CN104067869B - Chemical cotton topping method for shine early cotton region - Google Patents

Chemical cotton topping method for shine early cotton region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104067869B
CN104067869B CN201410170088.1A CN201410170088A CN104067869B CN 104067869 B CN104067869 B CN 104067869B CN 201410170088 A CN201410170088 A CN 201410170088A CN 104067869 B CN104067869 B CN 104067869B
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cotton
topping
chemistry
aqua
chemical
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CN104067869A (en
Inventor
王刚
陈兵
余渝
刘辉
樊庆鲁
韩焕勇
赵海
张鑫
王旭文
王方永
郭景红
李玉国
姚炎帝
董恒义
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a chemical cotton topping method for a shine early cotton region. The novel chemical cotton topping method comprises the following steps: from the seeding stage to maturation stage of cotton, spraying mepiquat chloride onto leaf surfaces for performing basic conventional chemical control; when the plant heights are 55-65 centimeters and the fruit branch quantity is 6-8 at the cotton maturation stage, spraying a chemical topping aqueous solution onto the top of cotton plants, wherein the chemical topping aqueous solution comprises the following components in parcentage by weight: 15-20 percent of mepiquat chloride soluble powder, 5-10 percent of Tuyouta cotton topping aqueous solution and 70-80 percent of water, and the using amount of the chemical topping aqueous solution is 40-50 ml per mu. Through mechanical spraying and topping, the effects of topping and regulating plant growth are achieved, plant growth is inhibited, the labor force and labor intensity are reduced, the topping efficiency is increased, the topping cost is reduced, the yield is increased, and full-mechanical cotton production can be realized instead of manual topping.

Description

The method that a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, a kind of more particularly, to precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method.
Background technology
Northern Xinjiang section belongs to Shine Early cotton subprovince, and cotton growing season is short, overemployment, and Cotton Production risk is big, to cultivation Training technical requirements are higher, and the especially requirement to Mechanization Level is higher.Through long-term exploration and practice, this area's Cotton Production from Plough fertilising, from be seeded into harvest each link substantially achieved cotton mechanization, only fail in cotton topping link Realize mechanization." pinching " problem is always the key link restricting formation's cotton entire mechanization, is also that cotton whole process is planted by formation Last link in mechanization, if solving the problem of pinching, can not only cost-saving synergistic, realize the whole machinery of cotton Change, and labour can be liberated, shorten Topping Time, will be that cotton in Xinjiang plants continue in cotton history covering with ground sheeting, water-saving irrigation, machinery Another important technical revolution after cotton picking, the development to formation or even World cotton industry produces important function.
At present cotton topping technology includes manually pinching and two ways of pinching exempted from by machinery, manually pinch take a lot of work, time-consuming, become This height, and quality and effect are also bad, increasingly can not meet Cotton Production entire mechanization and abridged edition efficiently requires.Machine Tool is exempted from the technology of pinching and is mainly included that machinery is pinched and machinery sprays chemistry and exempts from two technology of agent of pinching.Machinery is pinched and is studied at home In still immature although north Xinjiang has been also carried out development and the production of cotton top-cutting machine, but mechanical performance structure is also located at present In experimental stage.During being pinched due to machinery, the aspects such as the flat condition in soil, the uniformity coefficient of Cotton growth height are had Cotton plant cotton buds and bolls are caused certain mechanical damage by higher requirement simultaneously, reduce cotton boll forming number, thus having a strong impact on cotton Yield, this technology is still not implemented large-scale demonstration at present and promotes.And it is to develop in recent years that machinery sprays chemistry agent of exempting to pinch The new technology come, it is that the chemistry being leading with biologic product exempts from the technology of pinching.This technology cost-saving synergistic is notable, effectively improves Efficiency, alleviates labour intensity, and is remarkably improved the ageing of cotton topping, is current the most promising cotton machine Tool chemistry exempts from the technology of pinching.The chemistry use in Xinjiang for the agent of exempting to pinch at present alreadys exceed 100,000 mu, since two thousand and ten, Xinjiang Multiple agent products of pinching successively are occurred in that on biologic product selling market, wherein most are flumetralim and native excellent tower, by It is aqueous emulsion in flumetralim, needs to spray for 2 times, consumption is more, also need to coordinate chlormequat chloride soluble powder and Cotton growth medication, Operating technology is higher, limited by practicality.
