a fixed proportion dilution factor is matched with the application of a chemical fertilizer to cultivate the cabbages, the method is a novel technology which is efficient, simple and easy to implement and has outstanding advantages in the aspects of improving the soil quality and increasing the yield of the cabbages.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the yield of Chinese flowering cabbage by using a soil conditioner. The method is characterized in that under the cultivation condition that a soil conditioner is matched with a chemical fertilizer, a mode of spraying on the surface of the flowering cabbage soil is utilized, the soil conditioner with different dilution concentrations is sprayed during the growth period of the flowering cabbage plants, and a test of matching the chemical fertilizer is carried out, so that the optimal soil conditioner concentration which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of the flowering cabbage and improving the soil is screened out. Thereby improving the yield and quality of the Chinese flowering cabbage and improving the soil quality, and providing a production technology for solving the problems of deterioration of physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduction of the yield and reduction of the comprehensive quality caused by continuous cropping obstacles of the Chinese flowering cabbage.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage using a soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
s1, cultivating flowering cabbage seedlings by adopting a 72-hole tray, transplanting and planting the flowering cabbage seedlings into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 main leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 seedlings are planted in each bag;
s2, then applying a ternary compound fertilizer N-P to each cultivation bag2O5-K215-15-15 percent of O, wherein 55-65 percent of the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 35-45 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a top dressing mode, the top dressing is applied for three times respectively in the growth period of the seedlings of the cabbage heart, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time respectively accounts for 25-35 percent, 30-40 percent and 30-40 percent of the total top dressing amount;
and S3, after transplanting, respectively diluting the soil conditioner by 500-1500 times with clear water, and uniformly spraying 100-300 mL of soil conditioner diluent on the soil surface 20-34 days after sowing the flowering cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is increased.
Preferably, the soil conditioner in step S2 includes organic seaweed, aloe, soybean lecithin, and alfalfa meal.
Preferably, the concentration of the soil conditioner in step S2 is diluted 1000 times.
Preferably, the top dressing fertilizer is applied in step S3 for three times in the growing period of the cabbage seedlings, the growing period of the leaves and the forming period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time accounts for 30%, 35% and 35% of the total top dressing fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for improving the yield of the flowering cabbage by using the soil conditioner, the soil conditioner is sprayed and treated with the soil conditioner diluted by 500-1500 times in concentration during the growth period of the flowering cabbage plants by using a mode of spraying on the surface of the flowering cabbage soil under the cultivation condition that the soil conditioner is matched with the fertilizer, the fertilizer with a fixed proportion is matched, the nutrient absorption of the flowering cabbage plants can be promoted, the flowering cabbage with high yield and good quality is produced, and the physical and chemical properties of the flowering cabbage soil are effectively improved.
2. The method for planting the flowering cabbage by using the diluted soil conditioner with the concentration of 500-1500 times and applying the chemical fertilizer is a novel technology which is efficient, simple, convenient and feasible in the aspects of improving the soil quality and increasing the yield of the flowering cabbage, and has outstanding advantages.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on soil pH and EC.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
The test of the invention is carried out in a greenhouse of gardening academy of agriculture university in south China, and the adopted cabbage heart variety 'Youqing No. 33' is purchased from vegetable seed market in Guangzhou city. For supplying toThe test soil is collected from a plastic greenhouse of all-agriculture vegetable and fruit planting Limited company of Dongguan city, Guangdong province, is soil for continuously planting 8-year leaf vegetables, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil are measured before the test; a soil conditioner (Tianmeile) provided by Shenzhen Baishitai environmental science and technology Limited; the total nutrient content of the ternary compound fertilizer is 45 percent (N-P)2O5-K2O:15-15-15)。
Example 1
A method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage using a soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
s1, cultivating cabbage heart seedlings by adopting a 72-hole plug (the substrate is perlite), transplanting and fixedly planting the cabbage heart seedlings into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 true leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 plants are planted in each bag;
s2, then applying a ternary compound fertilizer N-P to each cultivation bag2O5-K215-15-15 percent of O, wherein 60 percent of the fertilizer is a base fertilizer, 40 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a mode of top dressing, the top dressing is respectively applied for three times in the growth period of the seedlings of the flowering cabbage, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time respectively accounts for 30 percent, 35 percent and 35 percent of the total top dressing amount;
and S3, after transplanting, respectively diluting the soil conditioner by 500 times with clear water, and uniformly spraying 100-300 mL of soil conditioner diluent on the soil surface 20-34 days after sowing the flowering cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is improved.
Example 2
A method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage using a soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
s1, cultivating cabbage heart seedlings by adopting a 72-hole plug (the substrate is perlite), transplanting and fixedly planting the cabbage heart seedlings into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 true leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 plants are planted in each bag;
s2, then applying a ternary compound fertilizer N-P to each cultivation bag2O5-K215-15-15 percent of O, wherein 60 percent of the fertilizer is a base fertilizer, 40 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a mode of top dressing, the top dressing is respectively applied for three times in the growth period of the seedlings of the flowering cabbage, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time respectively accounts for 30 percent, 35 percent and 35 percent of the total top dressing amount;
and S3, after transplanting, respectively diluting the soil conditioner by 1000 times with clear water, and uniformly spraying 100-300 mL of soil conditioner diluent on the soil surface 20-34 days after sowing the flowering cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is improved.
