CN115152547B - Method for planting crops in zero distance by degrading water seepage mulch film - Google Patents
Method for planting crops in zero distance by degrading water seepage mulch film Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152547B CN115152547B CN202210755268.0A CN202210755268A CN115152547B CN 115152547 B CN115152547 B CN 115152547B CN 202210755268 A CN202210755268 A CN 202210755268A CN 115152547 B CN115152547 B CN 115152547B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 abstract description 20
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000025174 PANDAS Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000021155 Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 240000004718 Panda Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000016496 Panda oleosa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000008114 Panicum miliaceum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007199 Panicum miliaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209072 Sorghum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting crops in a zero-distance mode by degrading water seepage mulching films, which relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and comprises the following steps: ditching and soil preparation, namely arranging land parcels into a plurality of terraces; paving full-biodegradable water seepage mulching films on the table surface and the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and covering soil after film pressing and positioning; the earthing is to cover the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and the earthing surface is as high as the upper top surface of the terrace; arranging a seed bed on the earthing surface, punching, sowing and compacting into micro furrows; solves the problems that the sorghum millet has difficult seedling emergence by plastic film mulching, large consumption per unit area of degradable plastic film, high cost and low utilization rate of small rain resources in semiarid regions; the degradation infiltration plastic film has high precipitation utilization rate, rainwater can directly infiltrate under the film or flow to the roots of crops irrigated under the film on two sides, and the film is quickly decomposed in soil, so that the roots of crops can enter under the film, and yield increase can be facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for planting crops in a zero-distance mode by degrading water seepage mulching films.
Background
The mulching film is an important drought-resistant and yield-increasing measure, and the annual usage amount of the mulching film exceeds 3 hundred million mu.
Sorghum is used as main brewing raw grain, the requirements of Shanxi Fenjiu, shanxi Fenjiu enterprises, shanxi vinegar industry enterprises and the like on sorghum are huge, the sorghum is also drought-enduring high-yield crops, and plastic film mulching becomes a necessary measure for increasing the yield of sorghum in northern areas, however, the seedling stage top soil capability of the sorghum is poor, and the problem of difficult emergence after plastic film mulching occurs. The common millet is used as the main miscellaneous cereals in the north, the Gu Zimo covering hill-drop technique is particularly obvious for improving the yield per unit area, and the common millet has poor soil-jacking capability in the seedling stage and the problem of difficult emergence after plastic film covering also occurs.
In the plastic film mulching planting process, the traditional ridge-shaped mulching film and furrow mulching film edge back-rolling are low in converging efficiency for small-rainfall rainwater, rapid infiltration of rainwater cannot be effectively promoted, the utilization efficiency of rainwater is low, the phenomenon that soil hardening occurs due to rainfall after punching, seeding and earthing on a film is easy to cause, and therefore the problems of difficult emergence and the like are caused. How to reduce the dosage of the mulching film in the process of mulching the crops, efficiently utilize photo-thermal resources and 'ineffective' rain precipitation resources in natural precipitation, and simultaneously improve the yield of the crops, is still a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting crops by degrading a water-permeable mulching film at zero distance, which solves the problems of difficult seedling emergence of sorghum millet mulching film coverage, large consumption of the degradable mulching film per unit area, high cost and low utilization rate of small rain resources in semiarid regions; the precipitation utilization rate of the degradable water-permeable mulching film is high, rainwater directly permeates under the film or flows to roots of crops irrigated under the film, which are positioned at a lower position of a seed bed after compacting, and the film is quickly decomposed in soil, so that the roots of the crops can enter under the film, and yield increase is facilitated.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for planting crops in a zero-distance mode by degrading water seepage mulching films, which comprises the following steps:
ditching and soil preparation, namely arranging land parcels into a plurality of terraces; paving full-biodegradable water seepage mulching films on the table surface and the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and covering soil after film pressing and positioning; the earthing is to cover the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and the earthing surface is as high as the upper top surface of the terrace; arranging seed beds on the soil covering surface, punching, sowing and compacting into micro furrows.
Preferably, the ditching is performed by adopting a one-way ditcher, wherein the inner side of the one-way ditcher is a vertical surface, and the outer side of the one-way ditcher is an inclined surface.
Preferably, the width distance of the step surface is 360-380 mm.
