CN105191596B - A kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191596B CN105191596B CN201410280704.9A CN201410280704A CN105191596B CN 105191596 B CN105191596 B CN 105191596B CN 201410280704 A CN201410280704 A CN 201410280704A CN 105191596 B CN105191596 B CN 105191596B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation management method, includes the following steps：1）Sowing：Sowing date for early sowing, using 2.05 meters of controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulches, the mode of the Spacing form such as 76 centimetres of S types is sowed.2）Film is taken off before head water：Machinery takes off film before trickle irrigation first time water.3）Take off cotton inter-row cultivation operation after film.It sufficiently make use of the sunlight-heat reaources in field using line-spacing cropping patterns such as the cultivation management method of the present invention, 76 centimetres of S types, ensure that cotton individual dominance has obtained efficient performance；Using the planting patterns that film is taken off before controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch joint head water, effectively solves cotton field residual film pollution；The complete intertillage operation that can be carried out after film in the ranks is taken off, improves the edaphic condition of cotton late growth stage, promotes cotton seedling root growth and development, further improves output of cotton level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs a kind of cotton cultivation method, belongs to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Cotton is one of important industrial crops in China, and the development of Cotton Industry has Chinese Economy Development particularly significant
Effect.In the case where labor cost is constantly soaring, China the Changjiang river, Yellow River basin sown areas of cotton are constantly reduced, newly
Boundary and formation's Cotton Production are increasingly prominent in the status in the whole nation.Xinjiang is China high quality cotton base, and the plant cotton of China's maximum
Ecotope, cotton planting industry have become the important pillar of the economy in Xinjiang and plant the main source of cotton region farmers' income.
Xinjiang is scarcely populated, plants that cotton labour is especially nervous, and substantial amounts of labour need to from interior be introduced by picking up the adolescence every year,
Pick cost to be continuously improved, further to expand Cotton Production scale, increase farmers' income, its bottleneck restricted is exactly cotton
Pick the wretched insufficiency of labour and increasingly high picking expense.
Cotton in Xinjiang plantation uses mulch all the year round, and farmland mulch residual long-term accumulation, makes soil pollution increasingly aggravate.Quan Jiang
Cotton waste mulching film is averaged more than 5.73 kgs/acre of residual quantity, and residual film generates soil characteristic a series of adverse effects, directly
Farm machinery tillage quality is caused to decline, the growth and development to crops causes certain harm, and the improvement for residual film at present
A not effective method.
The invention, adopts cotton planting system the line-spacings such as 76 centimetres of S types and broadcasts from the use of controllable full-biodegradable mulch, machine
Take off film before kind of pattern, head water, take off film after the mechanization such as intertillage once complete, fully according to existing cotton picker harvesting approach carry out section
Huas, standardization, the complete set High Yield Cultivation Pattern of standardization, are an invention of great significance for leading cotton in Xinjiang to produce.Greatly
Power development machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation technique is raising Cotton Production economic benefit, improvement Xinjiang Farmland ecological environment, get rich worker
The masses, the major action for promoting Agriculture in Xinjiang modernization.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at a kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultural method is provided, to solve supporting cultivation in existing machine pick cotton plantation
The problems such as training technology lacks, residual film is administered.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, cotton cultivation method of the invention, includes the following steps：It is controllable complete raw using 2.05m
Thing degraded high efficiente callback mulch, 3 band of a film, drip irrigation zone are surveyed in middle row outside.
Cotton planting pattern is using the Spacing forms such as 76 centimetres of S types, spacing in the rows 8-12cm, S type line-spacing 4-8 cm, essence amount point
Broadcast.
The common ground film of cotton in the ranks was recycled using used plastic collection machinery in 1-3 days before the head water of cotton field, carried out within 3-5 days after head water
1 cotton inter-row cultivation operation.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Traditional machine pick cotton uses 1 film, 3 row cropping pattern, due to the influence of the harsh weather such as Low Temperature in Spring, disaster caused by a windstorm, emergence
Rate is low, survival rate of seedlings is poor, and using line-spacing patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types, the amount of sowing adds a quarter than conventional 1 film, 3 row mode, i.e.,
Preferable emergence rate can still be ensured by making to run into bad weather；Individual sunlight-heat reaources utilization rate is high under the line-spacing patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types,
Output of cotton has obtained effective raising.
