CN102388758A - Method for chemically regulating and controlling cotton root configuration - Google Patents

Method for chemically regulating and controlling cotton root configuration Download PDF

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CN102388758A
CN102388758A CN2011102269292A CN201110226929A CN102388758A CN 102388758 A CN102388758 A CN 102388758A CN 2011102269292 A CN2011102269292 A CN 2011102269292A CN 201110226929 A CN201110226929 A CN 201110226929A CN 102388758 A CN102388758 A CN 102388758A
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mepiquat chloride
cotton
gram
regulation
spray
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CN102388758B (en
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王平
田长彦
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for chemically regulating and controlling cotton root configuration, comprising the following steps: firstly spraying mepiquat chloride after establishing seedling in the cotton seedling stage; secondly spraying the mepiquat chloride during the trefoil stage; spraying the mepiquat chloride in the five-leaf stage; spraying the mepiquat chloride for one time every 5-10 days during the period from the five-leaf stage to the top-cutting stage; and spraying the mepiquat chloride after cutting the top for twice. The invention adopts the action theory of the plant growth adjusting agent of the mepiquat chloride to implement the method for chemically regulating and controlling cotton root configuration by matching with the growth stage indexes of the cotton.

Description

A kind of method of chemical regulation cotton root system configuration
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of chemical regulation cotton root system configuration.
Background technology
Cotton root system is the major organs of cotton moisture content Nutrient Absorption, and the developmental state of root system and steric configuration have great influence to the output of cotton.Xinjiang cotton high yield growing technology is in advanced international standard in recent years, and the cotton per unit area yield is higher than the average per unit area yield in the world far away, is in the highest level in the world.Yet also there are problems such as cotton premature senescence, hollow in Xinjiang cotton.The root system sampling result shows that the root tissue water status Nutrient Absorption obstacle that Root Distribution is shallow, later stage early ageing causes is the major reason of a series of problems such as early ageing and hollow.The method of directed regulation and control cotton root system growth configuration has great theory and practice meaning for the yield level of further raising Xinjiang cotton.
In the process that cotton root system is grown, the developmental state of seedling stage to initial bloom stage root system has epochmaking influence to the output of cotton level.The assimilation substance of the photosynthetic generation of cotton is mainly used in and nourishes and grows before the initial bloom stage, growing of root system particularly, and overground part dry matter accumulation and Nutrient Absorption are in reduced levels, so seedling stage to initial bloom stage also is that cotton root system is grown the fastest period.Also be to carry out the best period that the root system configuration is optimized.The target of root system configuration is to impel the distribution of cotton root system in deep soil.It is dark more in soil, to distribute, and helps cotton more and resists various adverse environmental factors, and such as doing wet coercing, that table gathers is saline and alkaline, high temperature etc. under the film.1,1-dimethyl piperidyl chloride, Chinese is a mepiquat chloride, is plant growth regulator commonly used in a kind of the production; Can reduce the activity of plant body inner gibberellin, thereby suppress cell elongation, weaken the terminal bud growing way, the control plant grows in length and breadth; The plant internode is shortened, can prevent the cotton overgrowing aborning effectively, the control plant type is compact; Reduce the shedding of cotton bolls, promote maturation, make the cotton raising the output.
The present invention utilizes the action principle of the plant growth regulator of mepiquat chloride, cooperates the cotton growth development index, carries out the method for cotton root system steric configuration.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of method of chemical regulation cotton root system configuration is provided, this method is after the cotton in seedling stage final singling; For the first time spray mepiquat chloride, spray mepiquat chloride tri-leaf period for the second time, five leaf phases; Spray mepiquat chloride for the third time; From five leaf phases when pinching, whenever sprayed mepiquat chloride once at a distance from 5-10 days, spray mepiquat chloride after pinching and get final product for 2 times.The present invention utilizes the action principle of the plant growth regulator of mepiquat chloride, cooperates the cotton growth development index, carries out the method for cotton root system steric configuration regulation and control.Spray the decline that mepiquat chloride can significantly reduce the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls through method of the present invention, guarantee is provided for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs.
