CN111742807A - High-efficiency cotton sowing method for high-standard cotton field - Google Patents
High-efficiency cotton sowing method for high-standard cotton field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency cotton sowing method for a high-standard cotton field. The method is constructed by a mulching film for covering, duckbill of a seeder, row spacing, sowing depth, planting row earthing, membrane earthing and pressing, irrigation before sowing of a cotton field, and key cotton field sowing methods such as reasonable transportation and planning of water, fertilizer and medicine matched with a light, simple and efficient cotton field sowing technology, and the like, so that the defects of insufficient effects such as conventional mulching film temperature increase, soil moisture conservation, salt inhibition and the like can be overcome, and a wide film of 420-440 cm can smoothly play the light, simple and efficient and yield and income increasing functions. The method of the invention fully excavates the land resources of the high-standard cotton field after land preparation, improves the seeding operation speed, saves the labor cost for seeding and reduces the labor intensity of machine following inspectors, thereby being beneficial to the whole-process mechanization and residual film recovery of the cotton field, successfully realizing the purposes of uniform seedling, uniform seedling and early strong seedling of the cotton field, achieving the purposes of increasing both production and income and meeting the production requirements of Xinjiang cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency cotton sowing method for a high-standard cotton field.
Background
Due to the unique natural ecological conditions of Xinjiang, the cotton area is dry in air, large in evaporation capacity, less in heat resource, more in irrigation quota, more in soil surface alkali return and different in soil salinization, and the characteristics of single planting structure, overlarge cotton planting area and more in water consumption of the cotton in the Xinjiang cotton area are achieved, so that 1/3 cotton fields are affected by drought in different degrees all the year round in the Xinjiang cotton area. For a long time, the improvement of soil temperature, the reduction of ineffective evaporation of soil moisture, the inhibition of surface alkali return and the strong adaptability of weeds are always the key points of research and development in local agricultural science and technology work in Xinjiang, and the mulching film covering is an effective solution.
The existing cotton planting area of Xinjiang is 3810.75 ten thousand mu, a planting mode of mulching film covering is used in a large area, but because the width of the mulching film used in planting is more, the maximum width is 205cm, the minimum width is only 125cm, and various mulching films with different widths such as 145cm, 180cm and the like are also used. The existing planting mode adopting various width plastic film mulching is unreasonable in the aspect of cotton sowing modes, including plastic film variety selection and matching technology application, and the existing cotton sowing method in Xinjiang can not play the plastic film mulching function to the maximum extent, and is specifically embodied as follows: under the existing conventional sowing conditions, the width of a visible film on the outer side of each film row is relatively narrow and is 4-6 cm, and the seedling preservation rate of the film rows is low, the seedlings are weak and the development is retarded because the temperature and moisture of the position of the visible film row are obviously inferior to that of other planting rows on the film; in addition, the currently used mulching film has a narrow width, so that the number of required mulching films in the same cotton field is large, the number of the edge lines and the number of the edge lines of the mulching film are increased inevitably, the number of the edge lines of most cotton fields accounts for 33.3 percent of the total number of planted lines, and the number of the edge lines of some cotton fields is even as high as 50 percent; the cotton seedlings in the side rows seriously affect the uniformity of the cotton seedlings in the cotton field due to the poor seedling condition of the cotton seedlings, and further cause negative influence on the management of the cotton field. It is worth noting that: because the cotton is covered by the mulching film in the planting process, the film edge must be buried and pressed by soil, namely, the soil is covered and the film is pressed. The quality of the covering soil, film pressing and seeding in production is closely related to the factors such as soil texture, soil moisture content, soil preparation quality, seeder performance and the like which are difficult to be completely controlled by manpower, and the conditions of unqualified seeding precision, film spreading and covering soil quality are easy to occur. If the width of each mulching film is 6.0-7.5 cm in width in the original planting mode design, the width of the mulching film actually buried in the ground is 1-2 cm less than that of the mulching film actually buried in the ground, the cotton field is slightly prone to the situation that the mulching film is not straight and uneven and cotton seedlings are staggered, the mulching film is blown up by strong wind after seeding, soil moisture is quickly lost, and cotton cannot emerge and is out of production. Because the conventional soil covering and film pressing method has the characteristic of poor fault tolerance due to more influencing factors, a plurality of persons are often required to participate in the following of the seeder to check the seeding quality in real time, the soil covering and film pressing quality is included, and the large number of the cotton field mulching films means large workload of mechanical seeding soil covering and film pressing, and after the seeding quality problem is found by the real-time check of machine following personnel during seeding, the machine has to be stopped frequently for maintenance, so that the labor intensity of the seeding operation and machine following personnel is high, more labor is used, the operation efficiency is low, and the labor cost during cotton seeding is increased. In addition, the width of the used mulching film is narrow under the conventional mulching film covering condition, the number of the used mulching films in the cotton field is large, and during the cotton earthing and film pressing operation, the edges of the mulching films buried in the soil are more, so that the mulching films buried in the soil are easy to break or even fragment, the residual film recycling is seriously influenced, and the residual film pollution of the cotton field is aggravated.
