CN104054485A - High-yield culture method for planting cotton in high-risk cotton region - Google Patents
High-yield culture method for planting cotton in high-risk cotton region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield culture method for planting cotton in a high-risk cotton region. The technology adopts double-wide-film mulching, the influence caused by low temperature, rain damage, wind damage and the like in spring on the seedling emerging is effectively resisted, and the seedling emerging is fast, regular and uniform; the multi-time intertillage and few-time chemical control technology in the seedling period is combined, the earth temperature is raised, the early emerging of strong seedlings is effectively promoted, and the seedling retaining rate and the strong seedling rate are improved; the water control is used as a main measure, the chemical control is used as an auxiliary measure, the water is saved, the pesticide is saved, and the premature senility is prevented; organic fertilizers (humic acid) and special fertilizers (special drip-irrigation fertilizers) are heavily applied, few chemical fertilizers are applied, the fertilizer effect is enhanced, and the soil and environment pollution is reduced; first watering is carried out later at proper time, the watering is stopped early, the water utilization rate is improved, and the early ripeness is promoted; top pruning is carried out early at proper time, the useless fruit branch number is reduced, the plant height is reduced, and the falling is prevented; maturity acceleration is carried out early at proper time, the harvesting can be carried out for many times in the early period, the loss rate is reduced by 5 to 10 percent, and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of crop cultivating technology, relate to 46 ° of a kind of north latitude to the north of excessive risk cotton region plant cotton high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
The scope of whole world suitable planting cotton is about north latitude 18-46 °, and between east longitude 76-124 °, the region of China suitable planting cotton is roughly also within this scope.According to region difference, China plantation cotton region can be divided into 4 large cotton regions, and wherein the Xinjiang cotton in Northwest inland cotton region is the important cotton region of planting, be also national so that in the world per unit area yield the highest plant cotton region.According to planting cotton scope, this area (Xinjiang) is applicable to planting cotton region south gets south, Kelamayi edge, and Manasi, xinjiang county is supported in north, from the east of Hami city, to Western Border of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang.To the north of 46 ° of north latitude, be high latitude area, belong to excessive risk cotton region, because Low Temperature in Spring is rainy, when strong wind hail, to attack, natural calamity takes place frequently, and is generally not suitable for plant cotton.But due to a part group close desert of this area, again at edge, basin, be subject to desert to heat the double influence of gathering temperature effect with basin, annual accumulated temperature is higher, can meet the minimum accumulated temperature requirement of cotton growth, if be equipped with suitable cultivation method and can meet the growth demand of special Shine Early cotton, and this area is existing in recent years plants cotton history.But due to this district's sandy ground and saline land area relatively large, in addition Cotton Production mode fall behind, insemination and emergence peak period is subject to the impact of the factors such as weather, soil and manpower larger, approximately more than 85% plot can not go out full stand.Insemination and emergence is of poor quality, and cotton growth is slow, and unit yield is low, has restricted the flourish of this area's Cotton Industry, has affected worker's income and expanding economy.Therefore, to the north of 46 ° of north latitude, the research of special early-maturity cotton high-yield culture technique is carried out in excessive risk cotton region, be conducive to resist the impact of natural calamity on cotton, increase output of cotton, the worker's of this area multi-source is increased income with this area's expanding economy and had great importance.In addition, because cotton is planted in a lot of old cotton regions, Xinjiang throughout the year, continuous cropping is serious, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and Plastic-film pollution is serious, cause these area portion cotton field underproduction serious, no longer be applicable to plant cotton, but in order to ensure the area of cotton in Xinjiang, the stability of Cotton Production, even if these regional output are very low still at plant cotton, seriously run counter to the strategy of sustainable development of cotton.Though but north latitude 46 ° of northern areas in Xinjiang are excessive risk cotton region new cotton region, soil characteristics is good, and damage by disease and insect is few, is to expand cotton region, develops this cotton region Cotton Industry, and to stablizing the cotton area of planting of Xinjiang region, the sustainable development of cotton all has positive effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to break the history that can not plant high-yield cotton to the north of 46 ° of North SinKiang north latitude, solving part group of this area field natural calamity in spring takes place frequently, summer and autumn temperature shakiness cause emerging poor, a little less than growing way, ripe evening, yield poorly, the series of problems such as poor quality, for the technology such as biological property and mitigation high yield of special early-maturity cotton kind, propose a kind of high-yield culture technique in the special precocious upland cotton of high latitude excessive risk cotton region plantation, reach the object of high latitude area plantation High yield cotton to the north of 46 ° of North SinKiang north latitude.
A cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk cotton region, comprises the following steps:
(1), soil select, 0-20cm soil layer organic matter >=0.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=20mg/kg, available potassium >=160mg/kg, total salt amount≤0.4% of soil, total nitrogen content >=0.08%;
(2), soil prepares, early November in the first year plows, degree of depth 25-30cm levels land after plowing in time, carries out a winter irrigation after wholely complete, irrigation quantity is 150-200m
3/ mu, before sowing, mends missible oil 200-300/ mu gram or 150 grams/acre of weedings of 48% trifluralin ec with 33% the field of executing, and executes the mixed soil of rear shallow rake, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 3cm-5cm, and strict demand is accomplished not weigh and is leaked;
(3), select kind, select the special precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, require kind good stress resistance, disease resistance is strong, seedling stage, growing way was powerful, prematurity is good, breeding time is short, at 110-125 days;
(4), broadcast front fertilising, before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer humic acid 20kg/ mu, lack zinc plot compensating fertilizer zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu and make base manure;
(5), planting after plastic covered, seeds before seeding is carried out dressing; In 5-20 day in April, in the time that 5cm ground temperature under film 3 days is above continually and steadily more than 12 DEG C, start sowing, seeding method adopts two films to cover, the large film that inner membrance is 120cm, film first essence amount or precision point sowing, upper 2 membranelles or 1 the large film that covers 30cm of sowing row, three film 12 row, machine cotton picking pattern: (10+66) × 9.5cm, handing-over row 66cm, average row is apart from 38cm, and the mu amount of broadcasting is controlled in 3 kilograms; Sowing depth, with 1.5-2cm, is sowed capable not earthing or earthing 0.5cm; Inner membrance is both sides earthing only, and adventitia, except the earthing of both sides, is pressed a spade soil in centre every 1 meter, the current soil of 2-3 rice front cover; In sowing, lay in time dry,, hollow billet;
(6), broadcast rear field management, broadcast the two wide film laying of the membrane quality of rear inspection, connect broken end, press film limit, seal without native fenestra, clean face, the polishing edge of a field, rand;
(7), ooze Miao Shui, start to ooze Miao Shui, the amount of dripping 25-30m after completing pipe
3/ mu, invasive depth reaches 30cm;
(8), seeding stage intertillage, drip off 3-5 days after the water of emerging, carry out first pass intertillage, tilling depth 10-12cm, protective strip 10cm;
