CN104871754A - Furrow-sowing drip-irrigation mulch-cultivation method of salinized cotton field in arid area - Google Patents
Furrow-sowing drip-irrigation mulch-cultivation method of salinized cotton field in arid area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871754A CN104871754A CN201510070917.3A CN201510070917A CN104871754A CN 104871754 A CN104871754 A CN 104871754A CN 201510070917 A CN201510070917 A CN 201510070917A CN 104871754 A CN104871754 A CN 104871754A
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- film
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- drip irrigation
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphoric acid diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides a furrow-sowing drip-irrigation mulch-cultivation method of a salinized cotton field in an arid area, including furrowing and ridging, and double-row planting in furrows. The method is characterized in that ridges are big while the furrows are small, a drip irrigation zone laid in the centerline of a furrow bottom is mulched thereon by a plastic film, and bunch planting is performed at both sides of the drip irrigation zone on the plastic film. The plastic film mulching mode includes single-film mulching and double-film mulching, wherein the single-film mulching is to mulch a film in ridge bare furrows or mulch a film evenly in the furrows, and the double-film mulching is to mulch a top film tightly on the top surface of an adjacent ridge after planting based on the single-film mulching so as to form a furrow chamber. Since the evaporation on the ridges is relatively stronger than that in the furrows, salt is allowed to transfer and accumulate above the ridges, and the rhizosphere salinity of the furrows is reduced accordingly. The method realizes a combination of ridging and furrow sowing, plastic film mulching and water-saving drip irrigation, thus water saving, warming and salt reducing effects are achieved, high yield of cotton is facilitated, and increased yield rate ranges from 8.3% to 16.4%. Compared with the conventional salt-alkali improvement measures, the method features more water conservation, lower investment, and easier operation.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dimension stereo agriculture planting method, be specially a kind of drought-hit area salination cotton field ridging trench sowing under-film drip irrigation mulching and planting method.
Two, background technology
The soil salinization suppresses one of plant growth and the major issue affecting agricultural sustainable development, and utilizing reasonable ameliorative measure and anti-salt type cultivation method to reduce crop rhizosphere salinity is the effective way realizing high and stable yield.In arid and semi-arid district, due to the restriction by irrigating water quality, be difficult to the conventional method implementing desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure alkali.And bury dark comb underground, to use the measures engineering costs such as modifying agent higher.Because agricultural planting benefit is better in recent years, some old-fields and abandoned land are able to second ploughing, and the new direct plant cotton in ground etc. of opening up wasteland, and the soil salinization ratio in cotton in Xinjiang cultivated area is at 20-30%.Reduce soil salinization harm, promote the key issue that plant growth becomes in the urgent need to address in cotton in Xinjiang production.
The evaporation powerful due to earth's surface and soil water capillary effect, moisture in soil follows the rule to the movement of physical features higher position.Meanwhile, the soil water-stable aggregates characteristics of motion that the salinity be dissolved in moisture is followed " salt comes with water, and salt goes with water ".Therefore, utilize moisture and salt regime rule in above soil, can Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil be controlled, reach the object improving rhizospheric environment.Forefathers study proof, and ditching, ridging mode can utilize evaporation on ridge to be better than in ditch, and salinity presents the effect (DONG H Z, Kong X Q, Luo Z, 2010) of assembling to the ridge back of the body.
Chinese invention patent " full film double-furrow broadcasting method " (CN101960942A), a kind of full film double-furrow broadcasting method provided, be by corn seeding in ditch, overlay film on ridge, there is the effect of collection rain, but evaporation discharge is large in ditch, on ridge, evaporation discharge reduces, and inhibits moisture and salinity to gather on ridge.Chinese patent " a kind of saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut " (CN 103299815A), utilize the migration rule of salt in soil and peanut salt tolerant feature, plantation on ridge traditional for peanut is changed at the bottom of ridge and planting, and then alleviate the saline and alkaline harm to peanut, improve saline land peanut yield.Chinese patent " a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method " (CN 102630451A) discloses a kind of low-lying waterlogging alkaline land cotton planting method, the method plays large ridge prior to seeding, each plantation a line cotton in the middle part of the slope of great Long both sides, by ridge polysalt, furrow draining, root region soil in the middle part of great Long slope is made to keep lower salt content, suitable moisture, realize both having alleviated cotton salt damage, avoid again the concrete grammar of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging simultaneously.Chinese invention patent " in the high ridge bow film ditch of crops implantation methods " (CN101622930A), propose to have a midnight snack the early spring of freezing in northern China day, high ridge is erected by crop wide-narrow row planting line-spacing trench digging, the sowing of narrow row is carried out in ditch, and at its in the ranks deep placement compoiste fertilizer, at ditch, dripping tube is laid by central authorities, ultra-wide film is laid in high ridge exit or entrance of a clitch place along limit,, then with printing opacity drip band bow film on press windproof waistband, the method is high ridge, although saving cultivated area, heat successful, but because furrow is than little, salt reduction effect is undesirable.