In conclusion, although Xinjiang has used mulching film for planting for many years and has accumulated a lot of experience and training, the positive effects of the mulching film mulching planting mode on solving the problems in Xinjiang cotton production are still not fully exerted, and other cotton areas at home and abroad have no successful cases for solving the problems. In recent years, the country has vigorously implemented land arrangement policies, the arrangement of the cotton fields after arrangement is reasonable, the supporting facilities are complete, the land utilization rate is high, and a single cotton field is large and flat in area, so that how to fully excavate the high-standard cotton field resources after the land arrangement and play the roles of reducing the labor intensity, lightening the weight and improving the efficiency is imperative. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more reasonable and efficient sowing technique for mulching cotton fields to meet the high-standard cotton field planting requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional mulching film coverage in the existing cotton field planting has insufficient effects on warming, soil moisture conservation, salt inhibition and the like, has high labor cost and is easy to aggravate the residual film pollution of the cotton field, and provides a high-standard cotton field cotton efficient sowing method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency cotton sowing method for a high-standard cotton field, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mulching film covering, comprising: selecting a mulching film for covering the cotton field, wherein the width of the mulching film is 420-440 cm, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01-0.014 mm, and the mulching film covers the cotton field;
As a preferred option of the step 2, when 12 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film, the row spacing is configured in a wide-narrow row alternating mode, and the row spacing combinations of the wide rows and the corresponding narrow rows are respectively as follows: 63cm/13cm, 64cm/12cm, 65cm/11cm or 66cm/10 cm; the mulching film is provided with 5 rows of wide rows and 6 rows of narrow rows, the cotton plant spacing is 9.5-12.5 cm, and the two outer sides of the mulching film are both provided with the narrow rows.
Preferably, in the step 2, when 6 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film, the row spacing is configured to be in an equal row spacing mode, the row spacing is 76cm, and the cotton plant spacing is 6.5-9.0 cm.
As the preferable method of the step 2, mechanical seeding is adopted; when the planting rows are covered with soil, the duckbilled part of the dibbler of the seeder is in a large square mouth shape or a small sharp mouth shape, the punching and seeding operations are carried out before the planting rows are covered with soil, and the seeding depth comprises the thickness of the covering layer of the planting rows of 3.9-5.4 cm; when the planting rows are not covered with soil, the duckbilled part of the dibbler of the seeder is in a small-tip-mouth shape, the seeding depth is 2.7-3.3 cm, and the operations of punching and seeding are carried out after the soil covering and film pressing.
Further preferably, the planting rows are covered with soil, and the cotton field is fully irrigated before sowing; when the seeding machine dibbler duckbill is big square mouth type, duckbill length is 2.7 ~ 3.0cm, and when the duckbill is little sharp mouth type, duckbill length is 2.0 ~ 2.3 cm. As the optimization of the cotton field with sufficient irrigation before sowing, the salt content of the plough layer before sowing is 0.3-6.0 g/kg.
