CN114747449A - Ultra-wide film dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for 4.3 m cotton in loam soil - Google Patents
Ultra-wide film dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for 4.3 m cotton in loam soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, which comprises the following steps of (1) land selection and preparation; (2) configuring a mulching machine; (3) arranging a mulching film; (4) preparing a drip irrigation tape; (5) variety and sowing; (6) drip management; (7) fertilization technology in a growth period; (8) shaping; (9) a project making technology; (10) defoliation ripening technology; (11) comprehensive plant protection; (12) mechanically harvesting; (13) recovering the drip irrigation equipment; the method does not need winter and spring irrigation, adopts an integrated technical cultivation method of deep ploughing, ultra-wide thick film, no hole earthing, dry sowing and wet emergence, water dripping and emergence and chemical topping, meets the standardized requirement of popularization of a dry sowing and wet emergence cultivation technology of loam soil cotton in southern Xinjiang area, saves water, is easy to uncover the film, has strong capability of resisting wind and rain disasters in the seedling stage, promotes the growth period of cotton to be advanced due to high ground temperature under the film, and is favorable for improving the yield and quality of cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, wherein the cotton is 4.3 m in thickness.
Background
In recent years, the planting mode of the cotton in southern Xinjiang is not greatly changed, the yield per unit and the quality are not greatly broken through, the continuous cropping time is long, the soil fertility level is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the planting mode is not greatly changed, and the like, so that the yield and the quality are limited to be one step higher.
Patent application No. 201911196851.7 discloses a high-efficiency cultivation technique for harvesting upland cotton by a machine in the early and middle maturing stage in southern Xinjiang; although the cultivation method is more perfect, the fertilization, especially the foliar fertilization, is not carried out at a precise time, nor is the fertilization carried out at a fixed point. In addition, the method does not adopt an integrated technology cultivation method specially aiming at the loam soil cotton field.
The fox searching website discloses a 'cotton technology' cotton pruning and chemical regulation in 2019, 7 months and 12 days, but a complete cultivation complete set technology is not provided, and the problems of high and stable yield of cotton cannot be solved.
The invention forms a whole set of novel cotton cultivation mode from the aspects of changing the planting mode, selecting varieties and fertilizers, harrowing and sowing, managing fertilizer and water, and the like, excavates the yield increase potential and promotes the quality improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 4.3-meter ultra-wide film dry-seeding and wet-seeding cultivation method for cotton in loam soil, which aims at increasing the plowing depth by turning over in winter and spring in a cotton field in loam soil, and cutting off soil capillaries in a mode that the spring turning must be finished before turning over pulp, so that saline-alkali can not be gathered in a plough layer along with the rising of water vapor, the effect of reducing the saline-alkali content of the plough layer and improving the rate of emergence is achieved, the traditional mode that irrigation water is used for washing salt and pressing alkali before seeding is changed, and the water-saving effect is obvious; applying fertilizer at a precise time and at a fixed point on the foliar fertilizer application; compared with the currently used 2.05 m mulching film, the super-wide thick film with 4.3 m coverage is adopted, so that the mulching film area is increased, the ground temperature is high, the growth of cotton roots is promoted, the growth period is advanced, and the yield increase potential is great; and moreover, the ultra-wide thick film is adopted, the film uncovering is easy, the residual film can be completely recycled, and the sustainable development of agriculture is further realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation:
land selection: the method is applied in a cultivation mode that 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in loam soil are realized, and the cultivation mode is required to be implemented under the conditions that drip irrigation facilities are complete, matched motor-pumped wells are arranged or irrigation water sources are sufficient and drip irrigation can be carried out at any time;
the saline-alkali soil and motor-pumped well water with high salt and alkali content are planted with caution by using the mode;
land preparation: and (3) turning over the soil in winter: plowing the soil to 35-40cm in depth in winter in the current year, and plowing the soil to 40-45cm in winter in the second year; drying upturned soil after winter turning, and strictly forbidding plowing and harrowing; turning the cotton field for several times before turning over in winter and freezing;
turning over the land in spring: ploughing is completed before ploughing and turning the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth in the current year is 35-40cm, and ploughing in winter after harvesting in the current year or ploughing in spring by 40-50cm next year; when the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until reaching the ploughing depth of 35-40cm and sunning the soil for 7-10 days, and harrowing is carried out after ploughing is strictly forbidden; spraying 120 grams of 48 percent trifluralin missible oil 100-;
Applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu or adding 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for cotton per mu before turning over the land in winter and spring;
(2) the mulching film machine is configured:
a machine is a precision dibbler with a film width of 4.3 meters, 12 rows, 11 or 12 or 13 holes;
duckbill: a cross duck bill with a length (seeding depth) of 3 cm;
mechanically picking cotton: arranging 11 hole machines at the row spacing: a membrane 12 row; the row spacing is 13cm multiplied by 63cm multiplied by the plant spacing is 10-12 cm; the number of plants: 13500 and 17000 plants/mu;
(3) and mulching film configuration:
ultra-wide thick film: 4.3 m wide and 0.015 mm thick;
(4) and drip irrigation tape configuration:
the drip irrigation belt adopts a patch type 2.5 cm wide drip irrigation belt, the space between patch drippers is 20cm, the flow rate of the drippers is more than 3.0L/h, and the water drop per mu under normal pressure is 5-5.5m31h, laying a membrane 6 pipe in the middle of a narrow row;
(5) and (3) variety and sowing:
variety: the variety is selected from a good variety with a growth period of 122-; or selecting middle-early-maturing fine varieties;
sowing:
the sowing period is early sowing, and is finished from 3 late ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago;
seeding rate: 1.6 kilograms per mu, one hole and one granule;
Sowing quality requirements are as follows: the seed holes are not covered with soil, and the side of the seed holes is provided with soil covering height of 12-16 cm; during sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to cover the surface of the seed; the side soil covering quantity is required to ensure complete coverage; the film surface needs to be clean;
performing precision dibbling on the navigation film, wherein the hole rate is lower than 2%, digging holes at any time during sowing, checking the sowing condition of each dibbler, and timely cleaning the dibblers;
laying a drip irrigation tape: the sleeve is used for fixing the drip irrigation tape to the position below the front part of the narrow-row middle dibbler, so that the drip irrigation tape is not deviated, the duckbill is prevented from being punctured, and a shallow trench is formed for half burying during sowing;