Preferably, the soil preparation is performed by adopting a thick-rod dumbbell-shaped shaper, wherein the thick-rod dumbbell-shaped shaper comprises an inner rod, two solid conical round tables and two connectors; the two solid cone-shaped round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod through two connectors.
Preferably, the stair platform is a stair platform with an upper bottom of 330-370 mm, a lower bottom of 380-420 mm and a height of 75-85 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is 0.006-0.008 mm, and the width is 480-520 mm; laying mulching films on the stair tread, wherein the waist surfaces at two sides are 55-95 mm each.
Preferably, the film pressing positioning is performed by a fine-grained dumbbell-shaped film pressing device with a frosted surface, and the fine-grained dumbbell-shaped film pressing device with the frosted surface comprises an inner rod and two solid conical round tables; the two solid cone-shaped round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod.
Preferably, the height of the soil covering is equal to the upper top of the trapezoid, the width is more than 100mm, the seed bed is arranged on the soil covering plane, and the width of the seed bed is 80-100 mm.
Preferably, the sowing is performed above the edges of the mulching films at the two sides of the trapezoid, and the zero-distance part is punched, sowed and compacted into micro-furrows, and the hole pitch is 150-250 mm.
The invention provides a method for planting crops in a zero-distance way by degrading a water seepage mulching film, which solves the problems that sorghum millet mulching film is difficult to cover and emerge, the consumption of the degradable mulching film per unit area is high, and the utilization rate of small rain resources in semiarid regions is low. Under the condition that the light receiving area is basically the same, the dosage of the 500mm film is reduced by 37.5% compared with that of the 800mm film; the soil is compacted at two sides, so that the wind resistance is good; the sorghum millet has poor soil-jacking capability, has no problem of hardening and obstructing seedling emergence when meeting rain after being perforated, sowed and covered with soil on a film, and is beneficial to seedling emergence. The degradation infiltration plastic film has high precipitation utilization rate, rainwater can directly infiltrate under the film or flow to the roots of crops irrigated under the film on two sides, and the film is quickly decomposed in soil, so that the roots of crops can enter under the film, and yield increase can be facilitated. Environmental protection, simplicity and easy implementation, wide adaptability, high efficiency and good effect;
The invention uses the light receiving area of the 500mm full biodegradation water seepage mulch film to 350mm, the light receiving effective utilization rate is improved to 70%, the light receiving area is the same as that of the light receiving area of 350mm in a 800mm conventional coverage mode, the 500mm mulch film has the effects of heating and preserving soil moisture of the 800mm mulch film, and the consumption cost of the mulch film can be saved by 37.5%; the seedling emergence is smooth, and the effects of the film on warming, collecting rain, infiltrating, moisture and water retention are good when the seedling emergence is planted at a zero distance above the edge of the film at the film-covered section; the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film with micropores can realize certain temperature, moisture and nutrient exchange and ventilation in the seedling stage, and after one month of mulching, the film in the soil can be quickly decomposed, and crop roots can smoothly enter under the film, so that the growth is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a trapezoidal topography after shaping;
FIG. 2 is a bar dumbbell shaper;
FIG. 3 is a capillary face thin rod dumbbell type film presser;
FIG. 4 is a one-way shank;
FIG. 5 is a flat earth plate;
Fig. 6 is a construction diagram of a zero-distance planting structure of a film.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for planting crops in a zero-distance mode by degrading water seepage mulching films, which comprises the following steps:
ditching and soil preparation, namely arranging land parcels into a plurality of terraces; paving full-biodegradable water seepage mulching films on the table surface and the two waists of the terrace, and covering soil after film pressing and positioning; the earthing is to cover the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and the earthing surface is as high as the upper top surface of the terrace; arranging seed beds on the soil covering surface, punching, sowing and compacting into micro furrows.
In the planting method, ditching and soil preparation are firstly carried out, land parcels are arranged into a plurality of terraces, and a unidirectional furrow opener is preferably adopted for ditching, wherein the preferable inner side of the unidirectional furrow opener is a vertical surface, and the outer side of the unidirectional furrow opener is an inclined surface; the thick-rod dumbbell-shaped shaper is preferably used for soil preparation, and the thick-rod dumbbell-shaped shaper preferably comprises an inner rod, two solid conical round tables and two connectors, wherein the two solid conical round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod through the two connectors, the length of the inner rod is preferably 350mm, the outer diameter is preferably 140mm, the material is preferably a hollow thick-wall steel tube, the height of the round table is preferably 45mm, the diameter of the upper bottom surface is preferably 140mm, the diameter of the lower bottom surface is preferably 300mm, and the material is preferably solid conical round table steel; the upper bottom of the stair platform is preferably 330-370 mm, more preferably 340-360 mm, still more preferably 350mm, the lower bottom of the stair platform is preferably 380-420 mm, more preferably 390-410 mm, still more preferably 400mm, the height of the stair platform is preferably 75-85 mm, more preferably 72-82 mm, still more preferably 80mm; the tread width distance is preferably 360 to 380mm, more preferably 370mm.