Upright bar drags for film or takes off film before sowing after traditional used plastic collection mode uses cotton harvesting, and used plastic collection rate only has
Less than 50%, it is combined using the planting type that film is taken off before complete biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch and head water, the degraded of residual film on the field
Reach more than 85% with the rate of recovery, greatly reduced cotton field residual film pollution.
Traditional Inter-tillage styles are simply intertilled between mulch, and row carries out cotton in the ranks using cultivator after taking off film
Thorough farming, after head water intertillage play management of weeds, chesson, ventilation, tune to improving the edaphic condition of cotton late growth stage
Soil moisture is saved, promotes cotton seedling root growth and development, the disease-resistant effect of increase cotton seedling.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulches.
1 film of Fig. 2 tradition machine pick cotton, 3 row mode.
The line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types of Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific implementation case, but it is not as limiting to the invention.For
Implement machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation, using following steps：Selection of land：Selection soil fertility is medium on the upper side, and physical features is flat, the soil organism
For content up to more than 0.8%, soil salt content is less than 0.3%.
Whole layer placement of fertilizer：25-38 kgs/acre of whole layer placement of fertilizer nature total amount, wherein 15-20 kgs/acre of threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate
5-8 kgs/acre, 5-10 kgs/acre of urea.
Soil closes chemical weed control：Soil treatment is carried out with chemical herbicide before broadcasting, and after herbicide spraying, mixes soil cake,
Cake depth be 4.5-5 centimetres.
Seedbed preparation：With no matter rotating crops ground or continuous cropping, site preparation quality requirement reaches moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, net, neat " six words "
Standard.
Sowing date for early sowing：It can be sowed when the lower 5 centimetres of ground temperature of film is stablized for three days on end passes through 12 DEG C, 10-April 25 April
For Optimal sowing date.Trickle irrigation Zhi Maoguan is connected in 1 day after broadcasting, water of emerging in 2 days in drop.
Seeding method：Using 2.05m controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulches, a pipe a line, 3 band of a film, drip irrigation zone
Survey outside in middle row, the Spacing form such as 76 centimetres of S types, precision point sowing.
Film is taken off before head water:1-3 days before trickle irrigation mid-June first time water, using used plastic collection machinery recycling cotton row it
Between common ground film.
Managing after sowing:Rain is met after broadcasting and abolishes in time hardened, puts seedling sealing of hole in time, cotton seedling is unearthed 50%, look into time seedling, put seedling,
Sealing of hole.
Once intertilled in time after broadcasting, increase moisture in the soil, improving soil moisture, eliminate weeds, promoted seedling and early send out.During interval progress in 10 days is secondary
Plough, 12-14 centimetres of tilling depth.
Intertilled after taking off film:3-5 days after head water, cotton complete intertillage operation in the ranks is carried out using cultivator, improves cotton life
Educate the edaphic condition in later stage.
Chemical regulation:1.5-2 grams/acre of cotton 2-3 leaf phase foliage-spray casing couplings ammonium, 6-8 leaves phaseization adjust foliage-spray casing coupling
2-3 grams/acre of ammonium.Change before head water and adjust 3-4 grams/acre of foliage-spray casing coupling ammonium, control of binding in time in 5-7 days after topping, casing coupling ammonium blade face
Spray 12-15 grams/acre.
Drip:General mid-June starts to drip for the first time, and early September cuts off the water.Strict adherence rotation flow system, water droplet of emerging
15-20 side/mu, the breeding time amount of dripping 30-45 side/mu, pours water be spaced 8-12 days every time.
Fertilising:P, the general 80-9% of K fertilizer makees base manure, and N fertilizer 10-20% makees base manure and applies in the fall, mid-June, with water
Drop applies each 5-8 kgs/acre of urea, and flowering and boll-setting period increases each 1-2 kgs/acre of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
When early pinch:Cotton single plant fruit branch number of units reaches 7-8 platforms, during 65 centimetres of average plant height, starts to pinch, with reference to topping
At the same time 1-3 tongues deep-fried twisted dough sticks or fruit branch pinching, promote the growth of cotton lower periphery bell.