(6) and water dropping management:
the total water drop per mu is 250-280m3Wherein, 5-6m of seedling water is dripped per mu for the first time after sowing3Three days later, 4-5m of seedling water is dropped per mu for the second time31-2 kg of strong acid and high phosphorus type saline-alkali reducing agent is applied with water drops per mu, 1-2 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied with water drops per mu, and 0.5-1 kg of rooting agent special for cotton is applied with water drops per mu; drip irrigation 12-13 times in growth period, drip water 1-2 times in seedling period, 8-10 days apart, and drip water amount 14-16m3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water for 2-3 times at the initial stage of full bud, the dripping amount is 18-20m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and dripping water 20-22m from middle and late 6-8 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, the water dripping amount and the water dripping frequency are gradually reduced after the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, and the water dripping is stopped in the middle and the last ten days of 9 months;
(7) And fertilizing:
base fertilizer: applying 100 kilograms/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms/mu of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu;
topdressing: 25-30 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure is applied per mu in a dropping manner; 40-50 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3-5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: fertilizing for 3-4 times on leaf surface in seedling period, spraying 150 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate 100-; managing foliar fertilization for 4-5 times in the primordial flowering period, and spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate 200-; fertilizing 4-6 times on leaf surfaces in the boll stage, spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 400 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; fully dissolving the fertilizer and reducing the consumption by half when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates;
(8) regulating and shaping:
the middle-early maturing seeds mainly adopt water and fertilizer regulation and chemical regulation is carried out in the flourishing cotton field; spraying mepiquat chloride 0.5 g/mu when the 3 rd true leaves of the middle and late-maturing seeds are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 1-1.5 g/mu when the 5 th true leaves are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 2-2.5 g/mu when the 7 th true leaves are planted, and spraying mepiquat chloride 2.5-3 g/mu when the 9 th true leaves are planted;
(9) chemical topping:
chemical topping: the operation is divided into 2 times, capping is carried out for the first time in 20-25 days after 6 months, and the dosage of the topping-free agent is reduced by half; the use amount is recommended according to different topping agents; the second topping is carried out on the medium and late maturing variety in 7 months and 5-10 days, and 8-10 g of topping-free agent and mepiquat chloride are not needed; the second capping of the middle-early maturing variety in 7 months and 10-15 days;
(10) Removing leaves and accelerating ripening:
determining the time for spraying the defoliant according to the characteristics of the variety, spraying the defoliant to defoliate the middle-early-maturing variety in about 23-25 days in 9 months, and spraying the defoliant to defoliate the middle-late-maturing variety in about 20-25 days in 9 months;
(11) and comprehensive plant protection:
the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is mainly carried out, and the chemical prevention and control is assisted: applying biological bacterial manure in a dropwise manner in the whole period to prevent diseases in the seedling stage, and applying bactericides (chlorothalonil and carbendazim) in 2 times in the middle of 8 months in the boll stage from 7 late months to 8 middle months to prevent diseases and protect bolls; the pest control is mainly carried out on cotton aphids, red spiders and cotton bollworms, and the pesticide is alternately applied by imidacloprid, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, so as to carry out early investigation and early control;
(12) and mechanical harvesting:
harvesting time: 1-30 days in 10 months;
harvesting quality: the net picking rate is 95 percent; the impurity content of the seed cotton is less than 12 percent; the water content is lower than 12%;
(13) drip irrigation equipment and residual film recovery:
mechanical and manual recovery of ground pipes and drip irrigation tapes:
before the wide-row line is sealed for 6 months, the edge film is manually uncovered, the cotton stalks are mechanically crushed after harvesting, the residual film is recovered, and the recovery rate of the residual film is 95 percent;
in the step (7), when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates, the specific steps are as follows: 1) dividing the cotton field into a plurality of squares, and setting marks at four corners of each square; 2) shooting in sequence according to the marking sequence of each square of the cotton field by a digital camera on an unmanned aerial vehicle, and transferring the shot pictures to a computer; 3) and (3) identification: storing the picture samples of the prior seedling stage, the initial blooming stage and the boll stage in a computer by taking the leaf surface color, the leaf surface shape and the blooming flower type in the picture samples of the prior seedling stage, the initial blooming stage and the boll stage as reference indexes; according to three different periods of the previous year, respectively carrying out comparative analysis on the picture shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle and the picture samples of the prior seedling stage, the bud-bearing initial flowering stage and the boll stage, and determining whether the cotton field square grids corresponding to the picture shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle respectively reach the seedling stage, the bud-bearing initial flowering stage or the boll stage, so that the foliar fertilization time of different square grids can be accurately judged; 4) starting an unmanned aerial vehicle in real time to carry out foliar fertilization on squares which reach a seedling stage, a bud-bearing initial flowering stage or a flower boll stage in a cotton field; 5) the method is characterized in that the method comprises the step of applying foliar fertilization to squares which do not reach a seedling stage, a bud-bearing initial flowering stage or a flower-bell stage in the cotton field, so that the foliar fertilization can be performed at an accurate time, a large amount of medicaments can be saved, and the cost is reduced.
The comparative analysis can use Difflmg image comparison software; it is also possible to use a reset image only image recognition system.
The cotton varieties are selected from the following varieties: xinluzao No. 45, but is not limited to this variety; the middle and late-maturing varieties are selected as follows: neoland No. 88, neoland No. 85, but is not limited to these varieties;
the fertilizer special for cotton comprises the following components: such as: stanly, the century midscience, the Shandong high-welfare fertilizer industry; wolliefeng; jianghuai compound fertilizer and the like; but may not be limited to these products;
biological bacterial fertilizer: if the method comprises the following steps: microbial agents for Hebei Hongtian agriculture; microbial inoculum of Hebei Xiangniu; but may not be limited to these products;
wherein, in the step (1), the soil is ploughed in winter: ploughing in the winter by 36-40cm in depth, ploughing in the winter by 41-45cm in the next year, drying upturned soil in the sun, and strictly forbidding ploughing and harrowing.