Therefore, in arid and semi-arid drip irrigation cotton region, such as Xinjiang cotton, how drip irrigation under film is combined with ridging ditch planting technology, utilize moisture and salt regime rule to reduce Cotton rhizosphere salt concentration, realize the high cotton yield cultivation on salt-affected soil, have important practical significance.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to salinity on arid and semi-arid district salinization soil and, on the impact of cotton growth, provide salt reduction cultivation method that is a kind of and drip irrigation economize combine with technique.
Drought-hit area salination cotton field trench sowing drip irrigation mulching and planting method provided by the invention, broadcasts front ditching, ridging, duplicate rows plantation in ditch.It is characterized in that the method is large ridge ditch, bottom of trench center line lays irrigate band, plastic mulching on it, program request on the side form of irrigate band two.Described plastic mulching mode is monofilm or two film, and wherein monofilm is plastic film mulch or the equal plastic film mulch of furrow in the exposed ditch in ridge, and two film has stretched tight at adjacent ridge end face after having sowed on above-mentioned monofilm basis spread teleblem thus form ditch room.Described teleblem cotton seedling close to time removed.The method is that dry broadcasting is wet out, drips and emerges, breeding time drip irrigation amount, the conventional under-film drip irrigation in drip irrigation frequency and one's respective area is identical.
Utilize soil salt with the characteristic of water sport, implement program request in drip irrigation plastic film mulch and film, top, ridge overlay film in field ridging trench digging, ditch.Due to plastic mulching, decrease soil evaporation, reduce the salt accumulation of topsoil soils.Again because row wide between ridge is without plastic mulching, evaporation is relatively strong, to make in soil salinity to migration and accumulation on ridge, thus reduces salt concentration in ditch, be that cotton growth creates rhizosphere low salt soil environment, promote that it grows.This method have employed water-saving drip irrigation technology and plastic mulching in addition, both water-saving irrigation was realized, the advantage of plastic film mulching cultivation can be utilized again to improve topsoil soils temperature, achieve ridging trench sowing, plastic mulching, water-saving drip irrigation triplicity, reach water saving, heat, salt reduction effect, promote cotton realize high yield.Compared with conventional ameliorative measure, using water wisely, invests little, easy to operate.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is monofilm of the present invention-furrow membrane mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is monofilm of the present invention-furrow film mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the two film-teleblem+furrow membrane mode schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the two film-teleblem+furrow film mode schematic diagram of the present invention.
Five, embodiment
This seminar has carried out enforcement and the checking of technical solution of the present invention in 2014.Implement place in Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountains Xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences through doing Manas' cotton seeds Breeding base, area 300 mu.Front stubble cotton.Farmland distributes a large amount of salinization soil, the soluble organic fraction such as main contains sodium sulfate, subterranean water level 4 meters, soil basis electric conductivity value 1.65ms.cm
-1.
Plant cotton custom in conjunction with locality, early spring, fertilizer was spread fertilizer over the fields in mechanization wholely, and per hectare spreads phosphoric acid diamines 300kg, urea 450kg.Concrete steps comprise: the steps such as the ridging that paddles, laying irrigate band, plastic film mulch, sowing, blinding, paving teleblem.Require ridge height 20cm, wide 60cm, furrow width 30cm, sowing in ditch, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm.April 28 was sowed.Irrigation in growing period amount 250 sides/mu, drips 8 times altogether.
Embodiment 1 is monofilm-furrow membrane mode, only paving monofilm in ditch, narrow film.
Embodiment 2 is monofilm-furrow film mode, and spread monofilm, wide film 1.5m with ridge in ditch, every film is across ridge two ditch, and at edge, ridge, both sides, earthing is fixed simultaneously.
Embodiment 3 is two film-teleblem+furrow membrane modes, and be from the different of embodiment 1: stretch tight after completing paving teleblem, teleblem is wide film, fabric width 1.4m, and every film is across ridge two ditch, and at edge, ridge, both sides, earthing is fixed, and forms 2, ditch room.
Embodiment 4 is two film-teleblem+furrow film modes, and be from the different of embodiment 2: stretch tight after completing paving teleblem, teleblem is wide film, fabric width 1.4m, every film is across ridge two ditch, and at edge, ridge, both sides, earthing is fixed, form 2, ditch room, and counterdie is trans-regional consistent with teleblem institute.
This test for process with 4 embodiments, and arranges the conventional under-film drip irrigation in this area and contrasts 2, is respectively monofilm tiling (CK1), two film tiling (CK2).Synchronous parallel detection is carried out to the soil temperature near rhizosphere under film and salt content, obtains test data if table 1 is to table 3.Test shows, does not ditch compared with under-film drip irrigation with routine, embodiment 4 to heat effect the most obvious, heat than two contrasts and reach 1.0-4.3 DEG C.The salt reduction effect of embodiment 4 is also remarkable, and before taking off film seedling stage, salt reduction absolute value reaches 0.32ms.cm
-1.The amount of increase in production of embodiment 4 reaches 8.3-16.4%.