(9), take off film and put seedling, when cotton emergence rate reach 70% or 50% above seedling cotyledon part oneself in the time withstanding face, start from be tilted on one side another side take off above a skim, ensureing that face is clean has enough lighting surfaces, and the cotton seedling of liberation dislocation subsequently; Take off after film just to the capable grave mound that starts of seedling, in 1-3 days, complete the capable grave mound thickness of seedling 1-1.5cm on film, width 2.5-3cm; After grave mound, intertill for the second time in time tilling depth 13-15cm, protective strip 10cm;
(10), final singling, 1 leaf period starts final singling, stays by force a little less than going, and forbids to stay two pearls, in 2-3 days, completes, 2 leaf period final singlings finish; Intertill for the third time afterwards tilling depth 16-18cm, protective strip 8cm;
(11), seedling management, if on the ground cauline leaf grew slow, 1-2 urea 150-200g/ mu of foliage-spray, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250g/ mu; If cauline leaf over growth, sprays the control of 1 mepiquat chloride 0.2-0.5g/ mu on the ground, the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control and fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface; The 4th time intertillage of 3 leaf periods, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Artificial uprooting weed 1 time;
(12), flower bud period management, the flower bud phase sprays the control of 1-2 mepiquat chloride 1.0-3.0g/ mu; The subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control; The 5th time intertillage of 5-6 sheet leaf period, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Drip 3 times, front twice amount of dripping 30m at every turn
3/ mu, the amount of dripping 35m for the third time
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 3 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu;
(13), flowering and boll-setting period management, flowering and boll-setting period 6-7 platform fruit branch or 26-July 10 June pinch; Before pinching, spray mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu 1 time; Drip 5 times, front twice amount of dripping 35-40m at every turn
3/ mu, third and fourth time be the amount of dripping 40-45m at every turn
3/ mu, the 5th amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 5 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, front special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, the humic acid 3kg/ mu of using for twice, urea 2kg/ mu, third and fourth time used special fertilizer 8kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 3kg/ mu, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu for the 5th time, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu; Once micro-fertile 200g/ mu of foliage-spray before pinching or after pinching, the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control, artificial uprooting weed 1 time;
(14), term of opening bolls management, drip 1 time, the amount of dripping 20-30m before the blow-of-cottons of full field
3/ mu, cuts off the water afterwards; Apply fertilizer 1 time, execute with water droplet, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu;
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, during seedling management, does not water, and in the time being occurred by damage caused by a drought, 20m waters
3/ mu once.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, after pinching, within 20 days, prunes in the Hua Ling management phase, within after pinching 5-7 days, sprays mepiquat chloride 13.0-15.0g/ mu 1 time again.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, and the content of the micro-fertile boron that sprays before pinching in the Hua Ling management phase or after pinching, zinc, manganese is more than 50%.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, cotton field in the time that cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches 25-40%, and when the average day temperature of 3-5 is more than 18 DEG C continuously, spray disleave, ripener carries out machine and gathers; If manually gather, do not beat disleave, ripener.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, artificial uprooting weed 1 time before gathering.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, and described disleave, ripener be ethrel and de-tell grandly, and its consumption is respectively: 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels, de-ly tell grand 15 grams/acre.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, and when spraying ethrel and de-telling after grand one week, cotton defoliation, the DeGrain that accelerates the ripening, spray once again.
Cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk as above cotton region, carries out whole ground after gathering, and picks up in time residual film after results, regains irrigate band, and also field of powder bar, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, whole ground, winter irrigation.
Cultivation method provided by the invention, can solve 46 ° of North SinKiang north latitude to the north of excessive risk cotton region natural calamity in spring take place frequently, sowing is difficult, sowing causes emerging poor evening, and a little less than growing way, cotton growth middle and later periods temperature is fluctuated, cotton growth is unstable, ripe evening grade for series of problems.Not only can plant high-yield cotton in this area, can also improve output of cotton and quality, cotton level is planted in field by raising group, increases group field and worker's income.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, will the technical scheme in the present invention be clearly and completely described below, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of high-yield culture technique in the special precocious upland cotton of high latitude area plantation, realize to the north of 46 ° of high latitude areas, North SinKiang and create high yield under excessive risk cotton region climate and Effect of Natural Disaster condition.Its high-yield cultivating method is:
(1), soil select, 0-20cm soil layer organic matter >=0.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=20mg/kg, available potassium >=160mg/kg, total salt amount≤0.4% of soil, total nitrogen content >=0.08%;
(2), soil prepares, early November in the first year plows, degree of depth 25-30cm levels land after plowing in time, carries out a winter irrigation after wholely complete, irrigation quantity is 150-200m
3/ mu, before sowing, mends 200-300 gram/acre of missible oil or 150 grams/acre of weedings of 48% trifluralin ec with 33% the field of executing, and executes the mixed soil of rear shallow rake, and the degree of depth of raking the soil level 3cm-5cm, is strict with to accomplish not weigh and leaks;
(3), select kind, select the special precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, require kind good stress resistance, disease resistance is strong, seedling stage, growing way was powerful, prematurity is good, breeding time is short, at 110-125 days;
(4), broadcast front fertilising, before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer humic acid 20kg/ mu, lack zinc plot compensating fertilizer zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu and make base manure;
(5), planting after plastic covered, seeds before seeding is carried out dressing; In 5-20 day in April, in the time that 5cm ground temperature under film 3 days is above continually and steadily more than 12 DEG C, start sowing, seeding method adopts two films to cover, the large film that inner membrance is 120cm, film first essence amount or precision point sowing, upper 2 membranelles or 1 the large film that covers 30cm of sowing row, three film 12 row, machine cotton picking pattern: (10+66) × 9.5cm, handing-over row 66cm, average row is apart from 38cm, and the mu amount of broadcasting is controlled in 3 kilograms; Sowing depth, with 1.5-2cm, is sowed capable not earthing or earthing 0.5cm, does not directly withstand face after guaranteeing to emerge, have certain slow seedling space, inner membrance is both sides earthing only, and adventitia is except the earthing of both sides, press a spade soil in centre every 1 meter, the current soil of 2-3 rice front cover, completes under-film drip irrigation band when sowing;
(6), broadcast rear field management, broadcast the two wide film laying of the membrane quality of rear inspection, connect broken end, press film limit, seal without native fenestra, clean face, the polishing edge of a field, rand; Lay dry,, hollow billet, note dry,, the connection of hollow billet, prevent from leaking;
(7), tubing, lay in time dry,, hollow billet, note dry,, the connection of hollow billet, prevent from leaking;
(8), ooze Miao Shui, start to ooze Miao Shui, the amount of dripping 25-30m after completing pipe
3/ mu, invasive depth reaches 30cm;