Wherein, in the step (1), ploughing is completed before turning over the soil and turning over the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth in the current year is 36-40cm, and ploughing in winter after harvesting in the current year or ploughing in 42-50cm in spring in the next year. When the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until the ploughing depth reaches 36-40cm and the upturned soil is sunned for about 8-10 days, and the soil can be harrowed after ploughing is strictly prohibited.
In the step (2), the row spacing and arrangement are adjusted according to the variety and the soil fertility, and the density of the cotton field with the variety, fruit branches and I-II type and low fertility is properly increased to 12000-14000 plants/mu.
Wherein in the step (6), the water amount of the first-time seedling dripping is small; the water amount of the first dripping seedling can ensure that soil with the width and the depth of 6-8 cm around the seed hole of the seed at the tail end of the drip irrigation tape is soaked by water; seedling water dropping time: finishing from 3 last ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago; drip irrigation for 12-13 times in the growth period; dripping water for 1-2 times at interval of 8-10 days at seedling stage with water dripping amount of 15-16m3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water 2-3 times at the initial stage of bud growth, with the dripping amount of 19-20m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and 21-22m for each time from middle and late 6-8 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, the water dripping amount and the water dripping frequency are gradually reduced after the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, and the water dripping is stopped in the middle and the last 9 months.
Wherein in the step (7), the fertilizing amount is determined according to the target yield; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 1: 0.4-0.7; re-applying the flower bell fertilizer and applying the nitrogen fertilizer in the later period; the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio at the seedling stage is 1: 0.4-0.5; 2-3 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is dripped and applied in the first dripping, and 1 kg of ammonium is added into 2-3 kg of urea per mu; dripping 3-5 kg/mu of biological organic bacterial manure during the second dripping in the seedling stage, and adding 1-2 kg/mu of ammonium into 3-5 kg/mu of urea; dropping fertilizer after dropping clear water for 26-30 minutes; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the initial bloom stage is 1: 0.65-0.7; 8-11 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used per mu, and 5-6 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied dropwise per mu at the same time; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the boll stage is 1: 0.65-0.7; the dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 26-30 kg/mu; simultaneously, 16-20 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure is applied per mu in a dropping manner; and 3-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the early 9 months in the last ten days of 8 months.
In the step (8), medium-early maturing, fruit branch I-II type, variety regulation and shaping mainly comprise water and fertilizer regulation, water dripping amount is controlled, the fertilizer dripping amount is guaranteed, internodes are uniform and are not tied, 11-12 fruit branches are arranged, and the plant height is 1.1-1.2 m; the excessive growth of cotton fields can be regulated by applying plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride; spraying mepiquat chloride 0.5 g/mu when the 3 rd true leaves of the middle and late-maturing seeds are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 1-1.5 g/mu when the 5 th true leaves are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 2-2.5 g/mu when the 7 th true leaves are planted, and spraying mepiquat chloride 2.5-3 g/mu when the 9 th true leaves are planted.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the 4.3-meter ultra-wide film dry-sowing wet-emergence cotton in the loam soil does not need winter and spring irrigation, the method is deeply ploughed and is provided with the ultra-wide thick film, the holes are not covered with soil, the cotton is sowed in a dry mode and is drenched out, the water-dripping seedling emergence and the chemical topping are realized, the method can meet the standardized requirement of popularization of the technology for cultivating the dry-sowing wet-emergence cotton in the loam soil in southern Xinjiang area, the water is saved, the film uncovering is easy, the capacity of resisting wind disasters and rain disasters in the seedling stage is strong, the temperature under the film is high, the growth period of the cotton is advanced, and the yield and the quality of the cotton are improved.
2. The foliar fertilization of the invention has the functions of precise fertilization and fixed-point fertilization.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by dry sowing and wet outcropping with an ultra-wide film of 4.3 m, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation:
land selection: the method is applied in a cultivation mode that 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in loam soil are realized, and the cultivation mode is required to be implemented under the conditions that drip irrigation facilities are complete, matched motor-pumped wells are arranged or irrigation water sources are sufficient and drip irrigation can be carried out at any time;
the saline-alkali soil and motor-pumped well water with high salt and alkali content are planted with caution by using the mode;
land preparation: and (3) turning over the soil in winter: plowing the soil to 36cm in depth in winter in the current year, and plowing the soil to 41cm in winter in the second year; drying upturned soil after winter turning, and strictly forbidding plowing and harrowing; turning the cotton field for several times before turning over in winter and freezing;
turning over the land in spring: ploughing is completed before turning over the field and turning over the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth in the current year is 36cm, and the ploughing is turned over in winter after harvesting in the current year or is turned over by 41cm in spring in the next year; when the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until the ploughing depth reaches 36cm and the upturned soil is sunned for 8 days, and harrowing is carried out after ploughing is strictly forbidden; spraying 100 g of 48 percent trifluralin missible oil or 150 g of 33 percent pendimethalin in mu before the last straight raking, raking and sealing the soil in time until the cotton field is in a state of waiting for sowing;
Applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu or adding 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for cotton per mu before turning over the land in winter and spring;
(2) the mulching film machine is configured:
a machine is a precision dibbler with a film width of 4.3 meters, 12 rows, 11 or 12 or 13 holes;
duckbill: a cross duck bill with a length (seeding depth) of 3 cm;
mechanically picking cotton: arranging 11 hole machines at the row spacing: a membrane 12 row; the row spacing is 13cm multiplied by 63cm multiplied by the plant spacing is 10-12 cm; the number of plants: 13500 and 17000 plants/mu;
(3) and mulching film configuration:
ultra-wide thick film: 4.3 m wide and 0.015 mm thick;
(4) and drip irrigation tape configuration:
the drip irrigation belt adopts a patch type 2.5 cm wide drip irrigation belt, the space between patch drippers is 20cm, the flow rate of the drippers is more than 3.0L/h, and the water drop per mu is 5m under normal pressure31h, laying a membrane 6 pipe in the middle of a narrow row;
(5) and (3) variety and sowing:
variety: the variety is selected from a good variety with a growth period of 122-; or selecting middle-early-maturing fine varieties;
sowing:
the sowing period is early sowing, and is finished from 3 late ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago;
seeding rate: 1.6 kilograms per mu, one hole and one granule;
Sowing quality requirements are as follows: the seed holes are not covered with soil, and the soil covering height is 13 cm at the side of the seed holes; during sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to cover the surface of the seed; the side soil covering quantity needs to be ensured to be capable of completely covering; the film surface needs to be clean;
performing precision dibbling on the navigation film, wherein the hole rate is lower than 2%, digging holes at any time during sowing, checking the sowing condition of each dibbler, and timely cleaning the dibblers;
laying a drip irrigation tape: the sleeve is used for fixing the drip irrigation tape to the position below the front part of the narrow-row middle dibbler, so that the drip irrigation tape is not deviated, the duckbill is prevented from being punctured, and a shallow trench is formed for half burying during sowing;
(6) and water dropping management:
the total water drop per mu is 250-280m3Wherein, 5m of seedling water is dripped per mu for the first time after sowing3Three days later, 4m of seedling water is dropped per mu for the second time31-2 kg of strong acid and high phosphorus type saline-alkali reducing agent is applied with water drops per mu, 1-2 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied with water drops per mu, and 0.5-1 kg of rooting agent special for cotton is applied with water drops per mu; drip irrigation 12-13 times in growth period, drip water 1-2 times in seedling period, 8-10 days apart, and 14m drip water amount3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water for 2-3 times at the initial stage of full bud, the dripping amount is 18m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and dripping water 20m each time from middle and late 6 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, the water dripping amount and the water dripping frequency are gradually reduced after the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, and the water dripping is stopped in the middle and the last ten days of 9 months;
(7) And fertilizing:
base fertilizer: applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu;
topdressing: applying 26 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure per mu in a dropping manner; 41 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer, 21 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 3 kilograms of potash fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: fertilizing for 3 times on leaf surfaces in the seedling stage, spraying 100 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 200 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; managing foliar fertilization for 4 times in the primordial flowering period, and spraying 200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; foliar fertilization is carried out for 4 times in the boll stage, 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 400 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer are sprayed; fully dissolving the fertilizer and reducing the consumption by half when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates;
(8) regulating and shaping:
the middle-early maturing seeds mainly adopt water and fertilizer regulation and chemical regulation for growing cotton fields;
(9) chemical topping:
chemical topping: the operation is divided into 2 times, capping is carried out for the first time in 20-25 days in 6 months, the dosage of the non-topping agent is reduced by half, and the use is recommended according to different topping agents; the second capping of the middle-early maturing variety in 7 months and 10-15 days;
(10) defoliation and ripening:
determining the time for spraying the defoliating agent according to the variety characteristics, and spraying the defoliating agent to defoliate the medium-early maturing variety for about 23-25 days in 9 months;
(11) And comprehensive plant protection:
the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is mainly carried out, and the chemical prevention and control is assisted: applying biological bacterial manure in a dropwise manner in the whole period to prevent diseases in the seedling stage, and applying bactericides (chlorothalonil and carbendazim) in 2 times in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the bell period in a dropwise manner to prevent diseases and protect bells; the pest control is mainly performed on cotton aphids, red spiders and cotton bollworms, and the pesticide is alternately applied by imidacloprid, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, so that the early control is investigated and controlled;
(12) and mechanical harvesting:
harvesting time: 10 months and 1-30 days;
harvesting quality: the net picking rate is 95 percent; the impurity content of the seed cotton is less than 12 percent; the water content is lower than 12%;
(13) drip irrigation equipment and residual film recovery:
mechanical and manual recovery of ground pipes and drip irrigation tapes:
before the wide-row line is sealed for 6 months, the edge film is manually uncovered, the cotton stalks are mechanically crushed after harvesting, the residual film is recovered, and the recovery rate of the residual film is 95 percent;
evaluation of example 1:
the method is popularized and applied in large area in 11-5300 mu cotton fields of eight teams of first workers in military band of Xinjiang in 2021 year; the invention achieves ideal effects: 462 kilograms of seed cotton per mu are produced on average; (variety: Xinluzao No. 45) fiber velvet has the average length of 30.45mm, the specific strength of 29.08cN/tex, the clothes score of 41.37 percent, the micronaire value of 4.79 and the pre-frost flowering rate of 100 percent; water is saved for one mu by 170 plus 235 sides; the recovery rate of the residual film reaches 98 percent; the labor cost is saved by 40 yuan for the chemical topping application; and no cotton field is rebroadcast in the seedling stage due to wind disaster and rain disaster.