Chinese patent CN102823411.A discloses the chemistry that grows cotton and pinches method, its 3-5 before and after cotton initial bloom stage It sprays chlormequat chloride and carries out basisization control, and before and after cotton full-bloom stage, foliage-spray chemistry is pinched agent, sprays chemistry and pinches 3- after agent Spray within 15 days chlormequat chloride and stablize plant type control, described agent of pinching is that chlormequat chloride aqueous emulsion, water and flumetralim emulsion are formulated. The agent of pinching of this invention is aqueous emulsion, is not so good as aqua with the dissolubility of water good, after spraying application to blade face in aqueous emulsion dilution Assimilation effect does not have the absorptivity of aqua high, and need of work of pinching in this patented technology carries out secondary spraying operation, operation step Suddenly many, operation is numerous and diverse, and dosing is big, and machinery sprays added cost, and flumetralim sprays also high to operating technology requirement.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of spraying operation is simple, less demanding to operating technology, dosing is little, suction Receive efficiency high, the precocious cotton region cotton chemistry of low cost to pinch method.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of present invention offer is:
A kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method, and it comprises the steps:
(1)Cotton seeding stage to the bell phase carries out basis to foliage-spray chlormequat chloride and routinizes control;
(2)The cotton knot bell phase, when plant height 55-65cm, fruit branch number of units 6-8 platform, sprays chemistry at cotton plant top and pinches water Agent, the spray date more local time backward delay manually pinched is carried out for 5-6 days, begins to use within 15 days on the 5th in July;Spray Time need to be adjusted with the irrigation time of dripping, and spray date should be in the centre dripped twice up and down;Described chemistry is pinched water Agent includes following components by weight percentage, 15-20% chlormequat chloride soluble powder, the excellent tower cotton topping aqua of 5-10% soil and The water of 70-80%, described native excellent tower cotton topping aqua includes the component of following ratio, by weight percentage, including 20-25% Flumetralim emulsion, 0.01% naphthalene boronic acids, 15-20% emulsifying agent, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% cosolvent and 2-5% stabilizer, institute The chemistry stated pinches aqua consumption for 40-50ml/ mu;
(3)Spray chemistry to pinch after aqua, routinize control in conjunction with last chlormequat chloride, every mu of cotton field sprays biphosphate Potassium 100~200g.
A kind of above-mentioned precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method, its described step(1)Cotton growth excessively prosperous when, Locality routinizes on the basis of adjusting usage amount increases chlormequat chloride soluble powder consumption 2-3g.
A kind of above-mentioned precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method, its described step(2)When Cotton growth is vigorous, chemistry The consumption of chlormequat chloride soluble powder in aqua of pinching increases 5g, and extra increasing is watered 20-25kg.
A kind of above-mentioned precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method, its described step(2)Away from the 20cm of cotton plant top Spray chemistry to pinch aqua.
A kind of above-mentioned precocity cotton region cotton chemistry is pinched method, its described step(2)Chemistry pinch aqua adopt Secondary returning water dilution method is prepared, and adds the water of half capacity first into medicine-chest, and each component dissolving weighing is made after mother liquor Pour medicine-chest into stir, then topped up with water in medicine-chest stirred, you can.
