CN113575325A - Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix - Google Patents
Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix. Relates to the technical field of dry farming agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: scribing lines; ridging; land disinfection; seed treatment; sowing and applying base fertilizer; coating a film; and (5) field management and harvesting. The method integrates the technologies of covering, evaporation inhibition, film surface rain collection and furrow planting, reduces the ground evaporation to the lowest, preserves natural rainfall to the maximum extent, can effectively intercept micro rainfall (5-10 mm) and even ineffective rainfall in early spring, enables the micro rainfall to infiltrate into the root of crops on the spot, improves the water condition of a soil plough layer, meets the requirement of growth and development of the crops in dry land on water, and improves the emergence rate of the coix seed by 13.7-18.0% aiming at the serious drought in early spring in the major producing area of the coix seed; the production cost of planting is reduced by 23-25%; the yield per unit of the coix lacryma-jobi is improved by 24.3-26.6%, and the effects of preserving soil moisture, collecting rain, increasing temperature and light, suppressing grasses, preventing diseases, increasing production and income are achieved. The method has positive promoting effect on the development of dry farming agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dry farming agriculture, in particular to a double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for wide-narrow-row side film furrows of coix.
Background
Coix lacryma-jobi L is a traditional medical and edible economic crop which grows for one year or more, and has rich nutrition and high medicinal value. The method has the characteristics of wide adaptability, high yield, easy cultivation and the like, favors warm and sunny and humid environments, is suitable for being developed and planted in Guizhou karst mountainous areas with the altitude of 600-1500 m, the annual average temperature of not less than 15 ℃, the suitable growth temperature of 15-30 ℃ and the suitable rainfall of 800-1500 mm, has unique development advantages and good development foundation,
however, some outstanding problems and difficulties exist in planting, mainly lack of high-yield and high-quality coix seeds, laggard cultivation technology, more manpower and material resources required by coix seed planting, labor shortage, increased labor price, extensive management, high production cost, low yield of coix seeds, unsatisfactory planting benefit of farmers, influence on planting enthusiasm of farmers, cause serious shortage of coix seeds, need to be introduced from provinces or foreign countries for 70 percent, and influence on the quality of coix seeds due to the fact that coix seeds are good and uneven in quality, meanwhile, the coix seed products are vigorous in market demand, have large gaps, and have prominent contradictions between supply and demand.
Therefore, how to provide a solution is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a double-sowing high-yield cultivation method of coix by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of the coix seeds by the wide-narrow-row side-film furrow is researched, so that the purposes of saving the production cost and improving the single yield are achieved, and the method has higher scientific value and wide application prospect in promoting cost saving and efficiency improvement of coix seed raw material production, improving the planting benefit, the scale and level of the coix seed industry, enhancing the development aftereffect and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing rows: each ridge is provided with a wide row and a narrow row, the wide row is 80-100 cm, and the narrow row is 50-70 cm;
(2) ridging: ditching and ridging according to the planting trend of crops, wherein the wide rows are provided with large ridges 14-15 cm high, the narrow rows are provided with small ridges 9-10 cm high, and each ridge corresponds to two ridge surfaces which are one large, one small, one high and one low;
(3) land disinfection: mainly used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeds, 40 percent of zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil is used for each mu: the mass ratio of the fine sand to the fine sand is 1: 60; or 40% zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil: continuously spraying for 2-3 times, wherein the water mass ratio is 1: 60; or using 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate: spraying the mixture according to the water mass ratio of 1: 500;
(4) seed treatment;
(5) sowing and applying base fertilizer;
(6) film covering: according to the ditching and ridging trend, a degradable film is coated, the thickness of the film is 0.008-0.01 mm, the width of the film is 80-100 cm, a ditch with the depth of 4.8-5 cm is formed along a side line, the film is coated along wide rows, the film is coated while the seeds are planted, the narrow-row soil is fixed every 0.9-1 m along a mulching film, the soil is transversely pressed on the mulching film every 3-4 m, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, and the ridge surface of the wide rows is arched;
(7) and (5) field management and harvesting.
Further: the seeding is carried out according to the north-south direction of the terrain.