(9), seeding stage intertillage, drip off 3-5 days after the water of emerging, carry out first pass intertillage, tilling depth 10-12cm, protective strip 10cm;
(10), take off film and put seedling, when cotton emergence rate reach 70% or 50% above seedling cotyledon part oneself in the time withstanding face, start from be tilted on one side another side take off above a skim, ensureing that face is clean has enough lighting surfaces, and the cotton seedling of liberation dislocation subsequently; Take off after film just to the capable grave mound that starts of seedling, in 1-3 days, complete the capable grave mound thickness of seedling 1-1.5cm on film, width 2.5-3cm; After grave mound, intertill for the second time in time tilling depth 13-15cm, protective strip 10cm;
(11), final singling, 1 leaf period starts final singling, stays by force a little less than going, and forbids to stay two pearls, in 2-3 days, completes, 2 leaf period final singlings finish; Intertill for the third time afterwards tilling depth 16-18cm, protective strip 8cm;
(12), seedling management, if on the ground cauline leaf grew slow, 1-2 urea 150-200g/ mu of foliage-spray, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250g/ mu; If cauline leaf over growth, sprays the control of 1 mepiquat chloride 0.2-0.5g/ mu on the ground; The subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control and fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface; Truly have damage caused by a drought, can take the circumstances into consideration the 20m that waters
3/ mu once; The 4th time intertillage of 3 leaf periods, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Artificial uprooting weed 1 time;
(13), flower bud period management, the flower bud phase sprays the control of 1-2 mepiquat chloride 1.0-3.0g/ mu; The subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control; The 5th time intertillage of 5-6 sheet leaf period, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Drip 3 times, front twice amount of dripping 30m at every turn
3/ mu, the amount of dripping 35m for the third time
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 3 times, execute (execute and refer to that fertilizer mixes with water with water droplet, fertilizer drips together by a tank described in aforementioned) with water droplet at every turn, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu;
(14), flowering and boll-setting period management, flowering and boll-setting period 6-7 platform fruit branch or 26-July 10 June pinch, and pinch and can prune for latter 20 days; Before pinching, spray mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu 1 time, within after pinching 5-7 days, can spray again 1 time mepiquat chloride 13.0-15.0g/ mu; Drip 5 times, front twice amount of dripping 35-40m at every turn
3/ mu, third and fourth time be the amount of dripping 40-45m at every turn
3/ mu, the 5th amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 5 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, front special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, the humic acid 3kg/ mu of using for twice, urea 2kg/ mu, third and fourth time used special fertilizer 8kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 3kg/ mu, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu for the 5th time, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu; Before and after pinching, once micro-fertilizer (boracic, zinc, manganese are more) 200g/ mu of foliage-spray, attaches the insecticide harmless to natural enemy, manually uprooting weed 1 time when eachization control;
(15), term of opening bolls management, drip 1 time, the amount of dripping 20-30m before the blow-of-cottons of full field
3/ mu, cuts off the water afterwards; Apply fertilizer 1 time, execute with water droplet, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu;
(16), gather in the crops artificial uprooting weed 1 time before results; If machine is gathered, (cotton field is in the time that cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches 25-40% to gather in the crops first about 20 days, and when continuously the average day temperature of 3-5 is more than 18 DEG C) spray 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels, de-ly tell grand 15 grams/acre, within one week, rear bad selection of effect sprays once again; Blow-of-cottons reach 95% to carry out machine for the first time and adopts, and blow-of-cottons reach 100% machine for the second time of can selecting to carry out and adopt.If manually gather, do not beat defoliant and ripener, also can select to spray 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels, can repeatedly gather.
(17), whole ground after receiving, after results, pick up in time residual film, regain irrigate band, also field of powder bar, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, whole ground, winter irrigation.
Particularly, below, above-mentioned steps is carried out to specific explanations.
(1) soil is selected
Select preserve moisture and fertility ability stronger soil, land readjustment, irrigation condition is good, ensures to irrigate in time, and it is light or without disease pest and weed bar field that sick worm, weeds occur.The soil texture is best with loam and light loam, clay and light weight sand soil, and slight alkaline land also can.No matter which kind of soil property, requires 0-20cm soil layer organic matter >=0.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=20mg/kg, available potassium >=160mg/kg, total salt amount≤0.4% of soil, total nitrogen content >=0.08%;
(2) soil is prepared
Carry out autumn ploughing winter irrigation, plow immediately after crop harvesting the first year, should carry out every field preparation of mechanical work before plowing, and suitable moisture in the soil is entered car and plowed.The correct direction and the method that open and close ridge grasped, has pulled the line of fall, notes turning over upturned soil neatly open and flat while plowing, and button upturned soil is tight does not reveal, the degree of depth of plowing 25-30cm.After plowing, level land in time according to whole ground 6 sign standards.Before and after plowing, before and after whole ground, should repeatedly pick up residual film on the field, stubble before sowing, strive reaching sowing front field face cleaning, to guarantee seeding quality.After wholely complete, carry out a winter irrigation, reduce sick worm harm in the coming year, give sowing and emerge and create good soil condition.Before sowing, mu is mended 200-300 gram of missible oil or 150 grams of weedings of 48% trifluralin ec with 33% the field of executing, and is used alternatingly weed killer herbicide between year, executes the mixed soil of rear shallow rake, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 3cm-5cm, and the measure of all whole ground is accomplished not leak not heavy, arrives to the end limit.
(3) kind is selected
Select the special precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, require kind good stress resistance, disease resistance is strong, and seedling stage, growing way was powerful, and prematurity is good, and breeding time is short, better at 110-125 days.
(4) planting after plastic covered
Before broadcasting, carry out seed treatment work, seed purity, cleanliness, germination rates etc. meet sowing requirement, carry out seed pelleting before broadcasting.Sowing date for early sowing, in the time that 5cm ground temperature under film is stabilized in more than 5 DEG C for 3 days above, start sowing, generally April 5-20 be optimum sowing time.Seeding method adopts two films to cover, three film 12 row, machine cotton picking pattern: (10+66) × 9.5cm, inner membrance is the large film of 120cm, 2 membranelles (adventitia) of the upper 30cm of covering of sowing row (or wait the two wide films coverings of width, interior adventitia is large film, fabric width is 120cm, program request on film), handing-over row 66cm, average row is apart from 38cm, theoretical strain number 18400 strains of mu, reach results strain and count 1.5-1.6 ten thousand strains, half essence amount (1-2 grain/cave) or precision drilling (1/cave), the mu amount of broadcasting is controlled in 3 kilograms.Sowing depth is advisable with 1.5-2cm, sows capable not earthing or earthing 0.5cm, does not directly withstand face after guaranteeing to emerge, and has certain slow seedling space, and inner membrance is both sides earthing only, and adventitia, except the earthing of both sides, is pressed a spade soil in centre every 1 meter, the current soil of 2-3 rice front cover.When sowing, complete under-film drip irrigation band.The irrigate band shallow embedding of method can take to(for) air port and the heavier cotton field of sand, prevents from being subject to the impact of disaster caused by a windstorm.Seeding quality carries out on request.
