CN104067869A - Novel chemical cotton topping method for use in shine early cotton region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a novel cotton chemical topping method in an early-maturing cotton area. It includes spraying methylpiperon on the foliage from the emergence stage to the boll stage of cotton for basic routine chemical control, and spraying chemical topping on the top of cotton plants when the plant height is 55-65cm and the number of fruit branches is 6-8 at the cotton boll stage. Water agent, described chemical topping water agent comprises the following components in weight percentage, 15-20% mepimonium soluble powder, 5-10% Tuyouta cotton topping water agent and 70-80% water, The dosage of the chemical topping water agent is 40-50ml/mu. The present invention has two effects of topping and regulating plant growth through mechanical spraying and topping, and realizes the effects of inhibiting the growth of cotton plants, reducing labor and labor intensity, improving topping efficiency, reducing topping costs, and increasing production. Replace manual topping to realize the mechanization of cotton production.

Description

A new cotton chemical topping method in early maturing cotton area

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a novel cotton chemical topping method in an early-maturing cotton area.

Background technique

The northern Xinjiang area is an early-maturing cotton sub-region, with short cotton growing seasons, labor shortages, high risks in cotton production, and high requirements for cultivation techniques, especially for mechanization. After long-term exploration and practice, cotton mechanization has been basically realized in all aspects of cotton production in this area, from arable land to fertilization, from sowing to harvesting, but mechanization has not been realized in the cotton topping link. The "topping" problem has always been a key link restricting the entire mechanization of cotton in the Corps, and it is also the last link in the mechanization of cotton planting in the Corps. If the topping problem is solved, it will not only save costs and increase efficiency, realize the mechanization of cotton in the whole process, but also liberate Labor and shortening the topping time will be another major technological revolution in the history of cotton planting in Xinjiang after plastic film mulching, water-saving irrigation, and mechanical cotton picking, and will play an important role in the development of the Corps and even the world's cotton industry.

At present, cotton topping technology includes two methods: manual topping and mechanical topping. Manual topping is labor-intensive, time-consuming, high-cost, and the quality and effect are not good. It is increasingly unable to meet the mechanization and cost-effectiveness of cotton production. requirements. The mechanical topping-free technology mainly includes two technologies: mechanical topping and mechanical spraying of chemical topping-free agents. Mechanical topping is still immature in domestic research. Although Xinjiang Corps has also developed and produced cotton topping machines, the mechanical performance structure is still in the experimental stage. Due to the high requirements on the leveling of the land and the uniformity of cotton growth during the mechanical topping process, at the same time, it will cause certain mechanical damage to the cotton buds and bolls, reducing the number of cotton bolls and seriously affecting cotton production. However, this technology has not yet achieved large-scale demonstration and promotion. Mechanical spraying of chemical topping-free agents is a new technology developed in recent years, and it is a chemical non-topping technology dominated by biological agents. This technology saves costs and increases efficiency significantly, effectively improves labor efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and can significantly improve the timeliness of cotton topping. It is currently the most promising cotton mechanochemical topping-free technology. At present, the use of chemical-free topping agents in Xinjiang has exceeded 100,000 mu. Since 2010, a variety of topping agent products have appeared in the Xinjiang biological agent sales market. , because flumetriamine is an aqueous emulsion, it needs to be sprayed twice, and the dosage is relatively large. It also needs to be combined with mepimonium soluble powder and cotton growth medicine, which has high operation technology and limited practicability.

Chinese patent CN102823411.A discloses a chemical topping method for cotton, which sprays methylpiperon 3-5 days before and after the initial flowering stage of cotton to carry out basic chemical control, sprays chemical topping agent on the leaves before and after the full flowering stage of cotton, sprays 3-15 days after the chemical topping agent, the chemical control of the stable plant type is sprayed with mepimonium, and the topping agent is prepared from the water emulsion of mepiquine, water and flumethamine emulsion. The topping agent of this invention is a water emulsion, and the solubility with water in the water emulsion dilution process is not as good as the water agent, and the absorption effect after spraying on the foliage is not as high as that of the water agent, and the topping work in this patent Secondary spraying operation is required, the operation steps are many, the process is complicated, the dosage of chemicals is large, the cost of mechanical spraying is increased, and the spraying of flumethamine also requires high operation technology.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of chemical topping method for cotton in early-maturing cotton areas, which has simple spraying operation, low requirement on operation technology, small dosage of chemicals, high absorption efficiency and low cost.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A novel cotton chemical topping method in an early maturing cotton region, comprising the steps of:

(1) Spray methylpiperon on the leaves of cotton from the seedling stage to the boll stage for basic routine chemical control;

(2) At the cotton boll stage, when the plant height is 55-65cm and the number of fruiting branches is 6-8, spray chemical topping water on the top of the cotton plants. The chemical topping water includes the following components in weight percentage , 15-20% mepimonium soluble powder, 5-10% Tuyouta cotton topping water and 70-80% water, the chemical topping water consumption is 40-50ml/mu;

(3) After spraying the chemical topping water agent, combined with the last routine chemical control of methylpiperom, spray 100-200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of cotton field.

In the aforementioned new chemical topping method for cotton in the early-maturing cotton area, when the cotton in the step (1) grows too vigorously, the amount of mepimonium soluble powder is increased by 2-3 g on the basis of the amount used in the local conventional chemical adjustment.

The above-mentioned new cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, the Tuyouta cotton topping water agent in the step (2) includes the following components, by weight percentage, including 20-25% fluorine Benzylamine emulsion, 0.01% naphthalene boronic acid, 15-20% emulsifier, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% co-solvent and 2-5% stabilizer.

In the above-mentioned novel cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, the spraying time of the step (2) is in the middle of the two dripping times. the

In the above-mentioned novel cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, the spraying time of the step (2) is 3-5 days after dripping water.

In the above-mentioned novel cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, in the step (2) when the cotton is growing vigorously, the dosage of the methazine soluble powder in the chemical topping water agent is increased by 5 g, and mixed with 20-25 kg of water.

In the above-mentioned novel cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, the step (2) sprays the chemical topping water agent at a distance of 20 cm from the top of the cotton plant.

The above-mentioned new cotton chemical topping method in the early-maturing cotton area, the chemical topping water agent in the step (2) is prepared by the secondary return water dilution method, first add half of the capacity of water into the medicine box, and weigh Each component of the solution is made into a mother liquor, poured into the medicine box and stirred evenly, and then filled with water in the medicine box and stirred evenly.

Beneficial effect:

The chemical topping agent of the present invention is a contact and local systemic high-efficiency plant growth inhibiting water agent. After spraying this agent, the cotton plant type is compact, the plant height becomes shorter, the internodes of the main stem and fruit branches are shortened, the boll formation is good, and the permeability is good, which increases the light transmittance of the cotton canopy in the middle and lower parts, which is beneficial to the middle and lower parts of the canopy. The growth and opening of cotton bolls is conducive to the uniform spraying of defoliants and defoliation in the later stage, and it is easy to harvest cotton by machine. Through adjustment, the spatial arrangement structure of fruit branches and leaf tops can be changed, which is conducive to increasing the population density, giving full play to the effects of fertilizer and water, and improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and water.

The invention topping by mechanically spraying chemical agents has two effects of topping and regulating plant growth, thereby realizing the suppression of cotton plant growth, reducing labor and labor intensity, improving topping efficiency, reducing cotton topping cost, and increasing output , to achieve the purpose of saving costs and increasing efficiency. It can replace manual topping to realize the mechanization of cotton production in Xinjiang.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The present invention comprises three basic operation steps:

First of all, the basic routine chemical control was carried out by spraying methylpiperon on the leaves from the emergence stage to the boll stage of cotton, and the cultivation measures such as methylpiperon chemical control and water and fertilizer management were carried out according to the routine of local cotton varieties. For overgrown cotton fields, chemical adjustment can be carried out once 5-10 days before chemical topping. On the basis of the local normalized dosage, add 2-3g of mepimonium soluble powder as appropriate for mixed use.

Secondly, according to the soil in different places, the growth of cotton, and the variety of cotton, as long as the number of fruit sets that meet the requirements of the variety is combined with the principle of topping, spraying is carried out. When the plant height is 55-65cm and the number of fruit branches is 6-8 at the cotton boll stage, the chemical topping water agent is sprayed on the top of the cotton plant, and the chemical topping water agent includes the following components in weight percentage, 15 -20% mepimonium soluble powder, 5-10% Tuyouta cotton topping water agent and 70-80% water, the dosage of the chemical topping water agent is 40-50ml/mu. If the cotton grows vigorously, you can appropriately increase the 5 g of the methazine soluble powder in the chemical topping water, and mix it with 20-25 kg of water. The Tuyouta cotton topping water agent includes the following components, by weight percentage, including 20-25% flumethamine emulsion, 0.01% naphthalene boric acid, 15-20% emulsifier, 8-15% Dispersant, 5-10% co-solvent and 2-5% stabilizer.