Planting by analogy, digging drainage ditches in the ground every 10-15 m according to the drainage trend, wherein the drainage ditches are 50-60 cm in width and 20-30 cm in depth; after the film covering is finished, protection management is practically done, and the film uncovering caused by trampling of livestock entering the ground and strong wind is prevented. And (5) inspecting the furrow line by line, and covering tightly with fine soil once the damage is found.
Preferably: selecting land and preparing land before rowing: and selecting a land with the gradient of less than 25 degrees and the thickness of a plough layer of not less than 25cm for planting, deeply ploughing the land to 25-30 cm before planting, leveling the ground surface, and cleaning sundries and weeds.
Has the advantages that: the effects of no stubble on the upper part and no stubble on the lower part, and smooth and particle-free ground are achieved, good soil conditions are created for film mulching and sowing, the drought resistance and water retention capacity of the coix can be improved, and the growth and development of the coix are promoted.
Preferably: and (4) selecting varieties of seeds: the growing period is 150-160 days, and the average yield per unit is 250-400 kg/mu of coix seed variety.
Further: comprises small white shell of Xingren, Qian coix seed No. 2, Qinglong glutinous coix seed and other varieties.
Preferably: and (4) treating the seeds in any one of the following three modes:
a: screening full seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds; soaking the selected seeds in boiling water at 100 ℃ for 10-20 s, taking out, and drying for later use;
b: screening plump seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds, and mixing the seeds, water and pesticide according to a mass ratio of 45-50 kg: 50-75 kg: 0.05-0.1 kg of pesticide, soaking for 30-60 min, and airing for later use, wherein the pesticide is any one of 50% of carbendazim, 50% of thiophanate methyl or 15% of triazolone wettable powder;
c: directly adopts the coating seed.
Further: the preparation equipment and process of the coating seeds are conventional technologies, and can be seen in the literature: influence of 10.2% of a suspension seed coating agent of pentoxazole and thiram on seed germination and seedling growth of coix seed [. populi et al, 2018.
Further: the screening standard is that clear water is used to float empty and shriveled seeds, and then green seeds and white seeds with diseases and insect pests and immature seeds are picked out.
Preferably: sowing and applying base fertilizer: in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle last ten days of 4 months, when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃, seeds are adopted for direct seeding in the narrow rows in the step (1), the spacing between the rows and the plants is 50-60 cm multiplied by 50-70 cm, and 10-15 seeds are sowed in each seed hole; and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the distance between the seed holes and the base fertilizer is 2-3 cm, and covering 2-4 cm with fine soil.
Preferably: and (5) base fertilizer: applying 500-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer to each mu; or 25-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
Further, nitrogen in the ternary compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the potassium content is 15 percent;
and (6) when the mulching film is covered, tensioning and spreading the mulching film, planting two rows of coix seeds on one side of the mulching film, and planting by analogy. And digging drainage ditches in the planting field every 10-15 cm according to the planting trend, wherein the drainage ditches are 50-60 cm in width and 20-30 cm in depth.
Preferably: the field management of the step (7) comprises the following steps: thinning and final singling, intertillage weeding, topdressing, pest control and artificial supplementary pollination.
Preferably: thinning and final singling: thinning and final singling the coix lacryma-jobi seedlings when 3-4 main leaves grow out, weeding and removing dense seedlings and weak seedlings, and reserving 6-8 strong seedlings; supplementing seedlings when the seedlings are deficient; planting density of the coix seeds: the number of effective plants per mu is 20000-25000.
Preferably: intertillage weeding and topdressing:
weeding the coix 3 times from sowing to maturity, topdressing for 3 times:
weeding when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high in the 1 st seedling stage before topdressing and fertilizer application, topdressing and fertilizer application are carried out, and 15-20 kg of urea is applied per mu;
in the tillering stage 2, when each plant has 2-3 effective tillers and the height of the seedling is 30-60 cm, weeding is carried out, and meanwhile, tillering fertilizer is applied, and 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu;
and 3, finishing booting at the end of the booting ear, performing fruit dressing: 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 100-200 g of monopotassium phosphate diluent is sprayed per mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer is continuously sprayed twice, wherein the mass ratio of monopotassium phosphate to water is 1: 300.
Has the advantages that: the secondary weeding and top dressing ensures the effective tillering and robustness.