(5) field management
Broadcast rear management.Check the two film laying of the membrane quality of size, connect broken end, press film limit, seal without native fenestra, cleaning face, the polishing edge of a field, rand.Can effectively prevent the natural calamities such as Low Temperature in Spring, disaster caused by a windstorm, rain evil on the impact of emerging.
Tubing.Lay in time dry,, hollow billet, note dry,, the connection of hollow billet, prevent from leaking.
Ooze Miao Shui.If completing after pipe weather better gets started and oozes Miao Shui, the amount of dripping 20-30m
3/ mu, invasive depth reaches 30cm.
Take off film and put seedling.When cotton emergence rate reach 70% or 50% above seedling cotyledon part oneself in the time withstanding face, start from be tilted on one side another side take off above one deck membranelle, the soil on membranelle is taken off outside film, enough lighting surfaces in ensureing that face is clean and having, and the cotton seedling of liberation dislocation.
Grave mound.After taking off film, start immediately grave mound, artificial grave mound or use mechanical grave mound, requires just to the capable grave mound of seedling, in 1-3 days, complete, and the capable grave mound thickness of seedling 1-1.5cm on film, width 2.5-3cm, accomplishes that fenestra grave mound is tight, maintenance face is bright and clean.
Final singling.1 leaf period starts final singling, stays by force a little less than going, and forbids to stay two pearls, in 2-3 days, completes, and 2 leaf period final singlings finish.
It is complete, neat, even, strong that seedling management target reaches, and early send out short strong sprout.
Intertillage.Drip off and emerge after water, locomotive can enter ground, generally, about April 20, carries out first pass intertillage, tilling depth 10-12cm, protective strip 10cm; Once intertilled every about 7-10 days afterwards, tilling depth increases 3cm at every turn, and being increased to 22cm is not increasing, and protective strip remains on 8cm left and right, generally will carry out 4-5 intertillage, until envelope is held together.
Science integration regulation and control.Adhere to that the principle of " water control is main for short control combination, the control while urge, change control be auxiliary " carries out comprehensive regulation.
Seedling stage, ground temperature was lower, and cotton seedling poor growth is forbidden to promote its cauline leaf growth on the ground by watering, fertilizing repeatedly, causes rotten, seedling death phenomenon in order to avoid temperature is too low.Should be to urge root as master control leaf is as auxiliary, pass through grave mound, intertillage and control water improve ground temperature, promote underground root system and the growth of cauline leaf on the ground, if cauline leaf was grown slow on the ground, ground cauline leaf over growth can increase 1-2 short its growth of Foliar Spraying, if can spray 1 mepiquat chloride 0.2-0.5g/ mu and suppress its too fast growth.After the flower bud phase, temperature is gone up to some extent, cotton seedling growth rate is accelerated, cotton enters the two prosperous periods of growing, should be taking water control as mainization control is as auxiliary, the control while urging, spray 1-2 mepiquat chloride 1.0-3.0g/ mu and suppress the too fast growth of acrial part by spray foliage fertilizer and postpone and fill with a water Fertigation and promote its whole strain growth, be aided with simultaneously.Before pinching, can spray 1 mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu and suppress top advantage, what growing way was prosperous can heavily control, the poor cotton field of growing way can gently be controlled, but must control, increase liquid manure provides the required moisture of cotton growth and nutrition simultaneously, within after pinching 5-7 days, can spray 1 mepiquat chloride 13.0-15.0g/ mu and carry out chemistry control eventually.Full field blow-of-cottons were cut off the water and carry out water control control eventually the day before yesterday.
Timely and appropriate discovery is poured water.Pour water and adopt under-film drip irrigation mode, general principle is " pour water as required, on a small quantity repeatedly, timely and appropriate discovery, postpones in good time and fill with a water, fills with in advance and finishes water ".
Specific practice is to implement to broadcast a front winter irrigation, broadcasts the rear filling water of once emerging, and pours water the time of infertility and follows the principle of " two is light, middle heavy ".General mu drops into total Water (comprising winter irrigation) 500-550m
3, the time of infertility, mu dropped into total Water 360-400m
3, to pour water 10-11 time, each mu drips amount 25-45m
3.Broadcast preplanting treatment and carry out a winter irrigation after complete, irrigation quantity is 150-200m
3/ mu, the water of once emerging for after planting 3-5 days is irrigated, the amount of dripping 25-30m
3/ mu, generally do not pour water seedling stage, truly has damage caused by a drought to irrigate as one sees fit once, the amount of dripping 25-30m
3/ mu, generally starts water dropper water at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May after the flower bud phase, drips once afterwards, at every turn the amount of dripping 35-45m according to cotton law of needing the water every 7-10 days
3/ mu, accomplishes the not water breakthrough that drips when irrigation, forbid generation footpath, earth's surface flow phenomenon, and soil sand is heavier, soil moisture conservation is poor, can drip the time by proper extension, and invasive depth is advisable with 40cm; Before the blow-of-cottons of full field, late August is filled with last water, the amount of dripping 20-25m
3/ mu.
The rational application of fertilizers of holostrome multimode.Fertilising general principle is " fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combine, and spread fertilizer over the fields, and spray and drip fertilising to combine, and base fertilising and dressing fertilizer combine, and azophoska and micro-fertilizer combine, and special fertilizer and common fertilizer combine ".
Specific practice is to implement omnidistance fertilising, and base manure is to spread fertilizer over the fields as main, and seedling stage, other periods, the principle of " two is light, middle heavy " was followed in fertilising in the time of infertility to drip Shi Weizhu taking foliage-spray as main.General mu drops into total fertile amount (comprising base manure) 100-120 kilogram, amounts to mark fertile 200-240 kilogram, and the time of infertility, mu dropped into total fertile amount 80-100 kilogram, amounted to mark fertile 180-200 kilogram, N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.45:0.1, amounts to 26 kgs/acre of purity nitrogens, pure P
2o
5: 13.2 kgs/acre, pure K
2o:3.7 kg/acre.Before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer humic acid 20kg/ mu, lack zinc plot compensating fertilizer zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu and make base manure, seedling stage, foliage-spray 2-3 time was executed urea 150-200g/ mu at every turn, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250g/ mu can drip as required and execute zinc fertilizer 300g/ mu.After the flower bud phase, execute mixed once fertilizer according to cotton regulation of fertilizer requirement (unequal distribute fertilizing amount) every 7-10 days with water droplet, ensure to accomplish fertilely to walk with water.Each fertilising is mainly irrigate special fertilizer as main to drip, comprise drip irrigation special fertilizer 5-8kg/ mu, humic acid 3-5kg/ mu, urea 2-3kg/ mu is (when dropper fertilizer, employing two is light, middle heavy principle, few with last fertilizing amount several times several times before, and middle fertilizing amount is few, while management as above-mentioned steps flowering and boll-setting period, adopt and " apply fertilizer 5 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, the front special fertilizer 5kg/ mu that uses for twice, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu, the 3rd, use special fertilizer 8kg/ mu for four times, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 3kg/ mu, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu for the 5th time, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu "), once micro-fertilizer (boracic, zinc, manganese are more) 200g/ mu of foliage-spray before and after pinching, in the time of flowering and boll-setting period, suitable to cotton field growing way and regulation of fertilizer requirement, increase mu and drip a fertile quantity.