Spray defoliant and ripener:18-20 DEG C of daily mean temperature, daily minimal tcmperature are less than 15 DEG C, a general September left side on the 10th
The right side is the optimal spray phase, and the top bell phase, cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reached 30-40% or so up to 45 days.
Spray after defoliant 15-18 days, cotton field disleave rate up to 90%, adopt up to carrying out machine when more than 95% by blow-of-cottons rate.
Example 1：The 7th teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang in 2013 connects six bucket 64298-4 ground for 130 7 and uses 76 centimetres of S
The line-spacing such as type cropping pattern is planted, and tests 1.6 mu of area, and preceding stubble is cotton, and kind grinds No. 24 for Shandong cotton, planting density 9200
Plant/acre, paid 9100 plants/acre, sowing on April 16th, 2013, with taking off film on June 12, June 13 into Tou Shui, June 16 row
Between intertill, intertill 12 centimetres of depth, manually pinched June 27, September sprays defoliant ripener on 8th.6 squares are chosen during harvest
3 points of rice carries out survey production, and 7.59 grams of cotton plant Each root weight, 5.92 grams of cotton boll Single boll weight, average boll per plant 8.37, converts into average
Yield is 451 kgs/acre.
Compared with No. 24 cropping patterns being ground with same field to 1 film of more solito, 3 row Shandong cotton, 3 row mode field kind of conventional 1 film
7500 plants/acre of density in planting, paid 7400 plants/acre, outer, other fields operation all same is intertilled after film except taking off film and taking off, and is surveyed when producing
7.41 grams of cotton plant Each root weight, 5.92 grams of cotton boll Single boll weight, average boll per plant 9.74, convert into average product for 432 kilograms/
Mu.For the line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types than 3 row mode of conventional 1 film volume increase 4.2%, the line-spacing cropping pattern such as 76 centimetres of S types is residual
The film rate of recovery has reached 85.7%, and upright bar model worker's used plastic collection rate only has 47. 6% after the 3 row mode autumn harvest of conventional 1 film.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation management method, including use controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch, 76 centimetres of S types
Deng line-spacing cropping pattern, film is taken off before head water, inter-row cultivation operation after head water, is sowed, spacing in the rows by the way of 3 drip irrigation zones of a film
9-12 centimetres, it is characterised in that using following steps：
Selection of land：Selection soil fertility is medium on the upper side, and physical features is flat, and for soil organic matter content up to more than 0.8%, soil salt content is small
In 0.3%；
Whole layer placement of fertilizer：25-38 kgs/acre of whole layer placement of fertilizer nature total amount, wherein 15-20 kgs/acre of threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate 5-8
Kg/acre, 5-10 kgs/acre of urea；
Soil closes chemical weed control：Carries out soil treatment with chemical herbicide before broadcasting, after herbicide spraying, mixed soil of raking the soil level, is harrowed
Ground depth is 4.5-5 centimetres；
Seedbed preparation：With no matter rotating crops ground or continuous cropping, site preparation quality requirement reaches moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, net, neat " six words " mark
It is accurate；
Sowing date for early sowing：It can be sowed when the lower 5 centimetres of ground temperature of film is stablized for three days on end passes through 12 DEG C；
Seeding method：Using 2.05m controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulches, a pipe a line, 3 band of a film, drip irrigation zone is outside
On the inside of middle row, the Spacing form such as 76 centimetres of S types, precision point sowing；
Film is taken off before head water：1-3 days before trickle irrigation mid-June first time water, using between used plastic collection machinery recycling cotton row
Common ground film；
Managing after sowing：Rain is met after broadcasting and abolishes in time hardened, puts seedling sealing of hole in time, cotton seedling is unearthed 50%, looks into seedling in time, puts seedling, envelope
Hole；
Once intertilled in time after broadcasting, increase moisture in the soil, improving soil moisture, eliminate weeds, promoted seedling and early send out, interval carries out secondary intertillage in 10 days, ploughs
Deep 12-14 centimetres；
Intertilled after taking off film：3-5 days after head water, cotton complete intertillage operation in the ranks is carried out using cultivator；