The third weeding and top dressing ensures full seeds, reduces the number of empty and shrivelled shells and improves the yield.
Further: and (3) pest control: common plant diseases and insect pests of the coix comprise smut, leaf blight, corn borer, armyworm and the like, and are controlled according to the field occurrence condition;
artificial supplementary pollination: in the full-bloom stage, 9-10 am, the plant is shaken by the bamboo pole to make the pollen fly upward, and the pollination rate is improved.
Preferably: harvesting: when the leaves at the lower part of the plant turn yellow and 80% of the seeds are mature and become light brown, harvesting, threshing and spreading and drying the seeds to be dry.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by using wide-narrow-row side films and furrows, and the obtained technical effects are that evaporation suppression is covered, rain collection by film surfaces and furrow planting technology are integrated, the ground evaporation is reduced to the lowest, natural rainfall is kept to the maximum extent, and particularly, micro rainfall (5-10 mm) and even ineffective rainfall in early spring can be effectively intercepted, so that the rainfall penetrates into the roots of crops on the spot, the moisture condition of a soil plough layer is improved, the requirement of the growth and development of the crops in dry land on the moisture is met, and the emergence rate of the coix seeds is improved by 13.7-18.0% aiming at the serious drought in early spring in a major production area of the coix seeds; the production cost of planting is reduced by 23-25%; the yield per unit of the coix lacryma-jobi is improved by 24.3-26.6%, and the effects of preserving soil moisture, collecting rain, increasing temperature and light, suppressing grasses, preventing diseases, increasing production and income are achieved. The technology is popularized in arid and semi-arid regions, and positive promotion effect is generated on the development of dry farming agriculture.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the wide-narrow row film-furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the wide-narrow row film-furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix. The layout is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
Example 1
A double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows comprises the following steps:
1. land selection and preparation
And selecting a land with the gradient of less than 25 degrees and the thickness of a plough layer of not less than 25cm for planting, deeply ploughing the land to 25-30 cm before planting, leveling the ground surface, and cleaning sundries and weeds.
2. Row-making and ridge-forming
(1) Dividing rows: each ridge is divided into two rows with width of 80cm and width of 50cm, firstly a side line is drawn on the ground, a side line of the narrow row is drawn at a position of 50cm along the side line, and then the whole field is drawn at intervals of one width and one narrow.
(2) Ridging: ditching and ridging according to the crop planting trend, ditching and ridging on gentle slope lands along contour lines, wherein the width of a large ridge is 80cm, the height of the large ridge is 15cm, the width of a small ridge is 50cm, the height of the small ridge is 10cm, each ridge corresponds to two ridge surfaces, namely one large ridge, one small ridge, one high ridge and one low ridge, the width of the ridge and the width of a furrow are uniform, and the ridge heights are consistent.
3. Land disinfection
The soil pest is serious land, 40% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used in each mu: and (3) mixing the fine sand soil with the fine sand soil according to the mass ratio of 1:60, and spreading the mixture.
4. Variety selection
Selecting coix seeds suitable for local planting, wherein the growing period of the coix seeds is 150-160 d, and the average yield per mu is 250-400 kg/mu.
Treating seeds and applying coating seeds.
5. Sowing and applying base fertilizer
The coix seeds are directly sowed, and the coix seeds are planted according to the north-south direction of the terrain, firstly, two rows of coix seeds are planted in one direction, and the row spacing of the planted rows is 50cm multiplied by 60 cm; during planting, 10-15 seeds are planted, then 500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer (the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%) are applied to each mu, the distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is 2-3 cm, and fine soil is used for covering 2-4 cm.
6. Film covering: according to the ditching and ridging trend, a degradable film is covered, one side for planting the coix seeds is covered with the degradable film and compacted, the width of the film is 80cm, the thickness of the film is 0.008-0.01 mm, trenches with the depth of 4.8-5 cm are formed along edge lines, the film is covered along wide rows, the edge seeds are covered with the film, narrow-row soil is fixed along the film every 0.9-1 m, soil is transversely pressed on the film every 3-4 m, the film is tensioned, spread and laid flat, and the ridge surface with the wide rows is arched.