Another further preferred, the planting rows are covered with soil, and the cotton field is of a 'dry seeding and wet outing' type; when seeder dibbler duckbill is big square mouth type, duckbilled length is 2.5 ~ 2.7cm, and when the duckbilled is little sharp mouth type, duckbilled length is 2.0 ~ 2.3 cm.
Another further preferred, the planting rows are not covered with soil, the cotton field is of a 'dry seeding wet seeding' type, and the duckbill length of the dibbler of the seeder is 2.9-3.3 cm.
As the optimization of the dry sowing and wet sowing type cotton field, the salt content of the cultivated layer before sowing is 0.3-2.9 g/kg, and the soil quality of the cotton field is loam or sandy loam; the water is not irrigated before sowing, and is drip-irrigated 1 to 3 days after sowing, wherein the drip-irrigation quantity is 15 to 30m3Per mu; 2.5-3.0 kg of ammonium sulfate with the N content of more than or equal to 21% and 3.5-6.5 kg of P per mu are applied along with water drops in the process of drip irrigation2O5Monoammonium phosphate with the content of more than or equal to 61 percent.
Preferably, the conditioning time of the conditioning agent is 1-2 times by using the condensing amination on vigorous cotton, and the dosage of each time is 1.0-2.0 g/mu.
Other steps than those described above in cotton plant management can be performed according to local conventional methods.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the width of a single mulching film is greatly increased in cotton planting, the redesign of the width, the sowing depth, the plant row spacing configuration and other agricultural machinery operation of the mulching film embedded in soil is combined, and the reasonable operation and application of water, fertilizer and pesticide are carried out in a matching manner, so that the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cotton planting method based on the wide-width plastic film mulching is reconstructed, the plastic film selection and the matching technology are more reasonable in application, the defects of insufficient effects such as temperature increase, soil moisture conservation and salt inhibition of the conventional plastic film mulching are overcome, the aims of increasing the yield and income of cotton fields can be successfully achieved, and the aims of uniform seedlings, strong seedlings and early emergence of strong seedlings are fulfilled;
2. the cotton sowing speed is improved by more than 20 percent, the labor cost for sowing and the labor intensity of machine following inspection personnel are saved, and the whole process mechanization and residual film recovery of a cotton field are facilitated;
3. the method is suitable for cotton planting in high-standard cotton fields, fully excavates land resources of the high-standard cotton fields after land preparation, can effectively reduce labor intensity in cotton production, and realizes light, simple and efficient cotton field management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wide-row and narrow-row alternate planting mode of a high-standard cotton field efficient sowing method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a cotton field in a wide-narrow row alternate planting mode using the high-standard cotton field cotton high-efficiency sowing method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equal-row-spacing planting mode of the high-standard cotton field efficient cotton sowing method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
[ main component symbol description ]
1. 1' -mulching film; 2. 2' -cotton plant; w1, W1' -side width; w2, W2' -outer width; W3-Wide line spacing; w4-narrow row spacing; w5-equal line spacing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency cotton sowing method for a high-standard cotton field, which can overcome the problem that the conventional mulching film covering has insufficient effects on warming, soil moisture conservation, salt inhibition and the like, fully excavate the land resources of the high-standard cotton field, effectively reduce the labor intensity in cotton production and realize the lightness, simplicity and high efficiency of cotton field management.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency cotton sowing method for a high-standard cotton field, which comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) mulching film covering: and selecting a mulching film for covering the cotton field, wherein the width of the mulching film is 420-440 cm, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01-0.014 mm, and the mulching film covers the cotton field.
2. Cotton sowing:
as shown in fig. 1, 12 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film 1, the row spacing is configured in a wide-narrow row alternating mode, 5 rows of wide rows and 6 rows of narrow rows are arranged on each mulching film 1, the two outer sides of each mulching film are both narrow rows, and the combination of the wide row spacing W3 and the corresponding narrow row spacing W4 can be selected: 63cm/13cm, 64cm/12cm, 65cm/11cm or 66cm/10cm, and the cotton plant spacing is 9.5-12.5 cm; the parts with the side width W1 of 7.0-9.5 cm at the two sides of the mulching film 1 are respectively embedded into the soil, the visible mulching film with the outer width W2 of 8.0-14.0 cm is left at the outer side of each row, and the effect after 12 rows of cotton are planted in the cotton field in an alternating mode of wide rows and narrow rows is shown in figure 2.