The method of a kind of chemical regulation cotton root system configuration of the present invention is carried out the mepiquat chloride foliage-spray according to plant growing way appearance in cotton the time of infertility, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
After a, the cotton in seedling stage final singling, spray mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu;
B, tri-leaf period, goal of regulation and control was plant height 5-8 centimetre, sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.3-0.5 gram/mu according to cotton seedling growing state;
C, five leaf period regulation targets are plant height 13-15 centimetre, and cane is sturdy, and the leaf look dark green, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.8-1.0 gram/mu according to the cotton growth situation;
D, when pinching at the beginning of five leaf phases to 7 month; Sprayed mepiquat chloride once in every separated 5-10 days; Goal of regulation and control is fruit branch 7-8 platform when getting into initial bloom stage by the end of June, and plant height is controlled at 45-50 centimetre, fruit branch 8-9 platform when early July pinches; Plant height 70-75 centimetre, spray mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5 gram/mu according to the cotton growth situation;
E, spray mepiquat chloride 2 times after pinching, goal of regulation and control is that cane is sturdy, and the control lateral bud growth of leaf look dark green is executed 4-8 gram mepiquat chloride for each every mu.
Carry out for 2-3 days of beginning before the nitrogen dressing of pouring water from pouring water for the first time at every turn the opportunity that sprays mepiquat chloride in the said method.
The method of a kind of chemical regulation cotton root system configuration of the present invention; This method promotes that cotton root system distributes in deep subsoil; (1) carried out spraying of mepiquat chloride in 2-3 days before imposing nitrogenous fertilizer pouring water; Through significantly suppressing the growth of overground part, promote the transfer of assimilation substance, thereby can significantly promote the expansion of cotton root system biomass and to the expansion in deep subsoil space to root; (2) carry out spraying of mepiquat chloride through a small amount of principle repeatedly, can effectively improve the effect of mepiquat chloride the cotton root system regulation and control; (3) spraying of the omnidistance mepiquat chloride through the time of infertility can significantly promote before the florescence cotton root system in the distribution of soil lower floor, postponed the early ageing of cotton root system behind the flowering and boll-setting period, and then significantly improved the output of cotton.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 1 seedling stage to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA00000553560500031
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA00000553560500032
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 2 is the influence figure of the embodiment of the invention 1 initial bloom stage different disposal to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA00000553560500033
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA00000553560500034
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 3 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 1 term of opening bolls to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA00000553560500035
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA00000553560500036
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 4 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 2 seedling stage to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA00000553560500037
is conventional treatment; is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 5 is the influence figures of the embodiment of the invention 2 initial bloom stage different disposal to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA00000553560500039
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA000005535605000310
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 6 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 2 term of opening bolls to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA000005535605000311
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA000005535605000312
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 7 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 3 seedling stage to root length, and wherein
Figure BSA000005535605000313
is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA000005535605000314
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 8 is the influence figures of the embodiment of the invention 3 initial bloom stage different disposal to root length, and wherein is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA000005535605000316
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Fig. 9 is the influence figure of embodiment of the invention different disposal in 3 term of opening bolls to root length, and wherein is conventional treatment;
Figure BSA000005535605000318
is for using the processing of mepiquat chloride.
Embodiment
The method of the invention concrete operations step is:
After a, the cotton in seedling stage final singling, spray mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu;
B, tri-leaf period, goal of regulation and control was plant height 5-8 centimetre, sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.3-0.5 gram/mu according to cotton seedling growing state;
C, five leaf period regulation targets are plant height 13-15 centimetre, and cane is sturdy, and the leaf look dark green, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.8-1.0 gram/mu according to the cotton growth situation;
D, when pinching at the beginning of five leaf phases to 7 month; Sprayed mepiquat chloride once in every separated 5-10 days; Goal of regulation and control is fruit branch 7-8 platform when getting into initial bloom stage by the end of June, and plant height is controlled at 45-50 centimetre, fruit branch 8-9 platform when early July pinches; Plant height 70-75 centimetre, spray mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5 gram/mu according to the cotton growth situation;
E, spray mepiquat chloride 2 times after pinching, goal of regulation and control is that cane is sturdy, and the control lateral bud growth of leaf look dark green is executed 4-8 gram mepiquat chloride for each every mu;
Carry out for 2-3 days of beginning before the nitrogen dressing of pouring water from pouring water for the first time at every turn the opportunity that sprays mepiquat chloride in the said method.