Example 2:
the invention relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation:
land selection: the method is applied in a cultivation mode that 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in loam soil are realized, and the cultivation mode is required to be implemented under the conditions that drip irrigation facilities are complete, matched motor-pumped wells are arranged or irrigation water sources are sufficient and drip irrigation can be carried out at any time;
the saline-alkali soil and motor-pumped well water with high salt and alkali content are planted with caution by using the mode;
land preparation: and (3) turning over the soil in winter: plowing the soil to 38cm in depth in winter in the current year, and plowing the soil to 43cm in winter in the second year; drying upturned soil after winter turning, and strictly forbidding plowing and harrowing; turning the cotton field for several times before turning over in winter and freezing;
turning over the land in spring: ploughing is completed before turning over the field and turning over the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth is 38cm in the current year, and the ploughing is turned over in winter after harvesting in the current year or is turned over by 48cm in spring in the next year; when the soil is turned over in spring, the soil can be repeatedly turned over until the plowing depth is 38cm and the upturned soil is sunned for 9 days, and harrowing is carried out after plowing is strictly forbidden; spraying 110 g of 48 percent trifluralin missible oil or 170 g of 33 percent pendimethalin to each mu before the last straight raking, and raking the land in time to seal the soil until the cotton field is in a state of waiting for sowing;
applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu or adding 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for cotton per mu before turning over the land in winter and spring;
(2) The mulching film machine is configured:
a machine is a precision dibbler with a film width of 4.3 meters, 12 rows, 11 or 12 or 13 holes;
duckbill: a cross duck bill with a length (seeding depth) of 3 cm;
mechanically picking cotton: arranging 11 hole machines at the row spacing: a membrane 12 row; the row spacing is 13cm multiplied by 63cm multiplied by the plant spacing is 10-12 cm; the number of plants: 13500 and 17000 plants/mu;
(3) and mulching film configuration:
ultra-wide thick film: 4.3 m wide and 0.015 mm thick;
(4) and drip irrigation tape configuration:
the drip irrigation belt adopts a patch type 2.5 cm wide drip irrigation belt, the space between patch drippers is 20cm, the flow rate of the drippers is more than 3.0L/h, and the water drop per mu is 5m under normal pressure31h, laying a membrane 6 pipe in the middle of a narrow row;
(5) and (3) variety and sowing:
variety: the variety is selected from a good variety with a growth period of 122-; or selecting middle-early-maturing fine varieties;
sowing:
the sowing period is early sowing, and is finished from 3 late ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago;
seeding rate: 1.6 kilograms per mu, one hole and one granule;
the sowing quality requirement is as follows: the seed holes are not covered with soil, and the soil covering height of 14 cm is arranged at the side of the seed holes; during sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to cover the surface of the seed; the side soil covering quantity needs to be ensured to be capable of completely covering; the film surface needs to be clean;
Dibbling is carried out on the navigation film in a precise mode, the hole rate is lower than 2%, holes are dug at any time during sowing, the sowing condition of each dibbler is checked, and the dibblers are cleaned in time;
laying a drip irrigation tape: the sleeve is used for fixing the drip irrigation tape to the position below the front part of the narrow-row middle dibbler, so that the drip irrigation tape is not deviated, the duckbill is prevented from being punctured, and a shallow trench is formed for half burying during sowing;
(6) and water dropping management:
the total water drop per mu is 250-280m3Wherein, the first time of dripping seedling water of 6m per mu after sowing3Three days later, 5m of seedling water is dripped in the second mu31-2 kg of strong acid and high phosphorus type saline-alkali reducing agent is applied with water drops per mu, 1-2 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied with water drops per mu, and 0.5-1 kg of rooting agent special for cotton is applied with water drops per mu; drip irrigation 12-13 times in growth period, drip water 1-2 times in seedling period, 8-10 days apart, and drip water amount 15m3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water 2-3 times at the initial stage of full bud with water dripping amount of 19m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and 21m water dripping amount from middle and late 6 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, and water begins to drip after the middle and last ten days of 8 monthsThe amount and the dripping times are gradually reduced, and the dripping is stopped in the middle 9 th of the month;
(7) and fertilizing:
base fertilizer: applying 100 kilograms/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms/mu of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu;
topdressing: applying 28 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure per mu in a dropping manner; 48 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 28 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer and 4 kilograms of potassium fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: applying fertilizer to leaf surfaces for 3 times in the seedling stage, and spraying 120 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 200 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; managing foliar fertilization for 5 times in the primordial flowering period, and spraying 250 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; foliar fertilization is carried out for 4 times in the boll stage, 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 400 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer are sprayed; fully dissolving the fertilizer and reducing the using amount by half when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates;
(8) and regulation and shaping:
the middle-early maturing seeds mainly adopt water and fertilizer regulation and chemical regulation for growing cotton fields;
(9) chemical topping:
chemical topping: the operation is divided into 2 times, capping is carried out for the first time in 20-25 days after 6 months, and the dosage of the topping-free agent is reduced by half; the use amount is recommended according to different topping agents; the second capping of the middle-early maturing variety in 7 months and 10-15 days;
(10) defoliation and ripening:
determining the time for spraying the defoliating agent according to the variety characteristics, and spraying the defoliating agent to defoliate the medium-early maturing variety for about 23-25 days in 9 months;
(11) and comprehensive plant protection:
the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is mainly carried out, and the chemical prevention and control is assisted: applying biological bacterial manure in a dropwise manner in the whole period to prevent diseases in the seedling stage, and applying bactericides (chlorothalonil and carbendazim) in 2 times in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the bell period in a dropwise manner to prevent diseases and protect bells; the pest control is mainly performed on cotton aphids, red spiders and cotton bollworms, and the pesticide is alternately applied by imidacloprid, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, so that the early control is investigated and controlled;
(12) And mechanical harvesting:
harvesting time: 1-30 days in 10 months;
harvesting quality: the net picking rate is 95 percent; the impurity content of the seed cotton is less than 12 percent; the water content is lower than 12%;
(13) drip irrigation equipment and residual film recovery:
mechanical and manual recovery of ground pipes and drip irrigation tapes:
before the wide-row line is sealed for 6 months, the edge film is manually uncovered, the cotton stalks are mechanically crushed after harvesting, the residual film is recovered, and the recovery rate of the residual film is 95 percent;
evaluation of example 2:
the method is popularized and applied in large area in 11-5300 mu cotton fields of eight teams of first workers in military band of Xinjiang in 2021 year; the invention achieves ideal effects: 460 kilograms of seed cotton per mu are produced on average; (variety: Xinluzao No. 45) fiber velvet has the average length of 30.40mm, the specific strength of 29.00cN/tex, the clothes score of 41.35 percent, the micronaire value of 4.79 and the pre-frost flowering rate of 100 percent; water is saved for 180 times per mu and 235 times per mu; the recovery rate of the residual film reaches 98 percent; the chemical topping application saves 35 yuan of labor cost; and no cotton field is rebroadcast in the seedling stage due to wind disaster and rain disaster.