As shown in fig. 3, 6 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film 1', the row spacing is configured in an equal row spacing mode, the equal row spacing W5 is 76cm, and the cotton row spacing is 6.5-9.0 cm; the parts with the lateral width W1' of 7.0-9.5 cm at the two sides of the mulching film 1' are respectively embedded into the soil, and visible mulching films with the outer width W2' of 8.0-14.0 cm are left at the outer sides of the edge rows.
The planting rows can be covered with soil or not, wherein:
if the planting rows are covered with soil, a seeding machine is used for seeding (mechanical seeding), the duckbilled shape of a seeding machine dibbler is a large square mouth shape or a small sharp mouth shape, the punching and seeding operations are carried out before the planting rows are covered with soil, and the seeding depth comprises the thickness of the planting row covering layer being 3.9-5.4 cm; the cotton field can be selected to be fully irrigated before sowing or a 'dry sowing wet emergence' type without irrigation before sowing, wherein: when the cotton field is fully irrigated before sowing, the salt content of a plough layer before sowing is 0.3-6.0 g/kg, when a large-opening duckbill is selected, the length of the duckbill is 2.7-3.0 cm, and when a small-pointed-opening duckbill is selected, the length of the duckbill is 2.0-2.3 cm; when the cotton field is in a dry sowing wet emergence type, the duckbill length is 2.5-2.7 cm when a large square mouth is selected as the duckbill, and the duckbill length is 2.0-2.3 cm when a small sharp mouth is selected as the duckbill;
if the planting rows are not covered with soil, the cotton field needs to be in a dry seeding and wet seeding type, a duckbill of a seeding machine dibbler needs to be in a small sharp mouth shape, and the length of the duckbill is 2.9-3.3 cm.
When the cotton field is a 'dry seeding and wet outing' type cotton field, the salt content of the cultivated layer before seeding is 0.3-2.9 g/kg, and the soil is loam or sandy loam; irrigating before sowing, and carrying out drip irrigation 1-3 days after sowing, wherein the drip irrigation amount is 15-30 m 3/mu; and (3) when in drip irrigation, 2.5-3.0 kg of ammonium sulfate with the N content of more than or equal to 21% and 3.5-6.5 kg of monoammonium phosphate with the P2O5 content of more than or equal to 61% are applied along with water drops.
The cotton growing vigorously is regulated by using shrinkage amination for 1-2 times, and the dosage of each time is 1.0-2.0 g/mu.
In 2019, an implementation point is selected from the main cotton production areas of southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang respectively as an experimental demonstration example, the implementation point is 1 in southern Xinjiang, and the implementation point is 2 in northern Xinjiang. Based on the experiment demonstration in the last year in 2020, a larger area experiment is carried out in the same place.
The specific implementation in 2019 is as follows:
accumulating the planting area of 2170 mu, wherein the implementation point 1 is located in the Waqiang county watt-level township of autonomy of Qiang city, Pai-Yin Ke Meng, the area of a single strip field is 150-210 mu, the total area is 785 mu, and the yellow Hongzong of a contractor; the implementation point 2 is located in 130 groups of 130 national family farms of the seventh soldier in Xinjiang production and construction, the area of a single block of strip field is 180-245 mu, the total area is 1385 mu, and the contractor is the country of the country.
The concrete conditions of the embodiment in 2020 are as follows:
accumulating the planting area of 7200 mu, wherein the area of a single strip field of 1 implementation point is 150-220 mu, the total area is 2500 mu, and the others are consistent with the previous year; and 2, implementing the point 2, wherein the area of a single strip field is 170-272 mu, the total area is 4700 mu, and the others are consistent with the previous year. See table 1 for details.