Beneficial effect:
(1)The agent of pinching of the chemistry of the present invention is a kind of contact and the aqua of local absorbability efficient plant growth suppression.Spray After applying this medicament, cotton plant type is compact, and plant height becomes short, stem and fruit branch internode all shortens, and one-tenth bell is good, and permeability is good, increased The light transmittance of cotton middle and lower part canopy, the growth beneficial to middle and lower part cotton boll and blow-of-cottons, are conducive to later stage defoliant to spray all even Disleave is it is easy to the mechanical harvesting of machine pick cotton.By adjusting the steric structure that can change fruit branch and blade tip, be conducive to Increase population density, give full play to fertilizer and water limitation, improve rich water utilization rate;
(2)The present invention sprays chemical agent mode by machinery and pinches, and has concurrently and pinches and two kinds of effects of coordinate plant growth, Thus realizing suppressing growth rate of cotton plant, reducing artificial and labour intensity, improving efficiency of pinching, reducing cotton topping cost, increasing and produce Amount, reaches the purpose of cost-saving synergistic.Alternative manually pinching realizes cotton in Xinjiang whole production process mechanization.
Specific embodiment
Technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect for making the present invention realize are easy to understand, with reference to Specific embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
The present invention includes three basic operating procedures.
First, carry out basis in the cotton seeding stage to bell phase to foliage-spray chlormequat chloride to routinize control, chlormequat chloride control and The liquid manure cultivation step such as plan strategies for is carried out according to local cotton variety routine.For the cotton field of over growth, can be before chemistry be pinched Carrying out is adjusted 1 time within 5-10 days, on the basis of adjusting usage amount by local normalization, increases chlormequat chloride soluble powder 2-3g as one sees fit and mixes Close and use.
Secondly, according to soil differently, Cotton growth, cotton variety, as long as the fruit number of units reaching kind requirement combines The principle pinched is sprayed.When the cotton knot bell phase is when plant height 55-65cm, fruit branch number of units 6-8 platform, in spraying of cotton plant top Pinch aqua, and described chemistry aqua of pinching includes following components, 15-20% chlormequat chloride soluble powder by weight percentage The water of agent, the excellent tower cotton topping aqua of 5-10% soil and 70-80%, described chemistry pinches aqua consumption for 40-50ml/ mu.As Cotton growth is vigorous can suitably to be increased chemistry and pinches 5 grams of chlormequat chloride soluble powder in aqua, be watered 20-25 kilogram.Described The excellent tower cotton topping aqua of soil includes the component of following ratio, by weight percentage, including the flumetralim emulsion of 20-25%, 0.01% naphthalene boronic acids, 15-20% emulsifying agent, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% cosolvent and 2-5% stabilizer.
The time backward delay that generally spray date should more local manually be pinched is carried out, generally -15 days on the 5th July for 5-6 days Begin to use.Spray date need to be adjusted with the irrigation time of dripping, and spray date should be in the centre dripped twice up and down, also Be drip after after 4~5 days be spray Best Times.
Finally, pinch after aqua spraying chemistry, routinize control in conjunction with last chlormequat chloride, every mu of cotton field sprays phosphoric acid 100~200 grams of potassium dihydrogen.
Dosage:
(1)Chemistry is pinched every mu of consumption 40~50ml of aqua, and as vigorous in Cotton growth can suitably to increase chlormequat chloride soluble 5 grams of pulvis, is watered 20-25 kilogram.The sprinkler height of top spray controls from cotton plant top 20cm, is beneficial to liquid and fully sprays application to Cotton plant top.Can only can not spray with chlormequat chloride soluble powder mixture with other combined use of pesticides;
(2)For the cotton field of over growth, 5-10 days carrying out can adjust 1 time before chemistry is pinched, adjust by local normalization On the basis of usage amount, increase chlormequat chloride soluble powder 2-3g as one sees fit and be used in mixed way.For growing way, typically or growth is weaker Cotton field, adjusts usage amount to carry out chlormequat chloride control by local normalization.