Early pinch and early prune in good time.Adhere to the principle in " time to not waiting branch, branch is not when waiting, the light later stage in early stage is heavy ", early within 4-5 days, pinch in good time.
Manually pinch and pinch when 5-6 platform fruit branch in 26-July 10 June, after pinching, plant height is controlled at 55-65cm.Finished before 20 days on strike-on top.Front 1-2 days destroys the top heart while pinching, after pinching 2 days, destroying a leaf wholeheartedly (needs 2-3 days owing to manually pinching).If cotton field growing way is more prosperous, starts to pinch and just adhere to a leaf wholeheartedly.First beat growing way Pian Wang cotton field, beat afterwards growing way cotton field on the weak side.While pinching, bring and pick up flower bag, by lay top take out of outside field buried.Late July,, top fruit branch partially prosperous to growing way and bottom leaf branch extend more cotton field, carry out and beat except the training work such as escenter and " de-trouser legs ", and 1-5 day in August is wiped out invalid bud and escenter with Hua Weijie.Should carrying out control work before and after pinching, specific practice can be with reference to comprehensive regulation part.
Comprehensive disease pest and weed control.Adhere to the general policy of " put prevention first, integrated control, agricultural and biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion are main, physics chemoprevention is auxiliary, joint defence is main, classified control technology ".
Rationally crop allocation, plantation Resistant cotton variety, takes charge of the source control of wintering pest grass severely, strengthens disease pest and weed investigation, blocks in time edge of a field rand, creates cotton field surrounding boundary belt.Should take joint defence measure for field pest control; discovery center strain in time; the method of preventing and treating control spot film by " pull out, smear, spray " endangers; adequately protect and utilize natural enemy; gain pest controlling; Scientific Usage of Drugs is chosen and is controlled, and the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control, if desired can large area dispenser.Should strengthen crop rotation for field disease control, carry out seed quarantine work, select disease-resistant disease tolerant variety, it endangers before broadcasting, to carry out the aggregate measures controls such as seed treatment.Should carry out the prevention work before sowing for crop smothering, the work of preventing and kill off after results, can be before broadcasting or results after herbicide spraying, but breeding time planted agent manually to pull out as main, must guard against random spraying herbicide, in order to avoid cause poisoning.
(6) early accelerate the ripening in good time, Multiple harvests early time.Harvest time main goal of attack: short precocious, anti-early ageing, increases bell weight, improves quality, plucks evening in good time.
Before results, prepare.Before the blow-of-cottons prerequisite of full field, cut off the water, pull out weeds in field, planisher bus or train route, arranges roping vehicle and roping route properly.The less labour of general area adopts artificial Softening when sufficient, otherwise adopts mechanical harvest, and no matter which kind of harvesting approach, adheres to early harvest, and Multiple harvests principle, cuts the waste, and increases output.
Machine cotton picking field treats that cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches 25-40% left and right, and when the average day temperature of 3-5 is more than 18 DEG C continuously, generally in 1-5 day in September, sprays 40% ethrel 100-120 gram/acre, de-ly tells grand 10-15 gram/acre.Can spray again in 12-16 day in September the ethrel 120-150 gram/acre of a time 40% if bad weather drug effect is poor, take off and tell grand 15-18 gram/acre.If meeting moderate rain or heavy rain after medicine in 10 hours should fill spray.Blow-of-cottons start to pluck for the first time after reaching 90%, and blow-of-cottons start to pluck for the second time after reaching 100%, strive for that pick up rate reaches 100%.
If can accelerate the ripening in hand getting cotton field, growing way is partially prosperous, really need to accelerate the ripening generally at withered frost first about 25 days, and when in 3-5 days, the maximum air temperature is more than 18 DEG C continuously, sprays 40% ethrel 100-120 gram/acre and urges precocity.Dispenser requires to spray evenly, is sprayed on as far as possible on cotton boll.Organize labour, reach 20% left and right in the full field of early and middle ten days in September blow-of-cottons rate and start first pass and gather, pluck and want strict classification, accomplish that four points of Sibais, six are not with, prevent the mixed inferior grade of incorporating.Gathered once every 10-15 days afterwards, until pluck clean.
(7) whole ground after receiving.After cotton harvesting, pick up in time residual film, regain irrigate band, also field of powder bar, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, whole ground, and winter irrigation, for producing ready the coming year.
By the method described in the present invention, the special precocious Upland Cotton of excessive risk cotton region plantation to the north of 46 ° of Xinjiang north latitude, results strain number reaches 1.4-1.6 ten thousand strains, individual plant bell is counted 5-7, single bell weighs 5～5.5 grams, ginning outturn 40-44%, and before frost, flower rate is more than 96%, seed cotton yield reaches 390-420kg/ mu, and lint yield can reach 160-180kg/ mu.
Test in the present embodiment was arranged in 184 of the tenth teachers of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang (46 ° of 02 ' 30 " 46 ° 23 ' 30 " N in 2011 1 years; 86 ° 13 '-86 ° 28 ' E), experiment material is the special early-maturing variety in North SinKiang " early No. 36, new land, 801 ", within 2011-2012, connects worker Huang Yuanqing 2-21 ground respectively at 184 8,5 connect more than worker and build waste a pipeful of ground, new east, and 6 connect mono-point of dry eastern 6-8 ground of worker Zhang Zhonggui.Manage according to the inventive method, cultivated area is respectively 160 mu, 148 mu and 85 mu.Contrast is 8 to connect worker Hu Hongjun 2-22 ground, plants 170 mu of areas, and 5 connect waste a pipeful of ground, worker Chen Xin state east, plant area 105,6 and connect mono-point of dry eastern 6-7 ground of worker Yu Jianrong, plant area 60.Contrast according to peasant household voluntarily cultivation management method manage.