When in film covering, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, two rows of coix seeds are planted on one side of the mulching film, and the like. And digging drainage ditches in the planting field every 10-15 cm according to the planting trend, wherein the drainage ditches are 50cm in width and 30cm in depth.
7. Management of field
(1) Thinning and final singling: thinning and final singling the coix lacryma-jobi seedlings when 3-4 main leaves grow out, weeding and removing dense seedlings and weak seedlings, and reserving 6-8 strong seedlings; supplementing seedlings when the seedlings are deficient; planting density of the coix seeds: the number of effective plants per mu is 19100-22870.
(2) Intertillage weeding and topdressing: weeding the coix 3 times from sowing to maturity, topdressing for 3 times:
weeding when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high in the 1 st seedling stage before topdressing and fertilizer application, topdressing and fertilizer application are carried out, and 15-20 kg of urea is applied per mu;
in the tillering stage 2, when each plant has 2-3 effective tillers and the height of the seedling is 30cm, weeding is carried out, and meanwhile, tillering fertilizer is applied, and 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu;
and 3, finishing booting at the end of the booting ear, performing fruit dressing: 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 100g of monopotassium phosphate diluent is sprayed per mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer is continuously sprayed twice, wherein the mass ratio of monopotassium phosphate to water is 1: 300.
(3) And (3) pest control: common plant diseases and insect pests of the coix comprise smut, leaf blight, corn borer, armyworm and the like, and are controlled according to the field occurrence conditions.
(4) Artificial supplementary pollination: the coix seeds need to be subjected to artificial supplementary pollination, and in the full-bloom stage, 9-10 am, plants are shaken by bamboo poles or ropes, so that pollen is raised, and the pollination rate is improved.
8. Harvesting
When the leaves at the lower part of the plant turn yellow and 80% of the seeds are mature and become light brown, harvesting, threshing and spreading and drying the seeds to be dry.
Example 2
A double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows comprises the following steps:
1. land selection and preparation
And selecting a land with the gradient of less than 25 degrees and the thickness of a plough layer of not less than 25cm for planting, deeply ploughing the land to 25-30 cm before planting, leveling the ground surface, and cleaning sundries and weeds.
2. Row-making and ridge-forming
(1) Dividing rows: each ridge is divided into two rows with width of 100cm and narrow of 70cm, firstly a side line is drawn on the ground, the side line of the narrow row is drawn at the position of 70cm along the side line, and then the whole field is drawn at intervals of one width and one narrow.
(2) Ridging: ditching and ridging according to the crop planting trend, ditching and ridging on gentle slope lands along contour lines, wherein the width of a large ridge is 100cm, the height of the large ridge is 15cm, the width of a small ridge is 70cm, the height of the small ridge is 10cm, each ridge corresponds to two ridge surfaces, namely one large ridge, one small ridge, one high ridge and one low ridge, the width of the ridge and the width of a furrow are uniform, and the ridge heights are consistent.
3. Land disinfection
The soil pest is serious land, 40% zinc sulfur phosphor emulsifiable concentrate: the water mass ratio is 1:60, the mixture is uniformly stirred and sprayed, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 3 times.
4. Variety selection
Selecting coix seeds suitable for local planting, wherein the growing period of the coix seeds is 150-160 d, and the average yield per mu is 250-400 kg/mu.
Seed treatment
Screening full seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds, and mixing the seeds, water and pesticide according to a mass ratio of 50 kg: 50 kg: 0.05kg of the raw materials are mixed, soaked for 30min and dried for later use.
Wherein the pesticide is 50% carbendazim.
5. Sowing and applying base fertilizer
The coix seeds are directly sowed, and the coix seeds are planted according to the north-south direction of the terrain, firstly, two rows of coix seeds are planted in one direction, and the row spacing of the planted rows is 70cm multiplied by 60 cm; when the fertilizer is planted, 10-15 seeds are planted, 25kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15%) are applied to each mu, the distance between the seeds and the fertilizer is 2-3 cm, and fine soil is used for covering 2-4 cm.
6. Film mulching and seeding
According to the ditching and ridging trend, a degradable film is covered, one side for planting the coix seeds is covered with the degradable film and compacted, the width of the film is 80cm, the thickness of the film is 0.008-0.01 mm, trenches with the depth of 4.8-5 cm are formed along edge lines, the film is covered along wide rows, the edge seeds are covered with the film, narrow-row soil is fixed along the film every 0.9-1 m, soil is transversely pressed on the film every 3-4 m, the film is tensioned, spread and laid flat, and the ridge surface with the wide rows is arched.