Example 3
A method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage using a soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
s1, cultivating cabbage heart seedlings by adopting a 72-hole plug (the substrate is perlite), transplanting and fixedly planting the cabbage heart seedlings into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 true leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 plants are planted in each bag;
s2, then applying a ternary compound fertilizer N-P to each cultivation bag2O5-K215-15-15 percent of O, wherein 60 percent of the fertilizer is a base fertilizer, 40 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a mode of top dressing, the top dressing is respectively applied for three times in the growth period of the seedlings of the flowering cabbage, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time respectively accounts for 30 percent, 35 percent and 35 percent of the total top dressing amount;
s3, after transplanting, respectively diluting the soil conditioner by 1500 times with clear water, and uniformly spraying 100-300 mL of soil conditioner diluent on the soil surface 20-34 days after sowing the flowering cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is improved.
Planting flowering cabbage by using substrate cultivation bags, and processing 12 bags of flowering cabbage, wherein 9 flowering cabbage are planted in each bag. A random block test is adopted, 3 treatments are set by taking sprayed clear water as a control, and soil conditioners (organic seaweed, aloe, soybean lecithin, alfalfa meal and the like) are respectively sprayed on the flowering cabbage soil according to the concentration of 500 times, 1000 times and 1500 times of dilution with clear water in equal amount and are respectively marked as T1, T2 and T3. And uniformly spraying 100mL and 300mL of soil conditioner or clear water to the cabbage soil of each pot according to the treatment concentration on the 20 th day and the 34 th day after the sowing of the cabbage. 8g of compound fertilizer is applied to each substrate bag, in the application process of the fertilizer, 60 percent of the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 40 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a mode of additional fertilizer. The top dressing fertilizer is applied for three times respectively in the growth period of the flowering cabbage seedlings (17 th day after sowing), the growth period of the leaves (31 th day after sowing) and the formation period of the flowering cabbage (42 th day after sowing), and the dosage of each time accounts for 30%, 35% and 35% of the total top dressing fertilizer.
Samples are respectively taken at the growth period of the cabbage heart seedlings, the growth period of the leaves, the forming period of the flowering cabbage and the commodity harvesting period (50 days after sowing), and indexes such as growth and development of the cabbage heart, the nutritional quality, the nutrient absorption and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil are measured.
Table 1 shows the effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on the growth and yield of flowering cabbage. Wherein CK is a soil conditioner which is not applied, T1 is a soil conditioner which is applied and diluted by 500 times, T2 is a soil conditioner which is applied and diluted by 1000 times, and T3 is a soil conditioner which is applied and diluted by 1500 times. As can be seen from table 1, compared with the Control (CK) without the soil conditioner, the treatment of T1 and T2 significantly increased the plant height and stem thickness of the flowering cabbage during the commodity harvest period, the plant height was increased by 55.7% and 63.7%, and the stem thickness was increased by 23.5% and 33.5%, respectively; there was no significant difference between T3 treatment and CK. Compared with CK, the treatment by T1 and T2 obviously improves the fresh weight and dry weight of the overground part and the fresh weight and dry weight of the root system of the flowering cabbage, and the treatment by T3 has no obvious difference with CK. This indicates that the soil conditioner treatments diluted 500 and 1000 times promoted the growth of the flowering cabbage, with the T2 treatment diluted 1000 times being the best and the over dilution (1500 times) not promoting.
TABLE 1 Effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on growth and yield of flowering cabbage
Note: the same column of different lower case letters indicates that the difference between the different treatments reaches a significance level of 5%
Table 2 shows the effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on the quality of the heart. As can be seen from Table 2, the application of soil conditioning agents of different concentrations improves the nutritional quality of the organs of the flowering cabbage product compared to CK. The Vc content of the T2, T3 treatments was significantly higher than CK, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. The change rule of the content of soluble sugar in the cabbage heart in different treatment rooms is the same as that of the vitamin C. The soluble protein content of the flowering cabbage is obviously improved by 3 treatments, and no obvious difference exists among the treatments. In conclusion, the nutrient quality of the flowering cabbage is improved by spraying 1000 times and 1500 times of the soil conditioner.
Table 3 shows the effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on soil bulk weight and porosity. As can be seen from Table 3, spraying the soil conditioner at different concentrations reduced the volume weight of the soil compared to CK, wherein the volume weight of the soil treated by T2 and T3 was significantly reduced, and T1 was not significantly different from CK. Compared with CK, the soil porosity is improved by spraying the soil conditioner with different concentrations, wherein the soil porosity treated by T2 and T3 is obviously improved, and T1 has no obvious difference from CK. This shows that the spraying of 1000 times and 1500 times soil conditioner treatment reduces the volume weight of soil, increases the porosity and improves the physical properties of soil.