Table 1: second implementation point cotton planting area in 2019-2020
| Year of year | Implementation point 1 (mu) | Implementation point 2 (mu) | Cumulative area (mu) |
| 2019 | 785 | 1385 | 2170 |
| 2020 | 2500 | 4700 | 7200 |
| Accumulation | 3285 | 6085 | 9370 |
In 2019-2020, implementation points 1 and 2 are respectively a dry-seeding wet-out type cotton field which is fully irrigated before sowing and is not irrigated before sowing. The general responsible persons for two years of implementation are the first applicant's Tianliwent (cotton expert of Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences) in the invention, and are the organizer and important member of the cotton field planting management technology, so as to ensure the integration of agricultural and agricultural technologies, the exemplary cotton field agricultural machine manufacturing and debugging is responsible for the King of heaping (advanced Engineers of Xinjiang Tiancheng agricultural machinery manufacturing Co., Ltd.) as the main inventor, and the contractor is the technical and pragmatic party.
The specific operation is as follows:
selecting a single land area of more than 150 mu in each exemplary embodiment every year, and ensuring that the high-standard cotton field to be sowed is uniform, flat, loose, broken, clean and moist according to a local high-yield cotton field soil preparation method, wherein the specific technical steps are as follows:
1. the selected mulching films with the widths of 420 cm, 435cm and 440cm respectively account for about 20%, 30% and 50% of the actual sowing area, wherein the thicknesses of the mulching films with the widths of 420 cm and 440cm are respectively 0.012 mm and 0.010mm, and the thicknesses of the mulching films with the widths of 435cm, 0.010mm, 0.012 mm and 0.014mm respectively account for one third;
2. during sowing, every implementation point selects a film 6-row planting mode except for about 350 mu every time, all the other implementation points select a film 12-row planting mode, under the two planting modes, mulching films with 7.0-9.5 cm width on two sides of the films are buried in soil, visible films with 8.0-14.0 cm are reserved on the outer sides of the side rows, the film surfaces are clean, and light transmission is good;
when 12 rows of cotton are planted on a single mulching film, the row spacing is configured in a wide-narrow row alternating mode, narrow rows are arranged on two sides close to the film, the wide distances are selected to be 63, 64 and 66cm, the occupation ratios are respectively 20%, 10% and 70%, the corresponding narrow row spacing is respectively 13, 12 and 10cm, 5 rows of wide rows and 6 rows of narrow rows are arranged on the film, and the occupation ratios of the parts with plant spacing of 9.5cm, 10.5cm and 12.5cm are respectively 70%, 20% and 10%;
when 6 rows of cotton are planted on a single mulching film, the row spacing is configured in an equal row spacing mode, the row spacing is 76cm, and the plant spacing is about one third of that of 6.5 cm, 7.5cm and 9.0cm respectively;
in two-year experiments, the cotton fields at the implementation point 1 are fully irrigated before sowing, and the irrigation amount is 150-180 m3The salt content of the plough layer is 0.8g/kg and 4.5g/kg respectively in 2019 and 2020 after the cultivation of the spot 1 is fully irrigated. The cotton fields of the implementation point 1 all adopt a planting row earthing scheme during sowing, the thickness of the planting row earthing is 1.9-2.9 cm, and the sowing depth including the thickness of the planting row earthing layer is ensured to be 3.9-5.4 cm. In the two-year test, the test piece is,the cotton fields of the implementation point 2 are dry-seeding and wet-discharging cotton fields which are not irrigated before seeding, and except for the planting row earthing scheme adopted in the seeding process for 800 mu, other planting row earthing-free schemes adopted in the seeding process are adopted. According to the scheme of planting rows without earthing, all cotton fields adopt small-tip-mouth type duckbill hill planter seeders, wherein 90% of the seeders have duckbill lengths of 2.9-3.0 cm, the rest seeders have duckbill lengths of 3.2-3.3 cm, and the planting depth is 2.7-3.3 cm; the duckbill type and duckbill length selected for the planting row earthing scheme are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: 2019 and 2020 two-year planting row earth covering cotton field seeder duckbill type and duckbill length selection condition
