CN116210549A - Seedling protection cultivation method for acid-regulated cotton under membrane microenvironment - Google Patents
Seedling protection cultivation method for acid-regulated cotton under membrane microenvironment Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001638069 Rigidoporus microporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and discloses a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a membrane, which comprises the steps of selecting proper land and treating the land; selecting a local popularization cotton variety with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturing; mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent; preparing proper planting density for precision sowing; sowing by adopting a sowing technology integrating fertilization, drip irrigation belts, plastic film mulching, precision sowing and soil covering between 1 day and 20 days in 4 months; conventional cultivation management in the field, dry sowing, wet discharging, film sweeping, film pressing, seedling placing, hole sealing, intertillage, soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and control, water dripping and fertilizer application; harvesting. The invention solves the problems of poor emergence, serious disease in seedling stage, slow development of cotton seedlings and serious shortage of seedling protection of the existing cotton by adopting the acid-regulated cotton seedling protection cultivation method under the mulching film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings under a membrane in a microenvironment.
Background
At present, saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt integration, namely that salt contained in the soil influences normal growth of crops, and plants in severe saline-alkali soil areas can hardly survive. The saline-alkali soil is formed under certain natural conditions, and the essence of the formation is mainly that various soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the ground, so that the salts are gradually accumulated on the soil surface layer of the salt collecting area. In arid and semiarid regions of northeast, northwest and North China, the precipitation is small, the evaporation capacity is large, and the salt dissolved in water is easy to accumulate on the surface layer of the soil.
The perennial planting area of the current Xinjiang cotton is more than 3700 mu, the total yield accounts for 80% of the whole country, and the cotton field with a considerable area is saline-alkali soil. Most cotton fields have the defects of poor seedlings, serious disease in seedling stage, slow development of cotton seedlings, serious shortage of seedlings and the like due to serious insufficient water conditions, so that the cotton yield level is low, and the high-efficiency, safe and sustainable development of cotton industry is seriously restricted.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:
the existing cotton seedling protection method has the defects of easy emergence difference, serious disease in seedling stage, slow development of cotton seedlings, serious seedling protection deficiency and the like under the condition of insufficient water conditions, so that the cotton yield level is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for cultivating the acid-regulating cotton seedlings in the micro-environment under the film comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting a proper land and treating the land;
step two, variety selection: selecting a local popularization cotton variety with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturing;
step three, seed treatment: mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent;
step four, cotton field plant row spacing configuration: preparing proper planting density for precision sowing;
step five, sowing: sowing by adopting a sowing technology integrating fertilization, drip irrigation belts, plastic film mulching, precision sowing and soil covering between 1 day and 20 days in 4 months;
step six, field conventional cultivation management: dry sowing, wet discharging, film sweeping, film pressing, seedling placing, hole sealing, intertillage soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and water dripping and fertilization;
and step seven, harvesting.
Further, the selecting and preparing the soil in the first step specifically includes: selecting sandy loam, loam or light clay with good soil layer curing, good permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and carrying out the processes of horizon, soil breaking, soil moisture sufficiency, full-layer fertilization and chemical weeding on the land;
further, the soil crushing is a soil crushing operation of the pressing machine.
Further, the chemical weeding is that each mu of the soil is uniformly sprayed with 180ml of 33% emulsifiable concentrate pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate and 30kg of water.
Further, the seed coating agent in the third step adopts Fuduo-methyl coating.
Further, the planting density in the fourth step is 1.4-1.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and the (63+13) cm multiplied by 10cm precision seeding technology is adopted.
And in the fifth step, a fertilizing box with a seed metering cup is additionally arranged in front of the mulching film and the drip irrigation belt, the fertilizer formula is that 0.99% of bacillus subtilis and 0.01% of DA-6 are added into the decomposed compost to granulate biological fertilizer, the width of the fertilizing belt is 10-15 cm, the fertilizer is uniformly and continuously discharged, and no obvious broken strip exists.
Further, the compost comprises the following components of 30% of crop stalk crushed slag, 30% of cow and sheep manure, 30% of humic acid, 8% of oil slag and 1% of syrup.
In the fifth sowing step, sowing is started at the temperature of 10.5 ℃ with the ground temperature of 5cm, the fertilizing amount is 3-8 kg per mu, 1.5kg of cotton is sowed per mu, 1 grain is sowed per hole, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
And further, the film sweeping and pressing step six is to clean the film surface in time after cotton sowing is finished, close the dibbling holes, and pile soil piles every 10m on the film surface.
