CN101563981A - Wheat basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method, which aims to solve the defects that the prior fertilization method has low utilization rate and high cost. The method comprises the following requirements: 1) ridging: wherein the ridge height is between 13 and 15 centimeters, the ridge width is between 60 and 80 centimeters, 2 to 3 rows of wheat are sown on ridges, and the sowing depth is between 3 and 4 centimeters; 2) basal fertilizer embedding: embedding basal application nitrogenous fertilizer in strip shapes in a ridge body at a position which is 10 to 11 centimeters below seeds; 3) performing ridging, fertilizing and sowing in one step; and 4) filtration irrigation in a furrow: performing small water filtration irrigation in the furrow, and stopping irrigating when the water is infiltrated to the ridge top slowly. Compared with the prior method, the method improves the fertilizer utilization rate by about 5 percent, improves the yield by more than 10 percent, and saves the cost and reduces pollutions at the same time.

Description

Wheat basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of ridge culture fertilizing method, be specially the efficient fertilizing method of wheat basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding.

Background technology

The long-term wheat cultivation area of China is 2,300 ten thousand hectares, is Wheat Production state and country of consumption maximum in the world wide, and wherein winter wheat accounts for more than 95% of wheat cultivation area.Winter wheat is for getting over annual crop, and breeding time is longer, is generally 230～250 days.For improving the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio of wheat, fertilizer generally uses at twice, is respectively base manure and topdresses.Base manure spreads fertilizer over the fields in the face of land before sowing usually wholely, ploughs and buries, sowing after the bedding of whole ground (the flat work).This fertilizing method has following shortcoming at least: 1, the shallow and fertilizer dispersion of fertilization depth, and fertilizer utilization efficiency is lower; 2, irrigation method is broad irrigation, and fertilizer easily infiltrates deep soil with irrigation water, not only causes the fertilizer nutritive element to run off, and polluted underground water; 3, manually spread fertilizer over the fields, labour intensity is big, increases production cost.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method.This method not only improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, saves cost, also can optimize the root system nutrient supply, improves output, pollution abatement.

The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is that this kind basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method comprises the requirement of following aspect:

1) ridging: the high 13-15cm in ridge, ridge width of cloth 60-80cm, the capable wheat of ridge upper seeding wheel 2-3, sowing depth 3-4cm;

2) base manure embedding: basic nitrogen fertilizer application strip is embedded among the body of ridge, is positioned at seed below 10～11 centimeters;

3) ridging, fertilising, sowing are once finished;

4) infiltrating irrigation in the ditch: little water infiltrating irrigation in the furrow, treat that water slowly soaks into to the top, ridge and stop to water.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

(1) improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, save cost: adopt this method fertilising dark and concentrate, spread fertilizer over the fields and compare raising fertilizer utilization efficiency about 15% with the tradition preceding ground of ploughing;

(2) optimize the root system nutrient supply, improve output more than 10%, pollution abatement: the mode of watering of ridge culture is infiltrating irrigation in the ditch, the soil water movement route is to infiltrate the ridge body by the ridge side, so just reduced the fertilizer loss that moves both vertically and cause because of soil moisture, reduce fertilizer to deep layer drip washing, thereby alleviated phreatic pollution;

(3) fertilising, sowing are once finished by machinery, have improved labor productivity, have reduced production cost.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing of the present invention is a wheat basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilising schematic diagram.

Embodiment

(1) chiselling earth 20-30cm before the meticulous whole ground ridging rakes and removes behind lump of earth and the weeds ridging again, influences seeding quality in order to avoid stop up seeding plough during sowing;

(2) determine that rationally ridge width of cloth row spacing is advisable the high 13-15cm in ridge, the capable wheat of proper seeding 2-3 on the ridge with 60cm-80cm;

(3) select supporting ridge culture machinery for use, this machinery should satisfy ridging, fertilising, sowing once to be finished; In support ridger, the fertilizer strip is embedded into body bottom, ridge, sowing depth 3-5cm, base manure is positioned at the ridge, apart from top, ridge 13-15cm, with seed interval 10cm-11cm.

(4) water:, must guard against broad irrigation along the little water infiltrating irrigation of furrow.Treating that water slowly soaks into to ridge top stops to water, and can prevent the wheat rhizosphere soil compaction like this.

2007-2008 adopts basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method and tradition to spread fertilizer over the fields two kinds of kinds as shown in the table respectively in experimental field, academy of agricultural sciences, Shandong Province wheat has carried out the production comparative trial.Split plot design is adopted in test, and each handles triplicate.Applied nitrogen is a urea, and amount of application is 450kg/hm ², base manure uses 2/3, topdresses and uses 1/3.Spread fertilizer over the fields with tradition and to compare, adopt basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method, two product grow wheat this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer have improved 20.6% and 16.1% respectively.And its output also improved for 10.0% and 13.4% (result of the test as shown in Table 1 and Table 2).

Wheat this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the table 1 Different Fertilization mode relatively

Annotate: 1. plant nitrogen content is the maturing stage measured value;

2. the nitrogenous total amount=plant nitrogen content of plant * biological yield;

3. utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is meant in the nitrogen that is absorbed crops throughout one's life that the part by fertilizer supply accounts for the percentage that applies the nitrogen amount;

4. in the table 1, alphabetical identical expression processing differences is not remarkable behind the same column of figure, the different lowercases of same row represent respectively that with different capitalizations probability level is 0.05 and 0.01 the significance of difference, and alphabetical difference shows the level of significant difference, and table 2 is identical therewith.

Table 2 Different Fertilization mode is to the influence of wheat yield and yield component

Wheat breed 95 (6) 161: seedling is upright, and cold resistance is good, and stooling is stronger, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is medium.About 80 centimetres of plant heights, fringe is bigger, and grain number per spike is many, white grain, and thousand kernel weight 48 grams, comprehensive resistance is better, and later stage grouting is very fast, and maturation falls yellow good.1996-1997 participates in strain and identifies.

Tobacco grower No. 19 (former code name cigarette excellent 361), the seed selection of academy of agricultural sciences, Yantai City forms.Calendar year 2001, the authorization numbering: Lu Nong examined word [2001] No. 001 by Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of basal fertilizer ridge bottom embedding fertilization method is characterized in that, comprises the requirement of following aspect:

1) ridging: the high 13-15cm in ridge, ridge width of cloth 60-80cm, the capable wheat of ridge upper seeding wheel 2-3, sowing depth 3-4cm;

2) base manure embedding: basic nitrogen fertilizer application strip is embedded among the body of ridge, is positioned at seed below 10～11 centimeters;

3) ridging, fertilising, sowing are once finished;

4) infiltrating irrigation in the ditch: little water infiltrating irrigation in the furrow, treat that water slowly soaks into to the top, ridge and stop to water.