Embodiment 1:
In a high-yield culture technique for the special precocious upland cotton of high latitude excessive risk cotton region plantation, 184 8 of 2011-2012 connect worker Huang Yuanqing 2-21 ground, comprise following step:
(1) soil is selected
Experimental field, stubble is cotton, and the soil texture is clay, 0-20cm soil layer organic matter >=0.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=20mg/kg, available potassium >=160mg/kg, total salt amount≤0.4% of soil, total nitrogen content >=0.08%.Land readjustment, irrigation condition is good, can ensure to irrigate in time, and without blight history, sick worm, weeds occur lighter.
(2) soil is prepared
Experimental field carry out autumn ploughing winter irrigation, carried out immediately beating bar and hug film after in late October, 2011 cotton harvesting, early November plows, and degree of depth 30cm levels land after plowing in time, carries out a winter irrigation after wholely complete, and irrigation quantity is 150m
3/ mu.Before sowing on April 6th, 2012, mu is mended 200 grams of missible oil with 33% the field of executing, and executes the mixed soil of rear shallow rake, and the degree of depth of raking the soil level 5cm, is strict with to accomplish not weigh and leaks.
(3) kind is selected
Select the special precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang " early No. 36, new land ", kind good stress resistance, seedling stage, growing way was powerful, and prematurity is good, anti-blight, resistance to verticillium wilt, breeding time, single bell weighed 5.5 at 123 days, ginning outturn 42%.
(4) planting after plastic covered
Before broadcasting, carry out seed treatment work, seed purity, cleanliness, germination rates etc. meet sowing requirement.Seeds before seeding is carried out dressing, to prevent rotten kind and damage by disease and insect in seedling stage.April 5 in 2012, in the time that being stabilized in more than 12 DEG C, 5cm ground temperature under film starts sowing.Seeding method adopts the two films of size to cover, inner membrance is the large film of 120cm, program request on film, upper 2 membranelles (adventitia) that cover 30cm of sowing row, three film 12 row, machine cotton picking pattern: (10+66) × 9.5cm, handing-over row 66cm, average row is apart from 38cm, theoretical strain number 18400 strains of mu, reach 1.5 ten thousand strains of results strain number, semi-accuracy seeding (1-2 grain/cave), the mu amount of broadcasting is controlled in 3 kilograms.Sowing depth, with 1.5-2cm, is sowed capable not earthing, and inner membrance is both sides earthing only, and adventitia, except the earthing of both sides, is pressed a spade soil in centre every 1 meter, the current soil of 2-3 rice front cover.When sowing, complete under-film drip irrigation band.
(5) broadcast rear management
Broadcast the two wide film laying of the membrane quality of rear inspection, connect broken end, press film limit, seal without native fenestra, cleaning face, the polishing edge of a field, rand.Lay in time dry,, hollow billet, April 15 oozed Miao Shui, in 2 days, dripped off the water of emerging, the amount of dripping 25m
3/ mu, invasive depth reaches 30cm.April 20, when cotton emergence rate reach 70% and seedling cotyledon part oneself in the time withstanding face, start from be tilted on one side another side take off above a skim, in 2 days, taken off, ensureing that face is clean has enough lighting surfaces, and the cotton seedling of liberation dislocation subsequently.April 21, mechanical grave mound, sealed in 2 days, grave mound thickness 1.5cm, and width 2.5cm, accomplishes that fenestra grave mound is tight, keeps face bright and clean.May 15 started final singling, stayed by force a little less than going, and forbade to stay two pearls, and May 20 has determined.
(6) repeatedly intertillage
Drip off and emerge after water, locomotive can enter ground, at first pass intertillage on April 25, tilling depth 10-12cm, protective strip 10cm; At second time intertillage on May 5, tilling depth 12-15cm, protective strip 8cm; At the 3rd time intertillage on May 14, tilling depth 15-18cm, protective strip 8cm; In the 4th time intertillage in May 24, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm, in the 5th time intertillage in June 5, tilling depth 18-22cm, large row envelope is only held together.
(7) small amount control
Mepiquat chloride 0.2g/ mu of seedling spraying on May 10 suppresses its too fast growth.After the flower bud phase, temperature is gone up to some extent, and cotton seedling growth rate is accelerated, and cotton enters the two prosperous periods of growing, and sprays 1 mepiquat chloride 2.0g/ mu on June 10 and suppresses the too fast growth of acrial part.Pinching June 25 sprays 1 mepiquat chloride 4.0g/ mu for first 3 days and suppresses top advantage, and 28-29 day in June pinches, and within after pinching 5-7 days, sprays 1 mepiquat chloride 15.0g/ mu and carries out chemistry control eventually.
(8) the few centre, two of pouring water is as required many, and slow water early finishes water
Mu drops into total Water 550m
3, the time of infertility, mu dropped into total Water 360m
3/ mu, pours water 11 times, and each mu drips amount 25-40m
3/ mu, truly has damage caused by a drought to take the circumstances into consideration moisturizing and irrigates once, the amount of dripping 25m May 15 seedling stage
3/ mu, after buddingging May 30 water dropper water, the amount of dripping 30m
3/ mu, dripped once according to about the every 7-10 of cotton law of needing the water days afterwards, drip June 3 times, front twice June 7 and June 16 days the amount of dripping 30m at every turn
3/ mu, for the third time June 25 amount of dripping 30-35m
3/ mu.Drip July 3 times, front twice July 4 and July 13 days, the at every turn amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu, for the third time July 23 amount of dripping 40-45m
3/ mu.Drip August 3 times, for the first time August 2 amount of dripping 40-45m
3/ mu, for the second time August 12 amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu, August 24 for the third time, the amount of dripping 20m
3/ mu, cuts off the water afterwards.
(9) holostrome multimode fertilising
Mu drops into total fertile amount (comprising base manure) 100-120 kilogram, amounts to mark fertile 200-240 kilogram, and the time of infertility, mu dropped into 80 kilograms of total fertile amounts, amounted to fertile 180 kilograms of mark, N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.4:0.1, amounts to 26 kgs/acre of purity nitrogens, pure P
2o
5: 13.2 kgs/acre, pure K
2o:3.7 kg/acre.Before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer humic acid 20kg/ mu, compensating fertilizer zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu makees base manure, May 10 seedling stage and 2 urea 150g/ mus of foliage-spray on May 25, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g/ mu, zinc fertilizer 300g/ mu.After buddingging, to start band when 30 water dropper water fertile May, executes mixed once fertilizer according to about the every 7-10 of cotton regulation of fertilizer requirement days with water droplet later, drips altogether fertile 10 times, ensures to accomplish that fertilizer walks with water.Each fertilizer that drips is mainly irrigate special fertilizer as main to drip, and comprises drip irrigation special fertilizer 5-8kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2-3kg/ mu, once micro-fertilizer (boracic, zinc, manganese are more) 200g/ mu of foliage-spray before and after pinching.