Table 1 0-5cm soil temperature compares (unit: DEG C)
Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | CK1 | CK2 | |
April 29 | 26.0 | 28.7 | 27.8 | 31.5 | 27.9 | 30.7 |
April 30 | 30.5 | 35.1 | 31.3 | 34.7 | 34.3 | 37.8 |
May 1 | 26.7 | 29.5 | 30.2 | 33.9 | 29.3 | 32.2 |
May 2 | 27.2 | 27.7 | 28.4 | 32.0 | 27.8 | 30.3 |
May 3 | 22.9 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 27.1 | 23.1 | 25.5 |
May 4 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 22.7 | 25.3 | 21.0 | 23.8 |
May 5 | 25.7 | 27.7 | 25.9 | 29.8 | 26.6 | 28.8 |
Table 2 0-20cm soil layer Conductivity Ratio comparatively (unit: ms.cm-1)
Table 3 output of cotton compares
Claims (3)
1. a drought-hit area salination cotton field trench sowing drip irrigation mulching and planting method, broadcasts front ditching, ridging, and in ditch, duplicate rows plantation, is characterized in that the method is large ridge ditch, and bottom of trench center line lays irrigate band, plastic mulching on it, program request on the side form of irrigate band two; Described plastic mulching mode is monofilm or two film, and wherein monofilm is plastic film mulch or the equal plastic film mulch of furrow in the exposed ditch in ridge, and two film has stretched tight at adjacent ridge end face after having sowed on above-mentioned monofilm basis spread teleblem thus form ditch room; Described teleblem cotton seedling close to time removed; The method is that dry broadcasting is wet out, drips and emerges, breeding time drip irrigation amount, the conventional under-film drip irrigation in drip irrigation frequency and one's respective area is identical.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described ridge, the bottom size of ditch is respectively 55-60cm, 25-30cm, ridge height 15-20cm.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that described ridge, the bottom size of ditch is respectively 60cm, 30cm, ridge height 20cm, line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 9cm.
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Cited By (13)
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CN106233979A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-21 | 石河子大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil uses the implantation methods of under-film drip irrigation |
CN106613760A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 新疆恒丰现代农业科技股份有限公司 | Cotton under-plastic-film drip irrigation configuration mode for saline-alkaline land |
CN106613278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Furrow cultivation method of protected vegetables |
CN107821077A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所(河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所) | A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods |
CN107820761A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-03-23 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of dry drainage method suitable for arid region saline-alkali soil |
CN107980535A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-05-04 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of method afforested on salt-soda soil |
CN108566794A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-25 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil |
CN109169069A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | The corn planting method that degradable mulch covers under the conditions of a kind of drip surface |
CN109258346A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-25 | 艾比布·阿不拉 | A kind of greenhouse ditch canopy planting technology and its mating planting technology scheme |
CN109673193A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-26 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of alkaline land soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching system and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method |
CN110169320A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-27 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所(宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室) | A kind of salt-soda soil corn efficient cultivation method |
CN112931127A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Method for saline-alkali soil seedling stage salt control double-film mulching dripping water seedling emergence |
CN115943849A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for cultivating apocynum venetum in saline-alkali soil of arid region for resisting rust disease |
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2015
- 2015-02-06 CN CN201510070917.3A patent/CN104871754A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106233979A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-21 | 石河子大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil uses the implantation methods of under-film drip irrigation |
CN106613760A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 新疆恒丰现代农业科技股份有限公司 | Cotton under-plastic-film drip irrigation configuration mode for saline-alkaline land |
CN107820761A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-03-23 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of dry drainage method suitable for arid region saline-alkali soil |
CN106613278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-10 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Furrow cultivation method of protected vegetables |
CN107980535A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-05-04 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of method afforested on salt-soda soil |
CN107821077A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所(河北省农林科学院特种经济作物研究所) | A kind of machine of the high-end raw cotton of beach saline land adopts pattern implantation methods |
CN108566794A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-25 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | A kind of methods of cultivation in salt-soda soil |
CN109258346A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-25 | 艾比布·阿不拉 | A kind of greenhouse ditch canopy planting technology and its mating planting technology scheme |
CN109169069A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | The corn planting method that degradable mulch covers under the conditions of a kind of drip surface |
CN109673193A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-26 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of alkaline land soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching system and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method |
CN109673193B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2023-08-18 | 山东农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil salt washing system and salt washing method |
CN110169320A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-27 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所(宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室) | A kind of salt-soda soil corn efficient cultivation method |
CN112931127A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Method for saline-alkali soil seedling stage salt control double-film mulching dripping water seedling emergence |
CN115943849A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for cultivating apocynum venetum in saline-alkali soil of arid region for resisting rust disease |
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Application publication date: 20150902 |