TABLE 2 Effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on the quality of the cabbage Heart
Note: the difference between treatments in the table by lower case letters is up to a level of 5% significance
TABLE 3 influence of different concentrations of soil conditioner on soil bulk weight and porosity
Note: the difference between treatments in the table by lower case letters is up to a level of 5% significance
Table 4 shows the effect of appropriate concentrations of soil conditioner on the mineral content of cabbage heart. From table 4, it can be seen that the T2 treatment of spraying 1000 times of soil conditioner is most suitable for the growth of flowering cabbage, combining plant growth, nutritional quality and physical and chemical properties of soil. The results show that the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total magnesium contents of the T2 processed flowering cabbage plants are obviously higher than those of CK, and are respectively increased by 6.24%, 15.45% and 19.88%; the contents of total potassium and total calcium are slightly increased, but the difference is not obvious. In general, spraying a soil conditioner with an appropriate concentration promotes the absorption of mineral elements by the cabbage heart.
TABLE 4 Effect of appropriate concentrations of soil conditioner on the content of mineral elements in cabbage hearts
Note: the difference between treatments in the table by lower case letters is up to a level of 5% significance
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of soil conditioner on soil pH (a) and EC (b). As can be seen from fig. 1, compared with CK, spraying the soil conditioner significantly increases the pH value of the soil during the leaf growth period, the bolting formation period, and the commodity harvesting period after the flowering planting (background), and the CK is in an upward trend and a steady downward trend. In the last 3 periods of the growth of the flowering cabbage, the pH value of the soil treated by the T2 is higher than that of the soil treated by the T1 and the T3. The spraying of the soil conditioner is shown to have the effects of improving the pH value of the soil and preventing the soil from being acidified. During the growth of the flowering cabbage, the EC value of the soil is gradually reduced, and the sprayed soil conditioner treatment is obviously lower than CK, and no significant difference exists among 3 treatments. The spraying of the soil conditioner is shown to improve the absorption of the plants to soil nutrients. Spraying soil conditioner (Tianmeile, core component is extracted from various plants by non-fermentation process, and main raw materials include organic seaweed, aloe, soybean lecithin and alfalfa meal) with proper concentration promotes the growth of flowering cabbage, improves the nutritional quality, and improves the physical and chemical properties of soil. In conclusion, the spraying of 1000 times of soil conditioner is most suitable for the flowering cabbage, and the treatment improves the mineral nutrient content of plants.
In the production of the facility vegetable heart, the invention adopts the following steps: the soil conditioner with the dilution multiple of 1000 is sprayed on the surface of the soil and is matched with and applied with inorganic fertilizer (60 percent of base fertilizer and 40 percent of additional fertilizer (3:3.5:3.5)), so that the optimal scheme of fertilizing, activating and improving the biological quality of the soil is achieved, the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetables is reduced, the yield and the quality of the flowering cabbage are increased, and the sustainable development of intensive vegetable planting is realized. When the soil conditioner is adopted and the 500-1500 times diluted solution is sprayed, the economic yield, the biomass and the comprehensive nutritional quality of the flowering cabbage as well as the enzymatic activity and the physicochemical properties of the soil are obviously superior to those of other treatments. Therefore, under the cultivation condition that the soil conditioner diluted by 500-1500 times is matched with the applied fertilizer, the yield and the quality of the flowering cabbage are improved, the comprehensive properties of the soil are obviously improved, and the continuous cropping obstacle is relieved.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage by using a soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cultivating flowering cabbage seedlings by adopting a 72-hole tray, transplanting and planting the flowering cabbage seedlings into non-woven fabric bags when 3-4 main leaves emerge, wherein 8-10 seedlings are planted in each bag;
s2, then applying a ternary compound fertilizer N-P to each cultivation bag2O5-K215-15-15 percent of O, wherein 55-65 percent of the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 35-45 percent of the fertilizer is applied in a top dressing mode, the top dressing is applied for three times respectively in the growth period of the seedlings of the cabbage heart, the growth period of the leaves and the formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the dosage of each time respectively accounts for 25-35 percent, 30-40 percent and 30-40 percent of the total top dressing amount;
and S3, after transplanting, respectively diluting the soil conditioner by 500-1500 times with clear water, and uniformly spraying 100-300 mL of soil conditioner diluent on the soil surface 20-34 days after sowing the flowering cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering cabbage is increased.
2. The method for improving flowering cabbage with a soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner in step S2 comprises organic seaweed, aloe, soybean lecithin, and alfalfa meal.
3. The method for improving flowering cabbage yield using a soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is diluted 1000 times in step S2.
4. The method for improving the yield of flowering cabbage with a soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top dressing is applied in step S3 in three times in the seedling growth period, leaf growth period and bolting formation period of the flowering cabbage, and the amount of each top dressing is 30%, 35% and 35% of the total amount of the top dressing.
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