In the planting method, the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is paved on the table surface and the two waists of the terrace, the thickness of the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is preferably 0.006-0.008 mm, more preferably 0.007mm, the width of the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is preferably 480-520 mm, more preferably 490-510 mm, still more preferably 500mm, and the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is paved on the terrace surface, wherein the preferable two sides are 55-95 mm, more preferably 65-85 mm, and still more preferably 75mm.
In the planting method, after a full-biodegradable water seepage mulching film is paved, film pressing and positioning are carried out, the film pressing and positioning are preferably carried out by adopting a fine-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device, the fine-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device preferably comprises an inner rod and two conical round tables, the two conical round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod, the length of the inner rod of the fine-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device is preferably 350mm, the outer diameter of the inner rod is preferably 80mm, the inner rod material is preferably a hollow steel pipe, the outer diameter of the inner rod of the fine-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device is reduced compared with the outer diameter of the inner rod of the coarse-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device, and the rolling film pressing device of the fine-grained surface dumbbell-shaped film pressing device plays a role of protecting the film surface far away from the film surface; the height of the conical round table is preferably 45-65 mm, more preferably 55mm, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the conical round table is preferably 140mm, the diameter of the lower bottom surface of the conical round table is preferably 300mm, the material is preferably solid round table steel, and a felt is adhered to the side surface of the round table.
In the planting method, the soil is covered after the film pressing and positioning, the soil is covered on two waist surfaces of the terrace, the soil covering surface is the same height as the upper top surface of the terrace, the soil covering is preferably flat with the upper top of the terrace, and the width is preferably more than 100mm; the seed bed is preferably arranged on the earth covering plane by adopting a flat earth plate, and the width of the seed bed is preferably 80-100 mm, more preferably 85-95 mm, and even more preferably 90mm.
In the planting method, after finishing the seed bed, punching and sowing are carried out at a zero distance above the edges of the mulching films at two sides of the trapezoid, wherein the hole pitch is preferably 150-250 mm, more preferably 180-220 mm, and even more preferably 200mm; the sowing is preferably carried out by adopting a duckbill type hill planter; the sowing mode is preferably one-machine one-film sowing operation, one-machine double-film sowing operation or three-film sowing operation; one tractor carries one or more groups of operations, so that the sowing efficiency can be improved; the sowing is preferably carried out on 1-3 sorghum seeds or 6-12 millet seeds per hole, more preferably 2 sorghum seeds or 9 millet seeds per hole, and after punching sowing, the leather roller compacting is preferably carried out.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
And (3) in 2021, 25 days after 5 months, laying a 20 mu of Jingu No. 21 millet one-machine one-film millet sowing operation test field on a dry highland plain land in Jia County Xie Gugou village in Shaanxi province, and adopting an experimental plot with the length of 6m multiplied by the width of 2m. The method comprises the steps of adopting a unidirectional furrow opener to open furrows, finishing land blocks into terraces with the upper bottom of 350mm, the lower bottom of 400mm and the height of 80mm by using a coarse bar dumbbell-shaped shaper, paving a thickness of 0.007mm on the table surface of the terraces and a width of 500mm full-biodegradation water seepage mulch film on the table surface, adopting a rough-surface fine bar dumbbell-shaped film pressing device to press and position the mulch film, covering soil on two waist surfaces of the terraces, covering the soil surface to be the same as the upper top surface of the terraces, covering the soil with a width larger than 100mm, finishing seed beds on the soil covering surface, sowing the seed beds with a width of 100mm at zero distance above the edges of the mulch film on two waist surfaces of the trapezoids, covering the soil disc with a hole spacing of 200mm, sowing the row spacing of 9 seeds of 21 # seeds in each hole, and wheel-type compacting the mulch film with a light receiving width of 350mm after covering the soil.