In the two-year test, when a seeder with a large square mouth type duckbilled dibbler is selected for operation, the seeder performs punching and seeding operation before planting rows are covered with soil; when a seeder of the small-tip mouth type duckbilled dibbler is selected for operation, the seeder performs punching and seeding operation after soil covering of planting rows;
in two-year tests, the salt content of the cultivated layer of the implementation point 2 is 0.5 g/kg and 2.3g/kg respectively, the soil is loam or sandy loam, irrigation is not carried out before cotton field sowing, but drip irrigation is carried out 1 to 3 days after sowing, and the drip irrigation quantity is 15 to 30m3Per mu; when in drip irrigation, 2.5-3.0 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate (N content is more than or equal to 21%) and 3.5-6.5 kg/mu of monoammonium phosphate (P) are dripped along with water2O5The content is more than or equal to 61 percent), wherein monoammonium phosphate applied along with water drops is a high-purity full-water-soluble drip irrigation special fertilizer;
when the cotton is vigorous, the cotton is regulated for 1 to 2 times by condensing and aminating, and the dosage of each time is 1.0 to 2.0 g/mu;
the detection shows that when two implementation points in 2019 are in the boll opening period, the transverse tensile load of the mulching film on the surface layer of the soil is 0.5-1.1N, and the transverse breaking nominal strain is 25.1-33.8%;
other planting management methods of cotton are carried out according to local conventional methods.
The implementation results are as follows:
the cotton seedling protection rate of each implementation point of the method is respectively investigated in 5 months and 7-12 days in the current year, meanwhile, the cotton fields implementing the conventional seedling protection method around the implementation point in the current year are used as a control to respectively investigate the seedling emergence rate of the cotton fields, 2-3 cotton fields are randomly selected per implementation point every year, 3-4 cotton fields are investigated in each cotton field, the average seedling protection rate of each implementation point is finally calculated, the situation of the peripheral control seedling protection rate is obtained by the same method, and the implementation result in two years is shown in a table 3.
Table 3: test and comparison table of the test points and the control seedling protection rate (unit:%)
As shown in the above table 3, the seedling protection rate of the cotton field sowed by the method of the present invention is 86.8-92.1%, the average seedling protection rate is 89.7%, the seedling protection rate of the peripheral control cotton field is 79.9-84.9%, and the average seedling protection rate is 82.6%, which is obviously 7.0% higher than that of the peripheral control cotton field in the examples.
Through two-year cotton field investigation, the average daily sowing area of the method is 23.1% faster than that of a control cotton field, the labor cost for sowing and the labor intensity of machine-following inspectors can be saved, the temperature of 5cm underground of a cotton field planting row is 1.2-2.5 ℃ higher than that of the control at the periphery, salt return and alkali return on the surface of the cotton field and ground weeds are obviously less, the method has good seedling protection effect on the cotton field and better growth and development conditions than the control at the periphery, shows that the cotton field is uniform in seedlings, uniform in seedlings and strong in seedlings, and the cotton growth process is 2-3 days earlier, so that the method is favorable for whole-process mechanization and residual film recovery of the cotton field. The yield of the cotton field can be measured at multiple points in 2019, the yield of the cotton field can be increased by 5.2-6.1% by using the method for sowing, the yield and the cost can be increased by 34 yuan/mu, and the method has the remarkable characteristics of light weight, simplicity and high efficiency and can completely meet the production requirement of Xinjiang cotton.