When in film covering, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, two rows of coix seeds are planted on one side of the mulching film, and the like. And digging drainage ditches in the planting field every 10-15 cm according to the planting trend, wherein the drainage ditches are 60cm in width and 20cm in depth.
7. Management of field
(1) Thinning and final singling: thinning and final singling the coix lacryma-jobi seedlings when 3-4 main leaves grow out, weeding and removing dense seedlings and weak seedlings, and reserving 6-8 strong seedlings; supplementing seedlings when the seedlings are deficient; planting density of the coix seeds: the number of effective plants per mu is 19100-22870.
(2) Intertillage weeding and topdressing: weeding the coix 3 times from sowing to maturity, topdressing for 3 times:
weeding when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high in the 1 st seedling stage before topdressing and fertilizer application, topdressing and fertilizer application are carried out, and 15-20 kg of urea is applied per mu;
in the tillering stage 2, when each plant has 2-3 effective tillers and the height of the seedling is 30cm, weeding is carried out, and meanwhile, tillering fertilizer is applied, and 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu;
and 3, finishing booting at the end of the booting ear, performing fruit dressing: 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 150g of monopotassium phosphate diluent is sprayed per mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer is continuously sprayed twice, wherein the mass ratio of monopotassium phosphate to water is 1: 300.
(3) And (3) pest control: common plant diseases and insect pests of the coix comprise smut, leaf blight, corn borer, armyworm and the like, and are controlled according to the field occurrence conditions.
(4) Artificial supplementary pollination: the coix seeds need to be subjected to artificial supplementary pollination, and in the full-bloom stage, 9-10 am, plants are shaken by bamboo poles or ropes, so that pollen is raised, and the pollination rate is improved.
8. Harvesting
When the leaves at the lower part of the plant turn yellow and 80% of the seeds are mature and become light brown, harvesting, threshing and spreading and drying the seeds to be dry.
Example 3
A double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing rows: each ridge is provided with a wide row and a narrow row, the wide row is 90cm, and the narrow row is 60 cm;
(2) ridging: ditching and ridging according to the planting trend of crops, wherein the wide rows are provided with large ridges 14cm high, and the narrow rows are provided with small ridges 9cm high;
(3) land disinfection: the soil pest is serious land, 40% zinc sulfur phosphor emulsifiable concentrate: uniformly stirring and spraying the mixture for 3 times according to the water mass ratio of 1: 60;
(4) seed treatment: screening full seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds; soaking the selected seeds in 100 deg.C boiling water for 10s, taking out, and air drying.
Wherein the pesticide is 15% triazolone wettable powder.
(5) Sowing and applying base fertilizer: in late 3 months, when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃, sowing seeds in the narrow rows in the step (1) by direct sowing, wherein the spacing between the rows and the plants is 60cm multiplied by 70cm, and 10-15 seeds are sowed in each seed hole; then applying base fertilizer, wherein the distance between the seed hole and the base fertilizer is 2.5cm, and covering 3cm with fine soil;
(6) film covering: according to the ditching and ridging trend, a degradable film is coated, the film thickness is 0.009mm, the width is 90cm, a ditch with the depth of 5cm is formed along the edge line, the degradable film is covered along the wide row, the degradable film is coated while the seeds are planted, soil in the narrow row is fixed every 0.9m along the mulching film, the soil is transversely pressed on the mulching film every 3m, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, and the ridge surface in the wide row is arched;
when in film covering, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, two rows of coix seeds are planted on one side of the mulching film, and the like. And digging drainage ditches in the planting field at intervals of 13cm according to the planting trend, wherein the drainage ditches are 55cm in width and 25cm in depth.
(7) And (5) field management and harvesting.
Selecting land and preparing land before rowing: and selecting a land with the gradient of less than 25 degrees and the thickness of a plough layer of not less than 25cm for planting, deeply ploughing the land to 25cm before planting, leveling the ground surface, and cleaning sundries and weeds.