Example 2
2021, 5 Months and 5 days, laying 20 mu of Jinza 22 # one-machine one-film sorghum sowing operation test fields on the dry highland plain land of Yuan Chacun in Jia County Jin Mingsi town of Shaanxi province, and adopting an experimental plot with the length of 6m multiplied by the width of 2m. The method comprises the steps of adopting a unidirectional furrow opener to open furrows, finishing land blocks into terraces with the upper bottom of 350mm, the lower bottom of 400mm and the height of 80mm by using a coarse bar dumbbell-shaped shaper, paving a thickness of 0.007mm and a width of 500mm full-biodegradation water seepage mulching film on the table top of the terraces, respectively remaining 75mm on two sides, adopting a rough face fine bar dumbbell-shaped film pressing device to press and position, covering soil on two waist faces of the terraces, covering the soil face to be the same as the upper top face of the terraces, covering the soil width to be greater than 100mm, finishing seed beds on the soil covering faces, finishing the seed beds to be 100mm, punching holes at zero distance above the edges of the mulching film on two waist sides of the terraces, sowing with the hole spacing of 200mm and the row spacing of 400mm, covering soil by using a soil disc to cover soil and carrying out wheel-type compacting, and covering the light receiving width of the soil after covering film by 350mm.
Example 3
And (3) at 2022, 5 months and 19 days, laying a 25 mu tractor to carry two groups of film-covered sowing devices on a sorghum sowing operation test field in Panda village of Jia County Wang Gubian town of Shaanxi, and adopting a test cell with the length of 6m multiplied by the width of 2m. The method comprises the steps of adopting a unidirectional furrow opener to open furrows, finishing land blocks into terraces with the upper bottom of 350mm, the lower bottom of 400mm and the height of 80mm by using a coarse bar dumbbell-shaped shaper, paving a thickness of 0.007mm and a width of 500mm full-biodegradation water seepage mulching film on the table top of the terraces, respectively remaining 75mm on two sides, adopting a rough face fine bar dumbbell-shaped film pressing device to press and position, covering soil on two waist faces of the terraces, covering the soil face to be the same as the upper top face of the terraces, covering the soil width to be greater than 100mm, finishing seed beds on the soil covering faces, finishing the seed beds to be 100mm, punching holes at zero distance above the edges of the mulching film on two waist sides of the terraces, sowing with the hole spacing of 200mm and the row spacing of 400mm, covering soil by using a soil disc to cover soil and carrying out wheel-type compacting, and covering the light receiving width of the soil after covering film by 350mm.
Comparative example 1
The same planting method as described in example 1, 2021, 25 days in 5 months, is to lay a film-sowing operation test field of 20 mu of Jingu No. 21 millet on a dry land plain land of Jia County Xie Gugou villages in Shaanxi province, and adopt an experiment cell length of 6m×width of 2m, and the corresponding replacement film-covering sowing mode based on example 1 is to adopt a method of tiling 800mm×0.01mm PE mulch film, punching hole sowing on the mulch film, row spacing of 400mm, hole spacing of 200mm, sowing 9 seeds of Jingu No. 21 millet in each hole, earthing two sides by using earthing discs, performing wheel-type compacting, and the light receiving width of the earthing film of 350mm.
Comparative example 2
The same planting method as described in example 1, 2021, 25 days 5 months, is to lay a film-sowing operation test field of 20 mu of jin-to-valley No. 21 on a dry land plain land of Jia County Xie Gugou villages in Shaanxi province, adopt an experiment cell length of 6m×width of 2m, not lay a mulch film on the basis of example 1, a row spacing of 400mm, a hole spacing of 200mm, planting 9 seeds of Jingu No. 21 in each hole, earthing two sides with earthing discs, carrying out wheel compacting, and the light-receiving width of the film after earthing is 350mm.
Comparative example 3
The same planting method as described in example 2, 2021, 5 months and 5 days, laying 20 mu of Jinza 22 No. one machine one film sorghum sowing operation test field on the dry land plain land of Jia County Jin Mingsi town Yuan Chacun in Shaanxi province, adopting the test cell length 6m×width 2m, adopting the corresponding replacement film covering sowing mode based on example 2, adopting a method of tiling 800mm×0.01mm PE mulch film, punching hole sowing on the mulch film, row spacing 400mm, hole spacing 200mm, sowing 2 grains of Jinza 22 No. sorghum in each hole, covering soil on two sides by using soil covering disks, carrying out wheel type pressing, and covering the light receiving width 350mm of the film after soil.