Xinjiang is an agricultural province (region), cotton is the most important economic crop planted in the region, about 50% of farmers (more than 70% of the farmers are minority nationalities) in the whole Xinjiang are engaged in cotton production (the agricultural population of Xinjiang accounts for more than 65% of the population of the whole Xinjiang), the annual output value of the Xinjiang protocotton in 2018 is more than 950 billion yuan, the annual output value accounts for 43.1% of the agricultural output value of the whole region, about 23.2% of the pure income of farmers comes from the income of cotton planting (the main output region accounts for 50% -70%), wherein the cotton area in the Hotan and Kashi areas of Xinjiang is also the main battlefield and the breakthrough of Xinjiang for the stable work, the proportion of agricultural population, particularly cotton farmers, to local residents is large, so that the problem in Xinjiang cotton seeding is solved, the important effects are played in promoting the economic development of Xinjiang, the employment in urban and rural areas, the agricultural efficiency improvement and the income increase of farmers, and the method has positive and important significance for the social stability of Xinjiang.
For the embodiments of the present invention, the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described too much; the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, technical features related to the embodiments can be combined with each other on the premise of not conflicting with each other, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency cotton sowing method in a high-standard cotton field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, mulching film covering, comprising: selecting a mulching film for covering the cotton field, wherein the width of the mulching film is 420-440 cm, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01-0.014 mm, and the mulching film covers the cotton field;
step 2, cotton sowing, comprising: and planting 12 rows or 6 rows of cotton on each mulching film, respectively burying 7.0-9.5 cm wide parts at two sides of the mulching film into the soil, and reserving 8.0-14.0 cm wide visible mulching films at the outer sides of the planting rows at the edges of the mulching film.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, when 12 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film, the row spacing is configured in an alternating pattern of wide rows and narrow rows, and the combination of the wide rows and the corresponding narrow rows respectively is as follows: 63cm/13cm, 64cm/12cm, 65cm/11cm or 66cm/10 cm; the mulching film is provided with 5 rows of wide rows and 6 rows of narrow rows, the cotton plant spacing is 9.5-12.5 cm, and the two outer sides of the mulching film are both provided with the narrow rows.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when 6 rows of cotton are planted on each mulching film, the row spacing is configured in an equal row spacing mode, the row spacing is 76cm, and the cotton plant spacing is 6.5-9.0 cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, mechanical seeding is adopted; when the planting rows are covered with soil, the duckbilled part of the dibbler of the seeder is in a large square mouth shape or a small sharp mouth shape, the punching and seeding operations are carried out before the planting rows are covered with soil, and the seeding depth comprises the thickness of the covering layer of the planting rows of 3.9-5.4 cm; when the planting rows are not covered with soil, the duckbilled part of the dibbler of the seeder is in a small-tip-mouth shape, the seeding depth is 2.7-3.3 cm, and the operations of punching and seeding are carried out after the soil covering and film pressing.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rows are covered with soil and the cotton fields are of the pre-sowing, fully irrigated type; when the seeding machine dibbler duckbill is big square mouth type, duckbill length is 2.7 ~ 3.0cm, and when the duckbill is little sharp mouth type, duckbill length is 2.0 ~ 2.3 cm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cotton field is fully irrigated before sowing, and the salinity of the plough layer before sowing is 0.3-6.0 g/kg.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the rows are covered with soil and the cotton fields are of the "dry-seeding wet-outing" type; when seeder dibbler duckbill is big square mouth type, duckbilled length is 2.5 ~ 2.7cm, and when the duckbilled is little sharp mouth type, duckbilled length is 2.0 ~ 2.3 cm.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the rows are not covered with soil, the field is "dry-seeding wet-out" and the length of the duckbill of the planter dibbler is 2.9-3.3 cm.
9. Method according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that said method comprises a step of applying a voltage to said substrateThe salt content of a plough layer before sowing is 0.3-2.9 g/kg, the soil quality of the cotton field is loam or sandy loam, irrigation is not carried out before sowing, drip irrigation is carried out 1-3 days after sowing, and the drip irrigation quantity is 15-30 m3Per mu; 2.5-3.0 kg of ammonium sulfate with the N content of more than or equal to 21% and 3.5-6.5 kg of P per mu are applied along with water drops in the process of drip irrigation2O5Monoammonium phosphate with the content of more than or equal to 61 percent.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the cotton sowing step, the amount of the conditioning amination is 1.0-2.0 g/mu for vigorous growing cotton for 1-2 times.
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