(10) the timely training of early pinching
Manually pinch June 28 when 5-6 platform fruit branch, 2 end of day.Strike-on on July 15 top, plant height 60cm after pinching.Early August,, top fruit branch partially prosperous to growing way and bottom leaf branch extend more region, carry out and beat except escenter and " de-trouser legs " work.
(11) omnidistance disease pest and weed control
Eachization control and the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy while spraying foliage fertilizer, mid-May and large area dispenser mid-July twice, each dispenser and changing is carried out together with controlling, at every turn repetitive administration same medicament not.Corresponding disease is not found in field, sprays 33% the field of executing and mend missible oil 200 grams/acre of weedings once, artificial uprooting weed 2 times in breeding time before sowing.
(12) the in good time repeatedly mechanical harvest that early accelerates the ripening earlier
Spray 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels on September 5th, 2012, de-ly tell grand 15 grams/acre.Blow-of-cottons reached 95% and carried out machine for the first time and adopt October 12, and blow-of-cottons reached 100% and carried out machine for the second time and adopt October 23, and 2 times pick up rate all reaches 100%, per mu yield seed cotton yield 410kg, gined cotton 164.0kg.Contrast 8 connects No. 2-22 ground per mu yield seed cotton yield 273kg of worker Hu Hongjun, gined cotton 109.2kg.
Example 2
More than 184 5 workers of company of 2011-2012, build waste a pipeful of ground, new east difference:
The inclined to one side grittiness of light loam, sow on April 10th, 2012, early No. 26, the new land of kind, precision drilling (1/cave), 1.6 ten thousand strains of results strain number, sowing row earthing 0.5cm, oozed Miao Shui on April 18, took off film on April 28, May 1 timely mechanical grave mound, May 15 started final singling, and May 16 has determined.
Carry out first pass intertillage in April 27, in second time intertillage on May 7, about May 14, carry out the 3rd time intertillage, carry out the 4th time intertillage in May 24, carry out the 5th time intertillage June 12.
Sprayed mepiquat chloride 0.2g/ mu on May 20 one time, sprayed mepiquat chloride 2.0g/ mu on June 10 1 time, sprayed 1 mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu on July 2 and suppress top advantage, July 16, sky sprayed mepiquat chloride 13.0g/ mu 1 time.
Manually pinch and started July 1,2 end of day.Plant height 65cm after pinching.
Do not beat defoliant and ripener, start manual harvesting for the first time in September 12 in 2012, September 28 is manual harvesting for the second time, October 12 is manual harvesting for the third time, the 4th manual harvesting on October 26, and total pick up rate all reaches more than 98%, per mu yield seed cotton yield 402kg, gined cotton 168.84kg.Contrast 5 connects worker Chen Xin state east waste a pipeful of ground per mu yield seed cotton yield 295kg, gined cotton 118kg.
Example 3
2011-2012 connects mono-point of dry eastern No. 6-8 ground difference of worker Zhang Zhonggui 6:
(1) soil is selected
Light weight sand, sowing on April 4, kind is 801, precision drilling (1/cave), waits the two large films of width to cover, and interior adventitia is large film, fabric width is 120cm, program request on film, strain number 1.6 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, oozed Miao Shui on April 10, oozed seedling on April 15, took off film on May 2, May 3 in time artificial grave mound, May 20 started final singling, and May 21 has determined.
Carry out first pass intertillage in April 17, in second time intertillage on April 25, about May 12, carry out the 3rd time intertillage, carry out the 4th time intertillage in May 20, carry out the 5th time intertillage June 5.
Sprayed mepiquat chloride 2.0g/ mu on June 12 1 time, sprayed 1 mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu on July 3 and suppress top advantage, July 12, sky sprayed mepiquat chloride 13.0g/ mu 1 time.
Manually pinch and started July 4,5 end of day.Plant height 58cm after pinching.
Spray 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels on September 5th, 2012, de-ly tell grand 15 grams/acre.On September 18th, 2012, sprays 150 grams/acre of 40% ethrels again, de-ly tells grand 18 grams/acre.Blow-of-cottons reached and more than 98% carried out disposable machine and adopt October 30, and pick up rate all reaches more than 98%, per mu yield seed cotton yield 392kg, gined cotton 160.72kg.Contrast 6 connects mono-point of dry eastern No. 6-7 ground per mu yield seed cotton yield 263kg of worker Yu Jianrong, gined cotton 105.2kg.
(2) method of the present invention, shows with traditional special Shine Early cotton regional culture method difference: use two wide films to cover, sow capable not earthing or lack earthing technology, effectively resist Low Temperature in Spring, rain evil, disasters caused by a windstorm etc. are on the impact of emerging, emerge fast, neat, even; In conjunction with repeatedly intertilling less time chemical control technique seedling stage, improve ground temperature, effectively promoted early send out strong sprout, improved survival rate of seedlings and strong sprout rate; Science integration control technique, water control is that mainization control is auxiliary, water saving, joint medicine, anti-early ageing; The rational application of fertilizers of holostrome multimode, heavy dressing fertilizer (humic acid) and special fertilizer (drip irrigation special fertilizer), Shaoshi chemical fertilizer, has increased fertilizer efficiency, less soil and environmental pollution; Timely and appropriate discovery is irrigated (slow water early finishes water) as required, enters Tou Shui evening in good time, early cuts off the water, and has improved efficiency of water application, short precocious; Early pinch in good time, reduce invalid fruit branch number, reduce plant height, lodging-prevention; Comprehensive plant protection measure, effectively prevents disease pest and weed, has reduced the pollution of medicament to environment; Multiple harvests while in good time early accelerating the ripening early, has reduced percent of loss 5-10%, has improved output.