According to the definite amount that specifically sprays of cotton growing way; Be exactly to regulate the amount that sprays mepiquat chloride according to the target of cotton field top appearance before spraying specifically, comparatively desirable average length of internode is 5-7 centimetre, strengthens the amount that sprays mepiquat chloride if internode is long partially; If that has controlled is better; Then reduce the amount spray, it is long fruit branch lateral growth, leaf color jade green, internode to occur, i.e. the amount of increasingization control;
Embodiment 1
On one four nine five high yield cotton fields that connect of Shihezi, North SinKiang farming eight teachers, carried out spraying the test that mepiquat chloride carries out the root system regulation and control in 2009, and supplied examination soil to plough grey desert soil for irritating, soil fertility is medium, the sandy loam of soil property; Supplying the examination cotton variety is new land early No. 26, and cropping pattern is that ultra wide film is planted cotton, 2.05 meters of film webs; One film, six row, the actual 15800 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings adopt the fertigation pattern; Breeding time, drip irrigation was 8 times, single irrigation quantity 25-40 side, and the accumulation irrigation quantity is 320 side/mus; Execute 340 kilograms/hectare of purity nitrogens, 61.5 kilograms/hectare in pure phosphorus, 2.76 kilograms/hectare in pure potassium;
Two processing are established in test, handle one and are conventional treatment: promptly manage (not using mepiquat chloride) according to the management method of high-yield culturing rules, handle two and be the mepiquat chloride processing: promptly on the conventional treatment basis, adopt method of the present invention to carry out mepiquat chloride and spray;
It is following that mepiquat chloride sprays process record:
Sowing on April 20th, 2009, April 22 was irritated the water of emerging, and after the cotton in seedling stage final singling, sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu for the first time at the beginning of 5 months, because spring in 2009, temperature was on the low side; The cotton growing way is on the weak side, so spray mepiquat chloride 0.3 gram/mu for the second time in tri-leaf period (May 18), gets into five leaf after dates, May 29; 12 centimetres of the average plant heights of cotton, on the low side, be 0.8 gram/mu so spray the mepiquat chloride amount for the third time, irritated a water on June 2; Sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.0 gram/mus on June 11, June 13 poured water, and sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.2 gram/mus on June 21, and June 23 poured water; Cotton gets into initial bloom stage by the end of June, and average fruit branch number is 6.8, and average plant height is 45.6 centimetres, and is on the low side slightly; The amount that July 1 sprayed mepiquat chloride is chosen as 1.0 gram/mus, and July 3 poured water, and entering temperature condition in July is better, and cotton growth is very fast; July 8, average fruit branch number reached 8.2 when pinching, and 71.5 centimetres of average plant heights sprayed the mepiquat chloride amount July 10 and are decided to be 4 gram/mus; July 13 poured water, and the prosperous long trend of lateral bud appears in cotton during July 22, so spray mepiquat chloride 6 gram/mus, July 24 poured water;
The root system sampling method: two-way section method, from the 70 centimetres of wide regions in intermembranous center, sampling under the irrigate band, concrete grammar is to begin apart from cotton plants 30 centimeters from film is inside and outside; Per vertically downward 10 centimetres are one deck cutting from the face of land, until 60 centimetres, and are cut into cube soil block (10 * 10 * 10) cubic centimetre; Each the piece soil body that digs out is all collected; With 1 millimeter stainless (steel) wire screening of diameter root system, pick up new formation, intrusive body and non-cotton root material, to be measured with the clean back of flushing with clean water; Each fritter soil of while mixing after detecting root system, the earth sample fetches earth;
The mensuration of cotton root system morphological index: with scanner with root appearance under the 200dpi pixel; Be scanned into the TIF image file of black and white contrast; The TIF file that scanning is good calculates morphological feature indexs such as extent of the root system with DT-SCAN image analysis software (Britain Delta company, 1.0 editions);
Result of the test:
The distribution situation of root length is to characterize crop root configuration important index in space in soil in the different soils level, and the distribution of root length longer explanation root system in this soil layer is wide more, helps the absorption of nutrient and water more.
Result of the test shows (Fig. 1,2,3); When taking a sample observation for the first time seedling stage; Conventional treatment and the root length difference that sprays between the mepiquat chloride processing are little, but when initial bloom stage is taken a sample, have shown tangible difference; Show through repeatedly spraying mepiquat chloride on a small quantity, can promote the downward growth of cotton root system significantly; The term of opening bolls, sampling result showed, sprayed the decline that mepiquat chloride can significantly reduce the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls through method of the present invention, for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs guarantee was provided.