In combination with the above technical solution and the technical problems to be solved, please analyze the following aspects to provide the following advantages and positive effects:
first, aiming at the technical problems in the prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, the technical problems solved by the technical proposal of the invention are analyzed in detail and deeply by tightly combining the technical proposal to be protected, the results and data in the research and development process, and the like, and some technical effects brought after the problems are solved have creative technical effects. The specific description is as follows:
the invention solves the problems of poor emergence, less than 30% of partial cotton field seedling protection, serious root rot disease, high death rate of over 20% and slow growth of cotton seedlings, about 1 less than main stem and leaf of cotton seedlings in the same period and serious seedling protection of the existing cotton by adopting the micro-environment acid-regulating cotton seedling protection cultivation method under the mulching film.
Secondly, the technical scheme is regarded as a whole or from the perspective of products, and the technical scheme to be protected has the following technical effects and advantages:
the technical scheme to be protected has the technical effects that the sustainable development of cotton planted in the existing saline-alkali soil is realized, the deserted land is effectively avoided, the income is increased by 600 yuan to 1500 yuan per hectare, the cotton lint quality can be improved by one grade, and the basic farmland high-quality construction is realized; has the advantages of low investment, quick response and easy operation.
Thirdly, as inventive supplementary evidence of the claims of the present invention, the following important aspects are also presented:
(1) The expected benefits and commercial values after the technical scheme of the invention is converted are as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention can realize sustainable development of cotton planted in the existing saline-alkali soil after transformation, effectively avoid deserted land, increase the income by 600 yuan to 1500 yuan per hectare, and improve the cotton lint quality by one grade.
(2) The technical scheme of the invention fills the technical blank in the domestic and foreign industries:
the technical scheme of the invention fills the blank of the domestic cotton germination microenvironment optimization technology, thereby realizing the early emergence of the seedlings and strong seedlings with little increase of unit cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to fully understand how the invention may be embodied by those skilled in the art, this section is an illustrative embodiment in which the claims are presented for purposes of illustration.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, land selection and land preparation: selecting a proper land and treating the land;
s102, variety selection: selecting a local popularization cotton variety with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturing;
s103, seed treatment: mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent;
s104, cotton field plant row spacing configuration: preparing proper planting density for precision sowing;
s105, sowing: sowing by adopting a sowing technology integrating fertilization, drip irrigation belts, plastic film mulching, precision sowing and soil covering between 1 day and 20 days in 4 months;
s106, field conventional cultivation management: dry sowing, wet discharging, film sweeping, film pressing, seedling placing, hole sealing, intertillage soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and water dripping and fertilization;
s107, harvesting.
The invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam or light loam with good soil layer curing, good permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and carrying out the processes of horizon, soil crushing, soil moisture sufficiency, full-layer fertilization and chemical weeding on the land;
(2) Planting varieties: new land number 78;
(3) Seed treatment: mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent;
(4) Row spacing configuration of cotton field plants: the planting density is 1.4-1.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and the precise sowing technology of (63+13) cm multiplied by 10cm is adopted;
(5) Sowing: the seeding technology of fertilization, drip irrigation belt laying, plastic film mulching, precision seeding and soil covering is adopted in the period of 4 months and 8 days, the seeding is started when the ground temperature of 5cm is stable at 12.5 ℃, the fertilization amount is 6kg per mu, the cotton is 1.5kg per mu, the seed sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(6) And (3) field conventional cultivation management: film sweeping and pressing, seedling placement and hole sealing, intertillage soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and control, water dripping and fertilization;
(7) Harvesting
Example 2:
a method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film comprises the following steps:
(1) Land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam or light loam with good soil layer curing, good permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and carrying out the processes of horizon, soil crushing, soil moisture sufficiency, full-layer fertilization and chemical weeding on the land;
(2) Planting varieties: new land number 78;
(3) Seed treatment: mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent;
(4) Row spacing configuration of cotton field plants: the planting density is 1.4-1.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and the precise sowing technology of (63+13) cm multiplied by 10cm is adopted;
(5) Sowing: the seeding technology of fertilization, drip irrigation belt laying, plastic film mulching, precision seeding and soil covering is adopted in 4 months and 4 days, the seeding is started when the ground temperature of 5cm is stable at 11.1 ℃, the fertilization amount is 5kg per mu, the cotton is 1.5kg per mu, the seed sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(6) And (3) field conventional cultivation management: film sweeping and pressing, seedling placement and hole sealing, intertillage soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and control, water dripping and fertilization;
(7) Harvesting
The emergence rate, root rot rate at seedling stage, harvest rate and average seed cotton acre yield of the above examples and comparative examples were counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1 comparison of planting modes
The costs of the above examples and comparative examples were also counted: the cost of applying the biological humic acid fertilizer is 13.5 yuan/mu, and the income is 560 yuan/mu.