And (4) selecting varieties of seeds: the growing period is 150-160 days, and the average yield per unit is 250-400 kg/mu of coix seed variety.
Step (4), seed treatment: screening plump seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds, and mixing the seeds, water and pesticide according to a mass ratio of 45 kg: 75 kg: 0.1kg of the raw materials are mixed, soaked for 60min, aired for later use,
wherein the pesticide is 50% thiophanate methyl.
And (5) base fertilizer: 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to each mu.
The field management of the step (7) comprises the following steps: thinning and final singling, intertillage weeding, topdressing, pest control and artificial supplementary pollination.
Thinning and final singling: thinning and final singling the coix lacryma-jobi seedlings when 3-4 main leaves grow out, weeding and removing dense seedlings and weak seedlings, and reserving 6-8 strong seedlings; supplementing seedlings when the seedlings are deficient; planting density of the coix seeds: 23000 effective plants per mu.
Intertillage weeding and topdressing:
weeding the coix 3 times from sowing to maturity, topdressing for 3 times:
weeding when the height of the seedlings is 25cm in the seedling stage 1 and before strong seedling dressing and fertilizer application, dressing and extracting the seedling fertilizer, and applying 18kg of urea per mu;
in the tillering stage 2, when each plant has 3 effective tillers and the seedling height is 50cm, weeding is carried out, and meanwhile, tillering fertilizer is applied, and 28kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu;
and 3, finishing booting at the end of the booting ear, performing fruit dressing: 23kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and monopotassium phosphate diluent is sprayed twice continuously, wherein the mass ratio of monopotassium phosphate to water is 1: 300.
Harvesting: when the leaves at the lower part of the plant turn yellow and 80% of the seeds are mature and become light brown, harvesting, threshing and spreading and drying the seeds to be dry.
Control experiment
Control group 1: the difference compared to example 1 is: the method is characterized in that the method is used for leveling the ground, ridging in the step (2) and land disinfection in the step (3) are omitted, base fertilizer is not applied, the spacing is limited, conventional fertilization is performed, no film is coated, planting is performed at equal row spacing, the row spacing of plants is 60cm multiplied by 60cm, and the planting density is 20000-25000 plants.
Control group 2: the difference compared to example 1 is: and (3) for leveling the ground, ridging in the step (2) and land disinfection in the step (3) are omitted, and the ground is still leveled after wide-row film covering.
The test effects of examples 1-3 and control groups 1 and 2 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Yield (kg/mu) | Smut incidence (%) | Percentage of empty grain (%) | Percentage of germination (%) | |
| Example 1 | 386.4 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 94.6 |
| Example 2 | 379.5 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 91.2 |
| Example 3 | 381.1 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 92.1 |
| Control group 1 | 287.3 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 76.7 |
| Control group 2 | 305.2 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 80.2 |
As can be seen from the data in the table, the double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for the coix by the wide-narrow-row side film furrows, provided by the invention, has the following characteristics:
(1) aiming at the conditions that the coix lacryma major producing area is seriously drought in early spring and has no irrigation condition, the invention can collect only rainwater through the mulching film, and the rainwater flows to the seeds through two sides of the mulching film for the seeds to sprout, thereby improving the emergence rate by about 13.7-18.0% compared with the control group 2.
(2) The invention adopts the mulching film to cover the field, occupies most of the land area, saves the labor cost in field management (weeding and the like), and saves the planting production cost by about 23-25%.
(3) The method adopts a wide-narrow row cultivation technology, so that the field is dense, the ventilation, air permeability and light transmittance capability of the field are improved, the sunlight is fully utilized for photosynthesis, the nutrition is accumulated, and the yield per unit of the coix lacryma-jobi is improved by about 24.3-26.6% compared with that of the coix lacryma-jobi in a control group 2.