Example 3:
the invention relates to a method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation:
land selection: the method is applied in a cultivation mode that 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in loam soil are realized, and the cultivation mode is required to be implemented under the conditions that drip irrigation facilities are complete, matched motor-pumped wells are arranged or irrigation water sources are sufficient and drip irrigation can be carried out at any time;
The saline-alkali soil and motor-pumped well water with high salt and alkali content are planted with caution by using the mode;
land preparation: and (3) turning over the soil in winter: plowing the soil to 40cm in depth in winter in the current year, and plowing the soil to 45cm in winter in the second year; drying upturned soil after winter turning, and strictly forbidding plowing and harrowing; turning the cotton field for several times before turning over in winter and freezing;
turning over the land in spring: ploughing is completed before ploughing and turning the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth is 40cm in the current year, and ploughing in winter after harvesting in the current year or ploughing 50cm in spring in the next year; when the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until the plowing depth reaches 40cm and the upturned soil is sunned for 10 days, and harrowing is carried out after plowing is strictly forbidden; before the last direct raking, 120 g of 48 percent trifluralin missible oil or 200 g of 33 percent pendimethalin is sprayed on each mu, and the soil is harrowed and sealed in time until the cotton field is in a state to be sowed;
applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu or adding 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for cotton per mu before turning over the land in winter and spring;
(2) the mulching film machine is configured:
a machine is a precision dibbler with a film width of 4.3 meters, 12 rows, 11 or 12 or 13 holes;
duckbill: a cross duck bill with a length (seeding depth) of 3 cm;
mechanically picking cotton: arranging 11 hole machines at the row spacing: a membrane 12 row; the row spacing is 13cm multiplied by 63cm multiplied by the plant spacing is 10-12 cm; the number of plants: 13500 and 17000 plants/mu;
(3) and mulching film configuration:
Ultra-wide thick film: 4.3 m wide and 0.015 mm thick;
(4) and drip irrigation tape configuration:
the drip irrigation belt adopts a patch type 2.5 cm wide drip irrigation belt, the space between patch drippers is 20cm, the flow rate of the drippers is more than 3.0L/h, and the water dropping quantity per mu is 5.1m under normal pressure31h, laying a membrane 6 pipe in the middle of a narrow row;
(5) and (3) variety and sowing:
variety: the variety is selected from a good variety with a growth period of 122-; or selecting middle-early-maturing fine varieties;
sowing:
the sowing period is early sowing, and is finished from 3 late ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago;
seeding rate: 1.6 kilograms per mu, one hole and one granule;
the sowing quality requirement is as follows: the seed holes are not covered with soil, and the soil covering height is 16 cm at the side of the seed holes; during sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to cover the surface of the seed; the lateral soil covering quantity needs to ensure covering; the film surface needs to be clean;
performing precision dibbling on the navigation film, wherein the hole rate is lower than 2%, digging holes at any time during sowing, checking the sowing condition of each dibbler, and timely cleaning the dibblers;
laying a drip irrigation tape: the sleeve is used for fixing the drip irrigation tape to the position below the front part of the narrow-row middle dibbler, so that the drip irrigation tape is not deviated, the duckbill is prevented from being punctured, and a shallow trench is formed for half burying during sowing;
(6) And water dropping management:
the total water drop per mu is 250-280m3Wherein, 5m of seedling water is dripped per mu for the first time after sowing3Three days later, 4m of seedling water is dropped per mu for the second time31-2 kg of strong acid and high phosphorus type saline-alkali reducing agent is applied with water drops per mu, 1-2 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied with water drops per mu, and 0.5-1 kg of rooting agent special for cotton is applied with water drops per mu; drip irrigation 12-13 times in growth period, drip water 1-2 times in seedling period, 8-10 days apart, and 16m drip water amount3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water for 2-3 times at the initial stage of full bud with a dripping amount of 20m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and 22m water every time from middle and late 6 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, the water dripping amount and the water dripping frequency are gradually reduced after the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, and the water dripping is stopped in the middle and the last ten days of 9 months;
(7) and fertilizing:
base fertilizer: applying 100 kilograms/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms/mu of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu;
topdressing: applying 30 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure per mu in a dropping manner; 50 kilograms per mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 30 kilograms per mu of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kilograms per mu of potash fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: fertilizing for 4 times on leaf surfaces in the seedling stage, spraying 150 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 200 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; managing foliar fertilization for 4-5 times in the primordial flowering period of full buds, and spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 200 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; fertilizing at the leaf surface of the flower boll stage for 6 times, spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 400 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; fully dissolving the fertilizer and reducing the consumption by half when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates;
(8) And regulation and shaping:
the middle-early maturing seeds are mainly controlled by water and fertilizer, and the cotton field is chemically controlled in a vigorous growing way;
(9) chemical topping:
chemical topping: the operation is divided into 2 times, capping is carried out for the first time in 20-25 days after 6 months, and the dosage of the topping-free agent is reduced by half; the use amount is recommended according to different topping agents; capping the middle-early-maturing variety for the second time in 7 months and 10-15 days;
(10) removing leaves and accelerating ripening:
determining the time for spraying the defoliating agent according to the variety characteristics, and spraying the defoliating agent to defoliate the medium-early maturing variety for about 23-25 days in 9 months;
(11) and comprehensive plant protection:
the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is mainly carried out, and the chemical prevention and control is assisted: applying biological bacterial manure in a dropwise manner in the whole period to prevent diseases in the seedling stage, and applying bactericides (chlorothalonil and carbendazim) in 2 times in the late 7 th to middle 8 th of the bell period in a dropwise manner to prevent diseases and protect bells; the pest control is mainly performed on cotton aphids, red spiders and cotton bollworms, and the pesticide is alternately applied by imidacloprid, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, so that the early control is investigated and controlled;
(12) and mechanical harvesting:
harvesting time: 10 months and 1-30 days;
harvesting quality: the net picking rate is 95 percent; the impurity content of the seed cotton is less than 12 percent; the water content is lower than 12%;
(13) drip irrigation equipment and residual film recovery:
mechanical and manual recovery of ground pipes and drip irrigation tapes:
before the wide-row line is sealed for 6 months, the edge film is manually uncovered, the cotton stalks are mechanically crushed after harvesting, the residual film is recovered, and the recovery rate of the residual film is 95 percent;
Evaluation of example 3:
the invention is popularized and applied in large area in 11-5300 mu cotton fields of eight groups of first workers in the military band of Xinjiang in 2021, and the application of the invention obtains more ideal effects: the average yield per unit of the seed cotton is 463 kg/mu; (variety: Xinluzao No. 45) fiber velvet is 30.40mm in average length, 29.08cN/tex in specific strength, 41.37% in clothes score, 4.79% in micronaire value and 100% in pre-frost flowering rate; the water is saved by 170 square per mu; the recovery rate of the residual film reaches 98 percent; the chemical topping application saves 35 yuan of labor cost; and no cotton field is rebroadcast in the seedling stage due to the influence of wind, rain and rain disasters.