The method for cultivating the acid-regulated cotton seedlings under the film in the micro environment reduces the PH under the film from 8.2 to 7.6 in the seedling stage, can improve the emergence rate of the cotton by 10.0-14.0%, reduces the root rot rate in the seedling stage by 14.0-15.0%, reduces the seedling rot rate by 10.0-11.0% compared with the common method, improves the yield by 13.0-16.0%, achieves the average mu yield of 476-481 kg/mu, and increases the yield by 17.2-18.5% compared with the common planting method of the cotton. The seedling protecting cultivation method is beneficial to reducing the PH value of soil, protecting seedlings when emergence, reducing the root rot rate of cotton seedlings and improving the yield of cotton.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for cultivating the acid-regulated cotton seedlings in the micro-environment under the film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting a proper land and treating the land;
step two, variety selection: selecting a local popularization cotton variety with strong disease resistance, high yield and early maturing;
step three, seed treatment: mechanically selecting full and unbroken cotton seeds, and coating with seed coating agent;
step four, cotton field plant row spacing configuration: preparing proper planting density for precision sowing;
step five, sowing: sowing by adopting a sowing technology integrating fertilization, drip irrigation belts, plastic film mulching, precision sowing and soil covering between 1 day and 20 days in 4 months;
step six, field conventional cultivation management: dry sowing, wet discharging, film sweeping, film pressing, seedling placing, hole sealing, intertillage soil loosening, weed pulling, chemical regulation and water dripping and fertilization;
and step seven, harvesting.
2. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to claim 1, wherein the selecting and preparing the soil in the first step specifically comprises: selecting sandy loam, loam or light clay with good soil layer curing, good permeability and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and carrying out the processes of horizon, soil breaking, soil moisture, full-layer fertilization and chemical weeding on the soil.
3. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to claim 2, wherein the soil breaking is a soil breaking operation of a pressing machine.
4. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings under a film according to claim 2, wherein the chemical weeding is 180ml of 33% emulsifiable concentrate pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate for each mu, 30kg of water is added, and soil spraying treatment is carried out uniformly.
5. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to claim 1, wherein the seed coating in the third step is Fuduo methyl.
6. The method for protecting seedlings of cotton in acid regulation under a film microenvironment according to claim 1, wherein the planting density in the fourth step is 1.4-1.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and the (63+13) cm×10cm precision seeding technology is adopted.
7. The method for protecting seedlings of cotton in acid regulation under a film according to claim 1, wherein a fertilizing box with a seed metering cup is additionally arranged in front of a mulching film and a drip irrigation zone in the fifth step, the fertilizer formula is that 0.99% of bacillus subtilis and 0.01% of DA-6 are added to the decomposed compost to granulate biological fertilizer, the width of the fertilizing zone is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer is uniformly and continuously discharged without obvious broken strips.
8. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to claim 7, wherein the composition of the compost comprises 30% of crop stalk crushed slag, 30% of cow and sheep manure, 30% of humic acid, 8% of oil residue and 1% of syrup.
9. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings in a micro-environment under a film according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth sowing step, sowing is started at a temperature of 10.5 ℃ with a ground temperature of 5cm, the fertilizing amount is 3-8 kg per mu, 1.5kg of cotton is sowed per mu, 1 grain is planted per hole, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
10. The method for cultivating acid-regulated cotton seedlings under a film according to claim 1, wherein the film sweeping and film pressing in the step six is to clean the film surface in time after cotton sowing is finished, close the dibbling holes, and pile soil piles every 10m on the film surface.
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| CN108157105A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method |
| CN108990748A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-14 | 广西走山农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of high-yield cotton |
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-
2023
- 2023-02-23 CN CN202310157553.7A patent/CN116210549A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203226002U (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-10-09 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Corn film mulching sower |
| CN104054485A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield culture method for planting cotton in high-risk cotton region |
| CN106961960A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of continuous cropping cotton |
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| CN108157105A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method |
| CN108990748A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-14 | 广西走山农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of high-yield cotton |
| CN211321996U (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-25 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Four-row corn and bean integrated film-laying seeder |
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