Dosage:Medicament uses after need to carrying out secondary dilution, concrete grammar:(1)One, bucket is got out, amount before making up a prescription Tool one, to ensure the accuracy made up a prescription.(2)First add water into medicine-chest half, is fallen with the good drug dose of measurer weightometer Enter bucket and prepare mother liquor, mother liquor addition medicine-chest is carried out backwater stirring;Again water is filled it up with and stir.
Spray requirement:
(1)Locomotive is connected with sprayer to be guaranteed solid and reliable, and the installation of spray boom is parallel to the ground, highly suitably.Dispenser Machinery pump should have pressure regulation, relief arrangement, in the range of specified or maximum working pressure should be able to smoothly pressure regulation, atomisation pressure 0.3-0.4MPa.Luggage water examination spray field investigation should be entered, occurs without sound, connector pine under rated operating pressure before dispenser Dynamic, oil leak, drainage.Agent spraying machine must be equipped with three-stage filtration and antiseptic property;
(2)First power should be given during sprinkling, then open liquor charging switch spray, should first close during parking liquor charging switch, after cut Disconnected power.In the turning course of the edge of a field, power output shaft should rotate all the time, and to keep the stirring of liquid in medicine-chest, but liquor charging is opened Closing must be closed mode;
(3)Locomotive must clean medicine-chest, jet pipe, shower nozzle before entering cotton field, has debugged shower nozzle, accomplishes that atomization is good, medicine Liquid uniformly, water yield 20-25 kilogram under mu, spray boom height from cotton plant 20cm, locomotive shunting speeds control at two grades, 4-5 per hour Kilometer;
(4)The mother liquor having configured is poured into after medicine-chest, stir, ground operation can be descended;
(5)Chemistry is pinched after agent dispenser, routinizes control in conjunction with last chlormequat chloride, every mu of cotton field sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100~200 grams.
Points for attention:
(1)Chemistry aqua of pinching mutually coordinated dosage need to be used with chlormequat chloride soluble powder, can not make with pestsides synthesis With;
(2)Need the area being come and gone according to each to determine spraying volume during dispenser, accomplish that fixed point, quantitative dosing add water, past Return verification, every tank and every plot are all closed, mark track route before dispenser, accomplish not leak and do not weigh;
(3)It should be noted that wind speed, wind direction in spraying operation, mechanical spraying wind speed should be less than 4 metre per second (m/s)s.Diligent should check that shower nozzle has No clogging, should cleaning during shutdown immediately if any blocking;
(4)Meet rainfall within being stained with agent dispenser 6 hours added with strong binding in product need not spray again;
(5)Rainy day and direct sunlight period at noon should be avoided, carry out spraying effect with the afternoon 17~18 points optimal.Product Can not deposit below 0 DEG C.
Application test:
(1)The tested ground one of Shihezi of Xinjiang academy of agricultural science cotton in 2013 four fields of wheel, 42 mu of area, kind For early No. 62 of new land, April 16 was sowed.Carry out chemistry according to the method described above to exempt to pinch, 20 days about July cotton self sealing top, Whole cotton plant height 65-74cm, single basal munure and Single boll weight more manually pinch many 0.6 and 0.2 gram respectively, seed cotton yield 243kg Comparison 227kg/ mu of more manually pinching increases production 17 kgs/acre, increases production 7%;
(2)7th teacher connects west No. 12 articles of fields of famine, 30 mu of area for 130 3 within 2013, and kind grinds No. 24 for Shandong cotton, April 17 Sowing.Carry out chemistry according to the method described above to exempt to pinch, early August cotton self sealing top, final cotton plant height 84-95cm, finally single Strain knot 12.6, bell, with manually pinch compare bell number maintain an equal level, lint yield 407kg/ mu more manually pinch compare 410kg/ mu subtract Produce 3 kgs/acre, the underproduction 0.7%;
(3)184 agricultural technique spread stations of tenth teacher in 2013 experimental field, 25 mu of area, kind cultivates 5-6, April 17 for gold Sowing.Carry out chemistry according to the method described above to exempt to pinch, early August cotton self sealing top, final cotton plant height 65-70cm, fruit branch platform Number relatively compares increase 1-2 platform of manually pinching, and four fruit branch cotton buds and bolls relatively compare 1 times of increase of manually pinching, and boll per plant 4.5 is more right According to increase by 1.9 of manually pinching, seed cotton yield 201kg/ mu is more manually pinched and is compareed 12 kgs/acre of 189kg/ mu volume increase, increases production 6%;
(4)149 No. 91 articles of fields of 8th teacher in 2013,80 mu of area, kind is early No. 45 of new land, and April 10 was sowed.Press Carry out chemistry according to said method to exempt to pinch, early August cotton self sealing top, final cotton plant height 75-85cm, fruit branch number of units relatively compares Manually pinching increases 1-2 platform, and four fruit branch cotton buds and bolls relatively compare 1 times of increase of manually pinching, and boll per plant 5 relatively compares manually pinches Increase by 0.5 gram, seed cotton yield 320kg/ mu, comparison 300kg/ mu of more manually pinching increases production 20 kgs/acre, increases production 6%.