Usually, the spraying time should be delayed by 5-6 days from the time of local manual topping, and it is usually used from July 5th to 15th. The spraying time and the irrigation dripping time need to be adjusted, and the spraying time should be in the middle of the upper and lower drips, that is, 4 to 5 days after the dripping is the best time for spraying.

Finally, after spraying the chemical topping water agent, combined with the last routine chemical control of methylphenidate, spray 100-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of cotton field.

Dosage:

(1) The dosage of chemical topping water agent is 40-50ml per mu. If the cotton grows vigorously, 5g of methylpiperon soluble powder can be appropriately added, and mixed with water 20-25kg. The height of the spray head of the top spray is controlled at 20cm from the top of the cotton plant, so that the liquid medicine can be fully sprayed to the top of the cotton plant. It cannot be mixed with other pesticides, and can only be mixed and sprayed with mepizom soluble powder.

(2) For overgrown cotton fields, chemical adjustment can be carried out once 5-10 days before chemical topping. On the basis of the local normalized dosage, add 2-3g of mepimonium soluble powder as appropriate for mixed use. For cotton fields with average growth or weak growth, the chemical control of methylphenidate should be carried out according to the local normalized dosage.

Method of dispensing: The medicine needs to be diluted twice before use. Specific methods: (1) Prepare a bucket and a measuring tool before dispensing to ensure the accuracy of dispensing. (2) First add half of the water to the medicine box, weigh the calculated medicine dose with a measuring tool and pour it into the bucket to prepare the mother liquor, add the mother liquor to the medicine box and return to the water for stirring; then fill up the water and stir evenly.

Spraying requirements:

(1) The connection between the locomotive and the sprayer must be firm and reliable, and the installation of the spray bar should be parallel to the ground and at an appropriate height. The pump for spraying machinery should have a pressure regulating and unloading device, and it should be able to regulate the pressure smoothly within the rated or maximum working pressure range, and the spray pressure is 0.3-0.4MPa. Before spraying, the spraying operation test should be carried out under the rated working pressure, and there will be no noise, loose connections, oil leakage, or water leakage. The spraying machinery must be equipped with three-stage filtration and anti-corrosion performance.

(2) When spraying, the power should be given first, and then the liquid feeding switch should be turned on to spray. When parking, the liquid feeding switch should be turned off first, and then the power should be cut off. During the headland turning process, the power take-off shaft should always rotate to keep the liquid in the medicine box stirred, but the liquid feeding switch must be closed.

(3) Before the locomotive enters the cotton field, the medicine box, nozzle, and nozzle must be cleaned, and the nozzle must be adjusted to ensure good atomization and uniform liquid medicine. Control in the second gear, 4-5 kilometers per hour.

(4) After pouring the prepared mother liquor into the medicine box, it must be fully stirred evenly before going to work in the field.

(5) After the chemical topping agent is applied, combined with the last routine chemical control of mepiquine, spray 100-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of cotton field.

Precautions:

(1) The chemical topping water should be used in a coordinated dose with the mepimonium soluble powder, and should not be mixed with pesticides.

(2) When spraying, it is necessary to determine the amount of spraying liquid according to the area of each round-trip, do fixed-point, quantitative dosing and water, check back and forth, clear each tank and each plot, mark the walking route before spraying, and achieve Not leaking nor heavy. the

(3) Attention should be paid to wind speed and wind direction during spraying operations, and the wind speed of mechanical spraying should be lower than 4 meters per second. Frequently check whether the nozzle is clogged. If there is clogging, stop and clean immediately.

(4) There is a strong adhesive agent added to the product, and there is no need to spray again in case of rainfall within 6 hours of application.

(5) Avoid rainy days and direct sunlight at noon, and spraying at 17-18 p.m. has the best effect. The product cannot be stored below 0°C.