Comparative example 4
The same planting method as described in example 2, 2021, 5 months and 5 days, laying a film of sorghum sowing operation test field of 20 mu jin za No. 22 on a dry land plain land of Jia County Jin Mingsi town Yuan Chacun in Shaanxi province, adopting an experimental plot length of 6m×width of 2m, not laying a mulching film on the basis of example 2, a row spacing of 400mm, a hole spacing of 200mm, sowing 2 seeds of Jinza No. 22 sorghum in each hole, covering soil on two sides by using soil covering disks, carrying out wheel compacting, and the light receiving width of the film after soil covering is 350mm.
Comparative example 5
The same planting method as described in example 3 is carried out in 2022, the planting method is carried out in 5 months and 19 days, a tractor of 25 mu is arranged in Panda villages of Jia County Wang Gubian m in Shaanxi, a sorghum sowing operation test field with two groups of film covering sowing devices is adopted, the length of an experimental cell is 6m multiplied by 2m, the corresponding film covering sowing mode is adopted on the basis of example 3, a method of tiling 800mm multiplied by 0.01mm PE mulch film, punching and hole sowing are adopted on the mulch film, the row spacing is 400mm, the hole spacing is 200mm, 2 seeds of Jinza No. 22 sorghum seeds are planted in each hole, soil is covered on two sides by using a soil covering disc, wheel type pressing is carried out, and the light receiving width of the film after soil covering is 350mm.
Comparative example 6
The same planting method as described in example 3, 2022, 5 months and 19 days, laying a tractor with 25 mu of two groups of film-covered sowing devices on Panda villages in Shaanxi Jia County Wang Gubian, sowing the test field of sorghum, adopting the experimental area with the length of 6m multiplied by 2m, not laying a mulching film on the basis of example 3, the row spacing of 400mm, the hole spacing of 200mm, sowing 2 seeds of Jinza No. 22 sorghum in each hole, covering the soil on two sides by using soil-covering disks, carrying out wheel-type compacting, and the light-receiving width of the film after soil covering of 350mm.
Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were provided with three parallel test cells, and the emergence rates and the yields of the different cells of the same test field were recorded, and the results are shown in tables 1 to 5.
TABLE 1 upland land flat-land test field of Jia County Xie Gugou village, shaanxi province 2021, 6, 8 days emergence rate (%)
| Emergence rate of seedlings | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Parallel experimental cell 1 | 98.5 | 75.8 | 84.5 |
| Parallel experimental cell 2 | 99.0 | 79.0 | 86.0 |
| Parallel experimental cell 3 | 99.5 | 75.5 | 87.5 |
| Average emergence rate (%) | 99.0 | 76.8 | 86.0 |
Table 2 Shaanxi's Jia County Xie Gugou village dry land flat land test field 2021, 10 month and 6 day yield (kg/mu)
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the emergence rate of example 1, which is tested in the dry highland flat land test field of Jia County Xie Gugou village in shanxi province, is obviously improved by 22.2% compared with comparative example 1, is improved by 13.0% compared with comparative example 2, and is calculated according to the number of seedling holes; the yield of example 1 increased by 12.54% compared to comparative example 1 and 79.1% compared to comparative example 2. Moreover, the degradation rate of the mulching film in 365 days reaches 95% in the planting method of the investigation example 1 in 2022, 5 and 25 days, which shows that the technical scheme of the example 1 has good seedling emergence, yield increase and degradation effects.