Embodiment 2
On one four nine five high yield cotton fields that connect of Shihezi, North SinKiang farming eight teachers, carried out spraying the test that mepiquat chloride carries out the root system regulation and control in 2010.Supply examination soil to plough grey desert soil for irritating, soil fertility is medium, the sandy loam of soil property, and supplying the examination cotton variety is new land early No. 26; Cropping pattern is that ultra wide film is planted cotton, 2.05 meters of film webs, a film six row, the actual 15600 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings; Adopt the fertigation pattern, breeding time, drip irrigation was 8 times, single irrigation quantity 25-40 side, and the accumulation irrigation quantity is 320 side/mus; Execute 340 kilograms/hectare of purity nitrogens, 61.5 kilograms/hectare in pure phosphorus, 2.76 kilograms/hectare in pure potassium;
Two processing are established in test, handle one and are conventional treatment: promptly manage (not using mepiquat chloride) according to the management method of high-yield culturing rules, handle two and be the mepiquat chloride processing: promptly on the conventional treatment basis, adopt method of the present invention to carry out mepiquat chloride and spray;
It is following that mepiquat chloride sprays process record:
The sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil on April 10th, 2010 after the cotton in seedling stage final singling by the end of April, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu for the first time, owing to spring in 2010 temperature condition better, the cotton growing way is good; So spray mepiquat chloride 0.5 gram/mu for the second time in tri-leaf period (May 11), May 29 began to budding, 17 centimetres of the average plant heights of cotton this moment, higher, be 1.0 gram/mus so spray the mepiquat chloride amount for the third time; June 1 was irritated a water, sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.5 gram/mus on June 10, and June 12 poured water, and sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.5 gram/mus on June 19; June 21 poured water, and cotton gets into the florescence by the end of June, and average fruit branch number is 8.2, and average plant height is 55.3 centimetres; Higher, be chosen as 1.5 gram/mus so sprayed the amount of mepiquat chloride on June 30, July 2 poured water, and entering temperature condition in July is better; Cotton growth is very fast, and July 6, average fruit branch number reached 8.8 when pinching, 77.2 centimetres of average plant heights; Higher, and cane emerald green phenomenon in top appears, so spraying the mepiquat chloride amount, July 8 is decided to be 8 gram/mus, July 10 poured water; During July 20, spray mepiquat chloride 8 gram/mus once more, July 23 poured water, the trend of having controlled the prosperous length of cauline leaf of success.
Root system sampling method: with embodiment 1;
The mensuration of cotton root system morphological index: with embodiment 1;
Result of the test is following:
Result of the test shows (Fig. 4,5,6); When taking a sample observation for the first time seedling stage in 2010, conventional treatment and the root length difference in the different soils level that sprays between the mepiquat chloride processing are little, but when initial bloom stage is taken a sample; Show tangible difference between two processing; Below 20 centimetres in the soil layer root length obviously increase, explain through repeatedly spraying mepiquat chloride on a small quantity, can promote the downward growth of cotton root system significantly; The term of opening bolls, sampling result showed; Spray the distribution that mepiquat chloride can significantly increase root system in the lower soil through method of the present invention; Simultaneously can reduce the decline (early ageing) of Levant Cotton Root length in the term of opening bolls in each soil layer, guarantee is provided for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs.
Embodiment 3
2010 in one four nine 20 high yield cotton fields that connect of Shihezi, North SinKiang farming eight teachers enterprising another sprays the test that mepiquat chloride carries out the root system regulation and control, supply examination soil to plough grey desert soil for irritating, soil fertility is medium; The sandy loam of soil property; Supplying the examination cotton variety is new land early No. 26, and cropping pattern is that ultra wide film is planted cotton, 2.05 meters of film webs; One film, six row, the actual 14700 strain/mus of keeping a full stand of seedings.Adopt the fertigation pattern, breeding time, drip irrigation was 8 times, single irrigation quantity 25-40 side, and the accumulation irrigation quantity is 320 side/mus, executes 340 kilograms/hectare of purity nitrogens, 61.5 kilograms/hectare in pure phosphorus, 2.76 kilograms/hectare in pure potassium;
Two processing are established in test, handle one and are conventional treatment: promptly manage (not using mepiquat chloride) according to the management method of high-yield culturing rules, handle two and be the mepiquat chloride processing: promptly on the conventional treatment basis, adopt method of the present invention to carry out mepiquat chloride and spray;
It is following that mepiquat chloride sprays process record:
Sowing on April 12nd, 2010, April 14 was irritated the water of emerging, and after the cotton in seedling stage final singling, sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu for the first time at the beginning of 5 months, because the pyroprocess in spring in 2010; The cotton in seedling stage growing way is better, so spray mepiquat chloride 0.4 gram/mu for the second time in tri-leaf period (May 12), May 28 began to budding, 15.0 centimetres of the average plant heights of cotton this moment; More suitable, be 0.9 gram/mu so spray the mepiquat chloride amount for the third time, June 1 was irritated a water, sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.2 gram/mus on June 10; June 13 poured water, and sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.2 gram/mus on June 18, and June 20 poured water, and cotton gets into the florescence by the end of June; Average fruit branch number is 7.8, and average plant height is 47.9 centimetres, is chosen as 1.2 gram/mus so sprayed the amount of mepiquat chloride on June 30, and July 2 poured water; Entering temperature condition in July is better, and cotton growth is very fast, and July 7, average fruit branch number reached 8.5 when pinching; 70.2 centimetres of average plant heights, dark green leaf color, the stem stalk is sturdy, for prosperous being longer than that prevents lateral bud sprayed mepiquat chloride amount 6 gram/mus on July 9; July 12 poured water, and during July 21, sprayed mepiquat chloride 6 gram/mus once more, and July 23 poured water;
Root system sampling method: with embodiment 1;
The mensuration of cotton root system morphological index: with embodiment 1;
Result of the test:
The distribution situation of root length is to characterize crop root configuration important index in space in soil in the different soils level.The distribution of root length longer explanation root system in this soil layer is wide more, helps the absorption of nutrient and water more;
Result of the test shows (seeing Fig. 7,8,9); When taking a sample observation for the first time seedling stage, conventional treatment and the root length difference that sprays between the mepiquat chloride processing are little, but when initial bloom stage is taken a sample; Shown tangible difference; Show through repeatedly spraying mepiquat chloride on a small quantity, can promote the downward growth of cotton root system significantly, the term of opening bolls, sampling result showed; Spray the decline that mepiquat chloride can significantly reduce the long density of Levant Cotton Root in the term of opening bolls through method of the present invention, guarantee is provided for the water and nutrient of cotton late growth stage absorbs.

Claims (2)

1. a chemical regulation cotton root system configuration method is characterized in that carrying out the mepiquat chloride foliage-spray according to plant growing way appearance the time of infertility in cotton, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
After a, the cotton in seedling stage final singling, spray mepiquat chloride 0.2 gram/mu;
B, tri-leaf period, goal of regulation and control was plant height 5-8 centimetre, sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.3-0.5 gram/mu according to cotton seedling growth;
C, five leaf period regulation targets are plant height 13-15 centimetre, and cane is sturdy, and the leaf look dark green, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.8-1.0 gram/mu according to cotton growth;
D, when pinching at the beginning of five leaf phases to 7 month; Sprayed mepiquat chloride once in every separated 5-10 days; Goal of regulation and control is fruit branch 7-8 platform when getting into initial bloom stage by the end of June, and plant height is controlled at 45-50 centimetre, fruit branch 8-9 platform when early July pinches; Plant height 70-75 centimetre, spray mepiquat chloride 1.0-1.5 gram/mu according to cotton growth;
E, spray mepiquat chloride 2 times after pinching, goal of regulation and control is that cane is sturdy, and the leaf look dark green, and the growth of control lateral bud is executed 4-8 gram mepiquat chloride for each every mu.
2. method according to claim 1, the time that it is characterized in that beginning spraying mepiquat chloride 2-3 days before for the nitrogen dressing of pouring water at every turn from pouring water for the first time.
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CN104081981A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-08 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 Ultrahigh yield cultivation method for cotton canopy design and application of ultrahigh yield cultivation method
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CN111418383A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-17 桂林理工大学 Screening method of chemical regulating agent under pollution exposure based on root development parameters
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CN103597998A (en) * 2013-11-21 2014-02-26 新疆生产建设兵团农六师农业科学研究所 Cultivation method of cotton by drip irrigation under plastic film
CN103597998B (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-06 新疆生产建设兵团农六师农业科学研究所 Cultivation method of cotton by drip irrigation under plastic film
CN104067869A (en) * 2014-04-25 2014-10-01 新疆农垦科学院 Novel chemical cotton topping method for use in shine early cotton region
CN104081981A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-08 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 Ultrahigh yield cultivation method for cotton canopy design and application of ultrahigh yield cultivation method
CN104472169A (en) * 2014-11-26 2015-04-01 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land
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CN111418383B (en) * 2020-04-16 2021-08-24 桂林理工大学 Screening method of chemical regulating agent under pollution exposure based on root development parameters
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