Be in particular in following some:
Shift to an earlier date 5-10 days sowing time; 2. intertilling number of times seedling stage has increased 1-2 time; 3. seedling stageization control number of times has reduced 1-2 time; 4. in the constant situation of total fertilizing amount, utilization is spread fertilizer over the fields, and drips to execute with the page the multiple fertilization mode such as to spray, and has increased fertilizer and special fertilizer consumption 50%, has reduced fertilizer amount 50%; 5. in the situation that total irrigation quantity is constant, postpone and fill with a water 10-15 days, finish in advance the 5-10 days that pours water, reduced seedling stage and the term of opening bolls frequency of irrigation 1-2 time, reduced irrigation quantity 30-60m in this period
3/ mu, has increased flowering and boll-setting period frequency of irrigation 1-2 time, has increased flowering and boll-setting period irrigation quantity 30-60m
3/ mu; 6. pinch and shift to an earlier date 3-5 days, plant height reduces 5-6cm, reduces invalid fruit branch number of units 1-2 platform; 7. spray ahead of time 1-2 time defoliant, Multiple harvests early time, has reduced percent of loss 5-10%, has improved yield and quality.When weather is good, 1 spray medicine, No. 1 time machine is adopted, when bad weather, 2 spray medicines, No. 2 times machine is adopted, and manually gathers and need to repeatedly carry out.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these amendments or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (9)
1. a cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk cotton region, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), soil select, 0-20cm soil layer organic matter >=0.6%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=80mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=20mg/kg, available potassium >=160mg/kg, total salt amount≤0.4% of soil, total nitrogen content >=0.08%;
(2), soil prepares, early November in the first year plows, degree of depth 25-30cm levels land after plowing in time, carries out a winter irrigation after wholely complete, irrigation quantity is 150-200m
3/ mu, before sowing, mends missible oil 200-300/ mu gram or 150 grams/acre of weedings of 48% trifluralin ec with 33% the field of executing, and executes the mixed soil of rear shallow rake, the degree of depth of raking the soil level 3cm-5cm, and strict demand is accomplished not weigh and is leaked;
(3), select kind, select the special precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, require kind good stress resistance, disease resistance is strong, seedling stage, growing way was powerful, prematurity is good, breeding time is short, at 110-125 days;
(4), broadcast front fertilising, before sowing, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer humic acid 20kg/ mu, lack zinc plot compensating fertilizer zinc fertilizer 1kg/ mu and make base manure;
(5), planting after plastic covered, seeds before seeding is carried out dressing; In 5-20 day in April, in the time that 5cm ground temperature under film 3 days is above continually and steadily more than 12 DEG C, start sowing, seeding method adopts two films to cover, the large film that inner membrance is 120cm, film first essence amount or precision point sowing, upper 2 membranelles or 1 the large film that covers 30cm of sowing row, three film 12 row, machine cotton picking pattern: (10+66) × 9.5cm, handing-over row 66cm, average row is apart from 38cm, and the mu amount of broadcasting is controlled in 3 kilograms; Sowing depth, with 1.5-2cm, is sowed capable not earthing or earthing 0.5cm; Inner membrance is both sides earthing only, and adventitia, except the earthing of both sides, is pressed a spade soil in centre every 1 meter, the current soil of 2-3 rice front cover; In sowing, lay in time dry,, hollow billet;
(6), broadcast rear field management, broadcast the two wide film laying of the membrane quality of rear inspection, connect broken end, press film limit, seal without native fenestra, clean face, the polishing edge of a field, rand;
(7), ooze Miao Shui, start to ooze Miao Shui, the amount of dripping 25-30m after completing pipe
3/ mu, invasive depth reaches 30cm;
(8), seeding stage intertillage, drip off 3-5 days after the water of emerging, carry out first pass intertillage, tilling depth 10-12cm, protective strip 10cm;
(9), take off film and put seedling, when cotton emergence rate reach 70% or 50% above seedling cotyledon part oneself in the time withstanding face, start from be tilted on one side another side take off above a skim, ensureing that face is clean has enough lighting surfaces, and the cotton seedling of liberation dislocation subsequently; Take off after film just to the capable grave mound that starts of seedling, in 1-3 days, complete the capable grave mound thickness of seedling 1-1.5cm on film, width 2.5-3cm; After grave mound, intertill for the second time in time tilling depth 13-15cm, protective strip 10cm;
(10), final singling, 1 leaf period starts final singling, stays by force a little less than going, and forbids to stay two pearls, in 2-3 days, completes, 2 leaf period final singlings finish; Intertill for the third time afterwards tilling depth 16-18cm, protective strip 8cm;
(11), seedling management, if on the ground cauline leaf grew slow, 1-2 urea 150-200g/ mu of foliage-spray, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200-250g/ mu; If cauline leaf over growth, sprays the control of 1 mepiquat chloride 0.2-0.5g/ mu on the ground, the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control and fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface; The 4th time intertillage of 3 leaf periods, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Artificial uprooting weed 1 time;
(12), flower bud period management, the flower bud phase sprays the control of 1-2 mepiquat chloride 1.0-3.0g/ mu; The subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control; The 5th time intertillage of 5-6 sheet leaf period, tilling depth 18-22cm, protective strip 8cm; Drip 3 times, front twice amount of dripping 30m at every turn
3/ mu, the amount of dripping 35m for the third time
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 3 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu;
(13), flowering and boll-setting period management, flowering and boll-setting period 6-7 platform fruit branch or 26-July 10 June pinch; Before pinching, spray mepiquat chloride 4.0-5.0g/ mu 1 time; Drip 5 times, front twice amount of dripping 35-40m at every turn
3/ mu, third and fourth time be the amount of dripping 40-45m at every turn
3/ mu, the 5th amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu; Apply fertilizer 5 times, execute with water droplet at every turn, front special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, the humic acid 3kg/ mu of using for twice, urea 2kg/ mu, third and fourth time used special fertilizer 8kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 3kg/ mu, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu for the 5th time, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu; Once micro-fertile 200g/ mu of foliage-spray before pinching or after pinching, the subsidiary insecticide harmless to natural enemy when eachization control, artificial uprooting weed 1 time;
(14), term of opening bolls management, drip 1 time, the amount of dripping 20-30m before the blow-of-cottons of full field
3/ mu, cuts off the water afterwards; Apply fertilizer 1 time, execute with water droplet, use special fertilizer 5kg/ mu, humic acid 3kg/ mu, urea 2kg/ mu.
2. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 1 cotton region, it is characterized in that, during seedling management, does not water, and in the time being occurred by damage caused by a drought, 20m waters
3/ mu once.
3. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 1 cotton region, it is characterized in that, after pinching, within 20 days, prunes in the Hua Ling management phase, within after pinching 5-7 days, sprays mepiquat chloride 13.0-15.0g/ mu 1 time again.
4. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 1 cotton region, it is characterized in that, the content of the micro-fertile boron that sprays before pinching in the Hua Ling management phase or after pinching, zinc, manganese is more than 50%.
5. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 1 cotton region, it is characterized in that, cotton field in the time that cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches 25-40%, and when the average day temperature of 3-5 is more than 18 DEG C continuously, spray disleave, ripener carries out machine and gathers; If manually gather, do not beat disleave, ripener.
6. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 5 cotton region, it is characterized in that artificial uprooting weed 1 time before gathering.
7. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 6 cotton region, it is characterized in that, described disleave, ripener be ethrel and de-tell grandly, and its consumption is respectively: 100 grams/acre of 40% ethrels, de-ly tell grand 15 grams/acre.
8. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 7 cotton region, it is characterized in that, when spraying ethrel and de-telling after grand one week, cotton defoliation, the DeGrain that accelerates the ripening, spray once again.
9. cotton high-yield cultivating method is planted in excessive risk according to claim 5 cotton region, it is characterized in that, carries out whole ground after gathering, and picks up in time residual film after results, regains irrigate band, and also field of powder bar, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, whole ground, winter irrigation.
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