Chemical regulation：1.5-2 grams/acre of cotton 2-3 leaf phases foliage-spray mepiquat chloride, 6-8 leaves phaseization adjust foliage-spray mepiquat chloride
2-3 grams/acre, change before head water and adjust 3-4 grams/acre of foliage-spray mepiquat chloride, 5-7 days after topping, mepiquat chloride foliage-spray 12-15
Gram/acre；
Drip：Start mid-June to drip for the first time, early September cuts off the water, emergence water droplet water 15-20 side/mu, the breeding time amount of dripping
30-45 side/mu, pours water be spaced 8-12 days every time；
Fertilising：P, K fertilizer 80% makees base manure, and N fertilizer 10-20% makees base manure and applies in the fall, and mid-June, it is every to apply urea with water droplet
Secondary 5-8 kgs/acre, flowering and boll-setting period increases each 1-2 kgs/acre of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
Topping：Cotton single plant fruit branch number of units reaches 7-8 platforms, during 65 centimetres of average plant height, starts to pinch, with reference to topping at the same time
1-3 tongues deep-fried twisted dough sticks or fruit branch pinching, promote the growth of cotton lower periphery bell；
Spray defoliant and ripener：18-20 DEG C of daily mean temperature, daily minimal tcmperature are less than 15 DEG C, and September 10 days or so is optimal spray
The medicine phase, the top bell phase, cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reached 30-40% up to 45 days；
Spray after defoliant 15-18 days, cotton field disleave rate up to 90%, adopt up to carrying out machine when more than 95% by blow-of-cottons rate；
2.05 meters of controllable full-biodegradables high efficiente callback mulch is：2.05 meters of controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulches,
Middle 8-12 centimetres of Biodegradable films part, 20-23 centimetres of both sides biodegradation membrane part, other parts are common ground film.
2. the machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation management method according to right 1, it is characterised in that the line-spacing planting die such as 76 centimetres of S types
Formula is cotton plant average row away from for 76 centimetres, and the distribution of S types, 4-8 centimetres of S type duplicate rows line-spacing, cotton is presented in each single plant in cotton row
Flower sowing simple grain program request.
3. the machine pick cotton environmental protection cultivation management method according to right 1, it is characterised in that 3-5 days after head water, use intertillage
Machine once, intertills 12-14 centimetres of depth in cotton inter-row cultivation.
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| CN105638205A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cotton planting method |
| CN109429932A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method |
| CN110786217B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103329704A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆科神农业装备科技开发有限公司 | Ultra-narrow-row cotton planting method |
| CN103733925A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 山东农业大学 | High-efficiency recycling mulching film with controllable full-biodegradation strips on two sides |
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| CN102138418A (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-08-03 | 新疆农业大学 | Cotton cultivation method |
| CN103004449B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cultivation and management method of organic cotton |
| CN103597998B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团农六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of cotton by drip irrigation under plastic film |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103329704A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-02 | 新疆科神农业装备科技开发有限公司 | Ultra-narrow-row cotton planting method |
| CN103733925A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-23 | 山东农业大学 | High-efficiency recycling mulching film with controllable full-biodegradation strips on two sides |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 新植杂2号杂交棉高产栽培要点;陈绍栋;《农村科技》;20140115(第1期);第23页 * |
| 杂交棉直播稀植高产栽培技术;戴德成;《中国种业》;20100515(第 5 期);第54-55页 * |
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Inventor after: Sang Zhiqin Inventor after: Wang Min Inventor after: Zhang Zhanqin Inventor after: Yang Xiangkun Inventor after: Chen Bing Inventor after: Chen Shubin Inventor after: Wang Youde Inventor after: Duan Zhenyu Inventor after: Wang Ting Inventor after: Guo Bin Inventor before: Sang Zhiqin Inventor before: Wang Min Inventor before: Wei Jianjun Inventor before: Zhang Zhanqin Inventor before: Chen Bing Inventor before: Chen Shubin Inventor before: Wang Youde Inventor before: Duan Zhenyu Inventor before: Wang Ting Inventor before: Guo Bin |
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