(4) The degradable mulching film is adopted for covering, so that the degradable mulching film can be automatically degraded in 80-100 days in the field, and the pollution is not too great.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix seeds by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dividing rows: each ridge is provided with a wide row and a narrow row, the wide row is 80-100 cm, and the narrow row is 50-70 cm;
(2) ridging: ditching and ridging according to the planting trend of crops, wherein the wide rows are provided with large ridges 14-15 cm high, the narrow rows are provided with small ridges 9-10 cm high, and each ridge corresponds to two ridge surfaces which are one large, one small, one high and one low;
(3) land disinfection: mainly used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and weeds, 40 percent of zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil is used for each mu: the mass ratio of the fine sand to the fine sand is 1: 60; or 40% zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil: continuously spraying for 2-3 times, wherein the water mass ratio is 1: 60; or using 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate: spraying the mixture according to the water mass ratio of 1: 500;
(4) seed treatment;
(5) sowing and applying base fertilizer;
(6) film covering: according to the ditching and ridging trend, a degradable film is coated, the thickness of the film is 0.008-0.01 mm, the width of the film is 80-100 cm, a ditch with the depth of 4.8-5 cm is formed along a side line, the film is coated along wide rows, the film is coated while the seeds are planted, the narrow-row soil is fixed every 0.9-1 m along a mulching film, the soil is transversely pressed on the mulching film every 3-4 m, the mulching film is tensioned and spread flat, and the ridge surface of the wide rows is arched;
(7) and (5) field management and harvesting.
2. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix seeds in wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the steps of selecting land and preparing land: and selecting a land with the gradient of less than 25 degrees and the thickness of a plough layer of not less than 25cm for planting, deeply ploughing the land to 25-30 cm before planting, leveling the ground surface, and cleaning sundries and weeds.
3. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed variety selection in step (4): the growing period is 150-160 days, and the average yield per unit is 250-400 kg/mu of coix seed variety.
4. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 1, wherein the seed treatment in the step (4) comprises any one of the following three modes:
a: screening full seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds; soaking the selected seeds in boiling water at 100 ℃ for 10-20 s, taking out, and drying for later use;
b: screening plump seeds without diseases and insect pests as seeds, and mixing the seeds, water and pesticide according to a mass ratio of 45-50 kg: 50-75 kg: 0.05-0.1 kg of the raw materials are mixed, soaked for 30-60 min, dried for later use,
wherein the pesticide is any one of 50% of carbendazim, 50% of thiophanate methyl or 15% of triadimefon wettable powder;
c: adopts a coating seed.
5. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing and applying of base fertilizer: in the last ten days of 3 months to the middle last ten days of 4 months, when the air temperature is stable above 15 ℃, seeds are adopted for direct seeding in the narrow rows in the step (1), the spacing between the rows and the plants is 50-60 cm multiplied by 50-70 cm, and 10-15 seeds are sowed in each seed hole; and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the distance between the seed holes and the base fertilizer is 2-3 cm, and covering 2-4 cm with fine soil.
6. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix seeds in wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 5, wherein the base fertilizer in the step (5): applying 500-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 25-30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer to each mu; or 25-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 25-50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu.
7. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 1, wherein the field management in step (7) comprises: thinning and final singling, intertillage weeding, topdressing, pest control and artificial supplementary pollination.
8. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the thinning and final singling: thinning and final singling the coix lacryma-jobi seedlings when 3-4 main leaves grow out, weeding and removing dense seedlings and weak seedlings, and reserving 6-8 strong seedlings; supplementing seedlings when the seedlings are deficient; planting density of the coix seeds: the number of effective plants per mu is 20000-25000.
9. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix seeds in wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 7, wherein the intertillage, weeding and topdressing comprises the following steps:
weeding the coix 3 times from sowing to maturity, topdressing for 3 times:
weeding when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high in the 1 st seedling stage before topdressing and fertilizer application, topdressing and fertilizer application are carried out, and 15-20 kg of urea is applied per mu;
in the tillering stage 2, when each plant has 2-3 effective tillers and the height of the seedling is 30-60 cm, weeding is carried out, and meanwhile, tillering fertilizer is applied, and 25-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu;
and 3, finishing booting at the end of the booting ear, performing fruit dressing: 20-25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 100-200 g of monopotassium phosphate diluent is sprayed per mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer is continuously sprayed twice, wherein the mass ratio of monopotassium phosphate to water is 1: 300.
10. The method for double-sowing high-yield cultivation of coix lacryma-jobi by wide and narrow rows and side films in furrows according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting in step (7): when the leaves at the lower part of the plant turn yellow and 80% of the seeds are mature and become light brown, harvesting, threshing and spreading and drying the seeds to be dry.
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