Application test:

(1) In 2013, the Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Cotton Institute tested a round of Sitiao field with an area of 42 mu. The variety was Xinluzao 62, which was sown on April 16. Chemical free topping was carried out according to the above method, and the cotton was self-capped around July 20. The final cotton plant height was 65-74cm, and the boll number and boll weight per plant were 0.6 and 0.2g more than manual topping, respectively. The yield of 243kg was 17kg/mu higher than that of the artificial topping control of 227kg/mu, which was an increase of 7%.

(2) In 2013, the No. 12 Xihuang field of the 3rd Company of the 130th Regiment of the Seventh Division covers an area of 30 mu. The variety is Lumianyan No. 24, which was sown on April 17. Chemical free topping was carried out according to the above method, and the cotton was self-topping in early August, and the final cotton plant height was 84-95cm, and the final bolls per plant were 12.6, which was the same as the number of bolls compared with manual topping, and the lint yield was 407kg/mu compared with manual topping Compared with 410kg/mu, the yield was reduced by 3kg/mu, and the yield was reduced by 0.7%.

(3) In 2013, the experimental field of the Agricultural Technology Extension Station of the 184th Regiment of the 10th Division covers an area of 25 mu, and the variety is Jinken 5-6, which was sown on April 17. Chemical free topping was carried out according to the above method. Cotton was self-topping in early August, and the final cotton plant height was 65-70cm. , 4.5 bolls per plant increased by 1.9 compared with the artificial topping control, and the seed cotton yield was 201kg/mu compared with the manual topping control 189kg/mu, an increase of 12kg/mu, an increase of 6%.

(4) In 2013, the No. 91 Tiaotian of the 149th Regiment of the Eighth Division, with an area of 80 mu, was planted on April 10 with the variety Xinluzao 45. Chemical free topping was carried out according to the above method. Cotton was self-topping in early August, and the final cotton plant height was 75-85cm. The number of fruiting branches increased by 1-2 compared with the control manual topping, and the number of fruiting branches was doubled compared with the control manual topping. , 5 bolls per plant increased by 0.5g compared with the control manual topping, and the seed cotton yield was 320kg/mu, which was 20kg/mu higher than the manual topping control 300kg/mu, an increase of 6%.

In the process of applying the technology of this invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can improve or change the spraying time and dosage according to the above description in combination with local actual conditions, and all operating technical methods should belong to the appended rights of the present invention. the scope of protection required.

Claims (8)

1. precocious cotton region new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

(1) cotton seeding stage to the bell phase is carried out the basis control that routinizes to foliage-spray chlormequat chloride;

(2) the cotton knot bell phase is in the time of plant height 55-65cm, fruit branch number of units 6-8 platform, spray the chemistry aqua of pinching at cotton plant top, the described chemistry aqua of pinching comprises following component by weight percentage, the water of 15-20% chlormequat chloride soluble powder, the 5-10% excellent tower cotton topping aqua of soil and 70-80%, the described chemistry aqua consumption of pinching is 40-50ml/ mu;

(3) spray chemistry and pinch after aqua, in conjunction with the control that routinizes of last chlormequat chloride, every mu of cotton field sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100～200g.

2. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, the Cotton growth of described step (1) is crossed when prosperous, and routinizing to adjust on the basis of usage amount in locality increases chlormequat chloride soluble powder consumption 2-3g.

3. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), native excellent tower cotton topping aqua comprises the component of following ratio, by weight percentage, comprise flumetralim emulsion, 0.01% naphthalene boronic acids, 15-20% emulsifier, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% cosolvent and the 2-5% stabilizing agent of 20-25%.

4. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, the time that sprays of described step (2) is the centre of the time of dripping for twice.

5. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, the time that sprays of described step (2) is the 3-5 days after dripping.

6. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, when described step (2) Cotton growth is vigorous, the chemistry consumption of chlormequat chloride soluble powder in aqua of pinching increases 5g, is watered 20-25kg.

7. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, and it is characterized in that, described step (2) is spraying the chemistry aqua of pinching from 20cm place, cotton plant top.

8. the precocious cotton region of one according to claim 1 new cotton is spent the chemistry method of pinching, it is characterized in that, the chemistry of described step (2) aqua of pinching adopts the preparation of secondary returning water dilution method, first to the water that adds half capacity in medicine-chest, the each components dissolved weighing is made and poured medicine-chest into after mother liquor and stir, again topped up with water in medicine-chest is stirred.