During application the present invention technology, for those of ordinary skills, can be according to the above description In conjunction with local conditions, the time that sprays and dosage are improved or converted, and all operations technical method all should be belonged to this The protection domain of bright claims.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry pinches method it is characterised in that comprising the steps:
(1)Cotton seeding stage to the bell phase carries out basis to foliage-spray chlormequat chloride and routinizes control;
(2)The cotton knot bell phase, when plant height 55-65cm, fruit branch number of units 6-8 platform, sprays chemistry at cotton plant top and pinches aqua, spray The medicine time, the more local time backward delay manually pinched was carried out for 5-6 days, began to use within 15 days on the 5th in July;Spray date Need to be adjusted with the irrigation time of dripping, spray date should be in the centre dripped twice up and down;Described chemistry pinch aqua with Percentage by weight meter includes following components, 15-20% chlormequat chloride soluble powder, the excellent tower cotton topping aqua of 5-10% soil and 70- 80% water, described native excellent tower cotton topping aqua includes the component of following ratio, by weight percentage, including 20-25%'s Flumetralim emulsion, 0.01% naphthalene boronic acids, 15-20% emulsifying agent, 8-15% dispersant, 5-10% cosolvent and 2-5% stabilizer, described Chemistry pinch aqua consumption be 40-50ml/ mu;
(3)Spray chemistry to pinch after aqua, routinize control in conjunction with last chlormequat chloride, every mu of cotton field sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100~200g.
2. a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry according to claim 1 pinches method it is characterised in that described step (1)Cotton growth excessively prosperous when, increase chlormequat chloride soluble powder consumption 2-3g on the basis of locality routinizes tune usage amount.
3. a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry according to claim 1 pinches method it is characterised in that described step (2)When Cotton growth is vigorous, in chemical aqua of pinching, the consumption of chlormequat chloride soluble powder increases 5g, and extra increasing is watered 20- 25kg.
4. a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry according to claim 1 pinches method it is characterised in that described step (2)Pinch aqua spraying chemistry away from the 20cm of cotton plant top.
5. a kind of precocity cotton region cotton chemistry according to claim 1 pinches method it is characterised in that described step (2)Chemistry pinch aqua adopt secondary returning water dilution method prepare, first into medicine-chest add half capacity water, by weigh Each component dissolving is poured medicine-chest into after making mother liquor and is stirred, then topped up with water in medicine-chest is stirred, you can.
CN201410170088.1A 2014-04-25 2014-04-25 Chemical cotton topping method for shine early cotton region Expired - Fee Related CN104067869B (en)

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CN114503893A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-05-17 新疆农垦科学院 Xinjiang early-middle-maturing upland cotton chemical topping and later-period management method
CN114616993A (en) * 2022-03-01 2022-06-14 新疆农垦科学院 Method for chemically topping cotton by utilizing agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle

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