As described above, the present invention can be more fully realized. The above description is only a reasonable embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the above description, and any insubstantial modifications of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation:
land selection: the method is applied in a cultivation mode that 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in loam soil are realized, and the cultivation mode is required to be implemented under the conditions that drip irrigation facilities are complete, matched motor-pumped wells are arranged or irrigation water sources are sufficient and drip irrigation can be carried out at any time;
The saline-alkali soil and motor-pumped well are planted with the mode cautiously, wherein the water, the salt and the alkali contents of the saline-alkali soil and the motor-pumped well are high;
land preparation: and (3) turning over the soil in winter: plowing the field in the winter of the current year by 35-40cm in depth, and plowing the field in the winter of the second year by 40-45 cm; drying upturned soil after winter ploughing, and strictly forbidding plowing and harrowing; turning the cotton field for several times before turning over in winter and freezing;
turning over the soil in spring: ploughing is completed before ploughing and turning the pulp in spring, the ploughing depth in the current year is 35-40cm, and ploughing in winter after harvesting in the current year or ploughing in spring by 40-50cm next year; when the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until reaching the ploughing depth of 35-40cm and sunning the soil for 7-10 days, and harrowing is carried out after ploughing is strictly forbidden; spraying 120 grams of 48 percent trifluralin missible oil 100-;
applying 100 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu or adding 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for cotton per mu before turning over the land in winter and spring;
(2) the mulching film machine is configured:
a machine is a precision dibbler with a film width of 4.3 meters, 12 rows, 11 or 12 or 13 holes;
duckbill: a cross-shaped duck bill with the length (sowing depth) of 3 cm;
mechanically picking cotton: arranging 11 hole machines at the row spacing: a membrane 12 row; the row spacing is 13cm multiplied by 63cm multiplied by the plant spacing is 10-12 cm; the number of plants: 13500 and 17000 plants/mu;
(3) And mulching film configuration:
ultra-wide thick film: 4.3 m wide and 0.015 mm thick;
(4) and (3) drip irrigation belt preparation:
the drip irrigation tape adopts a patch type 2.5 cm wide drip irrigation tape, the space between patch drippers is 20cm, the flow of the drippers is more than 3.0L/h, and the water drop per mu under normal pressure is 5-5.5m31h, paving 6 pipes of a membrane in the middle of a narrow row;
(5) and (3) variety and sowing:
variety: the variety is selected to have a growth period of 122-130 days, strong boll forming property, good high yield and easy management, the velvet length is 28-29mm, the specific strength is 28-29cN/tex, the clothes content is 40-42 percent, the boll weight is 5-7 g, and the variety is disease-resistant, insect-resistant and high-temperature-resistant and is suitable for middle-early-maturing fine varieties planted in south Xinjiang; or selecting middle-early-maturing fine varieties;
sowing:
the sowing period is early sowing, and is finished from 3 late ten days to 4 months and 15 days ago;
seeding rate: 1.6 kilograms per mu, one hole and one granule;
the sowing quality requirement is as follows: the seed holes are not covered with soil, and the soil covering height is 12-16 cm at the side of the seed holes; during sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to cover the surface of the seed; the side soil covering quantity needs to be ensured to be capable of completely covering; the film surface needs to be clean;
performing precision dibbling on the navigation film, wherein the hole rate is lower than 2%, digging holes at any time during sowing, checking the sowing condition of each dibbler, and timely cleaning the dibblers;
laying a drip irrigation tape: the sleeve is used for fixing the drip irrigation tape to the position below the front part of the narrow-row middle dibbler, so that the drip irrigation tape is not deviated, the duckbill is prevented from being punctured, and a shallow trench is formed for half burying during sowing;
(6) And water dropping management:
the total dropping amount per mu is 250-280m3Wherein, 5 to 6m of seedling water is dripped per mu for the first time after sowing3Three days later, 4-5m of seedling water is dropped per mu for the second time31-2 kg of strong acid and high phosphorus type saline-alkali reducing agent is applied with water drops per mu, 1-2 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied with water drops per mu, and 0.5-1 kg of rooting agent special for cotton is applied with water drops per mu; drip irrigation 12-13 times in growth period, drip water 1-2 times in seedling period, 8-10 days apart, and drip water amount 14-16m3Mu times; dripping water for 2-3 times at the initial stage of full bud, the dripping amount is 18-20m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and dripping water 20-22m from middle and late 6-8 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, and the water dripping quantity and the water dripping times begin after the middle and last ten days of 8 monthsGradually decreasing, and stopping dripping in the middle 9 th of the month;
(7) and fertilizing:
base fertilizer: applying 100 kilograms/mu of high-quality organic fertilizer cottonseed cakes and 100 kilograms/mu of humic acid phosphate fertilizer per mu;
topdressing: 25-30 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure is applied per mu in a dropping manner; 40-50 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20-30 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer and 3-5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: fertilizing for 3-4 times on leaf surface in seedling period, spraying 150 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate 100-; managing foliar fertilization for 4-5 times in the primordial flowering period, and spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate 200-; fertilizing 4-6 times on leaf surfaces in the boll stage, spraying 300 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 500 g/mu of urea and 400 g/mu of high-efficiency organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer; fully dissolving the fertilizer and reducing the consumption by half when the unmanned aerial vehicle operates;
(8) And regulation and shaping:
the middle-early maturing seeds mainly adopt water and fertilizer regulation and chemical regulation is carried out in a vigorous growing cotton field; spraying mepiquat chloride 0.5 g/mu when the 3 rd true leaves of the middle and late-maturing seeds are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 1-1.5 g/mu when the 5 th true leaves are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 2-2.5 g/mu when the 7 th true leaves are planted, and spraying mepiquat chloride 2.5-3 g/mu when the 9 th true leaves are planted;
(9) chemical topping:
chemical topping: the operation is divided into 2 times, capping is carried out for the first time in 20-25 days in 6 months, the dosage of the topping-free agent is reduced by half, and the topping-free agent is used according to the recommended dosage of different topping agents; capping the middle and late-maturing variety for the second time in 5-10 days in 7 months, wherein 8-10 g of topping-free agent and mepiquat chloride are added; capping the middle-early-maturing variety for the second time in 7 months and 10-15 days;
(10) removing leaves and accelerating ripening:
determining the time for spraying the defoliating agent according to the variety characteristics, spraying the defoliating agent to defoliate the middle and early-maturing varieties in 23-25 days in 9 months, and spraying the defoliating agent to defoliate the middle and late-maturing varieties in 20-25 days in 9 months;
(11) and comprehensive plant protection:
the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is mainly carried out, and the chemical prevention and control is assisted: applying biological bacterial manure dropwise in the whole period to prevent diseases in the seedling stage, and applying the bactericide dropwise for 2 times from late 7 to middle 8 of the bell period to prevent diseases and protect bells; the pest control is mainly performed on cotton aphids, red spiders and cotton bollworms, and the pesticide is alternately applied by imidacloprid, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate, so that the early control is investigated and controlled;
(12) And mechanical harvesting:
harvesting time: 1-30 days in 10 months;
harvesting quality: the net picking rate is 95 percent; the trash content of the seed cotton is less than 12%; the water content is lower than 12%;
(13) drip irrigation equipment and residual film recovery:
mechanical and manual recovery of ground pipes and drip irrigation tapes:
before the wide-row line is sealed for 6 months, the edge films are manually torn off, the cotton stalks are mechanically crushed after harvesting, the residual films are recovered, and the recovery rate of the residual films is 95%.
2. The method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by using the ultra-wide film dry-seeding and wet-outing integrated technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the soil is ploughed in winter: ploughing in the winter in the current year to the depth of 36-40cm, ploughing in the winter in the second year to 41-45cm, then drying upturned soil, and strictly forbidding ploughing and harrowing.
3. The method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by using the ultra-wide film dry-seeding and wet-outing integrated technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), ploughing is completed before turning over soil and turning over pulp in spring, the ploughing depth in the current year is 36-40cm, and ploughing in winter or ploughing in spring of the next year is 42-50cm after harvesting in the current year; when the soil is thick in spring turning, the soil can be repeatedly turned until the ploughing depth reaches 36-40cm and the upturned soil is sunned for about 8-10 days, and the soil can be harrowed after ploughing is strictly prohibited.
4. The method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by 4.3 m ultra-wide film dry sowing and wet sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the row spacing and the arrangement are adjusted according to the variety and the soil fertility, and the density of cotton fields with I-II type variety branches and low fertility is properly increased to 17000 plants/mu of 13500 and 5-year variety branches.
5. The method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by dry sowing and wet sowing in 4.3 m ultra-wide films, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the water amount of the first seedling dripping is small(ii) a The water amount of the first dropping seedling can ensure that the soil with the width and the depth of 6-8 cm around the seed hole of the seed at the tail end of the drip irrigation tape is soaked by water; seedling water dripping time: finishing from late 3 months to 15 days before 4 months; drip irrigation for 12-13 times in the growth period; dripping water for 1-2 times at interval of 8-10 days at seedling stage with water dripping amount of 15-16m3The number of the Chinese medicinal herbs is mu; dripping water 2-3 times at the initial stage of bud growth, with the dripping amount of 19-20m each time3The interval is 7-8 days; dripping water 7-8 times in the boll stage, and 21-22m for each time from middle and late 6-8 months to middle and late 8 months3The interval is 7-8 days, the water dripping amount and the water dripping frequency are gradually reduced after the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, and the water dripping is stopped in the middle and the last 9 months.
6. The ultra-wide film dry-sowing and wet-planting cultivation method for cotton in loam soil of 4.3 m as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the fertilizing amount is determined according to the target yield; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 1: 0.4-0.7; re-applying the flower bell fertilizer and applying the nitrogen fertilizer in the later period; the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio at the seedling stage is 1: 0.4-0.5; 2-3 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is dripped and applied in the first dripping, and 1 kg of ammonium is added into 2-3 kg of urea per mu; dripping 3-5 kg/mu of biological organic bacterial manure during the second dripping in the seedling stage, and adding 1-2 kg/mu of ammonium into 3-5 kg/mu of urea; dropping fertilizer after dropping clear water for 26-30 minutes; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the initial bloom stage is 1: 0.65-0.7; 8-11 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used per mu, and 5-6 kg of biological organic bacterial manure is applied dropwise per mu at the same time; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the boll stage is 1: 0.65-0.7; the dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 26-30 kg/mu; simultaneously, 16-20 kilograms of biological organic bacterial manure is applied per mu in a dropping manner; and 3-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the early 9 months in the last ten days of 8 months.
7. The method for cultivating cotton in loam soil by dry sowing and wet sowing in 4.3 m ultra-wide films, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (8), medium-early ripening and fruit branch I-II type are performed, the variety regulation and shaping are mainly performed by regulating water and fertilizer, the water dripping amount is controlled, the fertilizer dripping amount is ensured, internodes are uniform and are not tied, 11-12 fruit branches are formed, and the plant height is 1.1-1.2 m; the cotton field with excessive growth can be regulated by applying plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride; spraying mepiquat chloride 0.5 g/mu when the 3 rd true leaves of the middle and late-maturing seeds are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 1-1.5 g/mu when the 5 th true leaves are planted, spraying mepiquat chloride 2-2.5 g/mu when the 7 th true leaves are planted, and spraying mepiquat chloride 2.5-3 g/mu when the 9 th true leaves are planted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210455253.2A CN114747449A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Ultra-wide film dry-sowing and wet-out cultivation method for 4.3 m cotton in loam soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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