Table 3 Shaanxi province Jia County Jin Mingsi town Yuan Chacun upland land plain test field 2021, 5 month and 20 days emergence rate (%)
| Emergence rate of seedlings | Example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Parallel experimental cell 1 | 90.0 | 75.0 | 80.5 |
| Parallel experimental cell 2 | 90.5 | 78.0 | 78.0 |
| Parallel experimental cell 3 | 92.5 | 75.9 | 83.5 |
| Average emergence rate (%) | 91.0 | 76.3 | 80.7 |
Table 4 Shaanxi's Jia County Jin Mingsi town Yuan Chacun dry land plain test field 2021, 10 month and 20 day yield (kg/mu)
| Yield of products | Example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Parallel experimental cell 1 | 720.0 | 650.0 | 479.5 |
| Parallel experimental cell 2 | 730.5 | 665.5 | 485.6 |
| Parallel experimental cell 3 | 742.8 | 670.6 | 491.5 |
| Average yield (kg/mu) | 731.1 | 662.0 | 485.5 |
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the emergence rate of example 2, which was tested in the dry land flat land test field of Jia County Jin Mingsi town Yuan Chacun of shanxi province, was significantly improved by 14.7% compared to comparative example 3, and by 10.3% compared to comparative example 4; the emergence rate is calculated according to the number of holes with seedlings; the yield of example 2 was increased by 10.43% compared to comparative example 3 and 50.59% compared to comparative example 4. Furthermore, the 365-day degradation rate of the mulching film in the planting method described in the example 2 reaches 93.5% under the investigation of 2022, 5 months and 5 days, which indicates that the planting method described in the example 2 has good seedling emergence, yield increase and degradation effects.
Table 5, jia County Wang Gubian town Panda village test field of Shaanxi province, 2021, 5 month and 29 days emergence rate (%)
| Emergence rate of seedlings | Example 3 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 |
| Parallel experimental cell 1 | 95.0 | 80.0 | 82.5 |
| Parallel experimental cell 2 | 92.0 | 77.0 | 78.5 |
| Parallel experimental cell 3 | 94.5 | 78.5 | 80.5 |
| Average emergence rate (%) | 93.8 | 78.5 | 80.5 |
As is clear from Table 5, in example 3, which was conducted in Panda village test field of Jia County Wang Gubian town of Shaanxi province, the emergence rate was increased by 15.3% as compared with comparative example 5, and by 13.3% as compared with comparative example 6, and the emergence rate was calculated as the number of holes with seedlings.
According to the embodiment, the method for planting crops in a zero distance by degrading the water seepage mulch provided by the invention can save the consumption cost of the mulch, effectively utilize the mulch, realize smooth seedling emergence, realize good effects of heating the mulch and moisture and water retention due to the infiltration of the mulch and rain, and improve the crop yield.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for planting crops in a zero-distance way by degrading the water seepage mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Ditching and soil preparation, namely arranging land parcels into a plurality of terraces; paving full-biodegradable water seepage mulching films on the table surface and the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and covering soil after film pressing and positioning; the earthing is to cover the two waist surfaces of the terrace, and the earthing surface is as high as the upper top surface of the terrace; arranging a seed bed on the earthing surface, punching, sowing and compacting into micro furrows;
The thickness of the full-biodegradable water-permeable mulching film is 0.006-0.008 mm, and the width is 480-520 mm; laying mulching films on the stair table surface, wherein the waist surfaces at two sides are 55-95 mm respectively;
the sowing is performed above the edges of the mulching films at the two sides of the trapezoid, holes are punched at zero distance, and the hole distance is 150-250 mm.
2. The method for zero-distance planting of crops by degrading a water-permeable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the ditching is performed by adopting a unidirectional ditcher, and the inner side of the unidirectional ditcher is a vertical surface and the outer side of the unidirectional ditcher is an inclined surface.
3. The method for zero-distance planting of crops by degrading water-permeable mulching film according to claim 2, wherein the width distance of the top of the terrace is 360-380 mm.
4. The method for zero-distance planting of crops by degrading water seepage mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation is performed by adopting a coarse bar dumbbell-shaped shaper, and the coarse bar dumbbell-shaped shaper comprises an inner bar, two solid cone-shaped round tables and two connectors; the two solid cone-shaped round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod through two connectors.
5. The method for planting crops with zero distance by degrading water seepage mulch according to claim 4, wherein the terrace is a terrace with an upper bottom of 330-370 mm, a lower bottom of 380-420 mm and a height of 75-85 mm.
6. The method for zero-distance planting of crops by degrading water seepage mulching films according to claim 1, wherein the film pressing positioning is performed by a fine-grained dumbbell-shaped film pressing device with a frosted surface, and the fine-grained dumbbell-shaped film pressing device with a frosted surface comprises an inner rod and two solid conical round tables; the two solid cone-shaped round tables are fixed at two ends of the inner rod.
7. The method for zero-distance planting of crops by the degradable water-permeable mulching film according to claim 1, wherein the height of the covered soil is equal to the upper top of the trapezoid, the width is more than 100mm, the seed bed is arranged on a covered soil plane, and the width of the seed bed is 80-100 mm.
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