CN110140471B - Method for promoting rapid germination of polygonum cuspidatum seeds - Google Patents
Method for promoting rapid germination of polygonum cuspidatum seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140471B CN110140471B CN201910413078.9A CN201910413078A CN110140471B CN 110140471 B CN110140471 B CN 110140471B CN 201910413078 A CN201910413078 A CN 201910413078A CN 110140471 B CN110140471 B CN 110140471B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of practical seedling culture of medicinal plants, and provides a technical method for promoting rapid germination of polygonum cuspidatum seeds, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of preparation of seed materials, selection and arrangement of ground paving matrix, bed making, ditching, sowing, watering, growth period management and specific air temperature and matrix humidity. The invention adopts the greenhouse substrate to grow seedlings, obviously improves the germination rate and the germination speed, also increases the planting density, can be used for large-scale production, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of practical seedling culture of medicinal plants, in particular to a technical method for promoting rapid germination of polygonum cuspidatum seeds.
Background
Giant knotweed rhizome (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.) is a perennial herb of Polygonaceae, also known as Achillea crassipes, Achillea alpina and Achillea alpina root. Giant knotweed prefers to be in a warm and moist climate, has a very developed root system, is cold-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, can be planted in general soil and mainly grows in shady and cool ditches and forest shady and humid places with the elevation of 800 meters below. The tender stem of rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati can be used as vegetable, and is generally used as dry root and stem for treating arthritis, cough with excessive phlegm, traumatic injury, etc. In recent years, people breed by depending on the rhizome of giant knotweed, the investment per mu is about 350-400 kg, and the market requirement can not be met by only digging the wild giant knotweed resource. In addition, 1.8-2.6 yuan/kg of giant knotweed rhizome greatly influences the enthusiasm of farmers.
Early researchers have gone through many different perspectives to investigate how to improve the germination of giant knotweed seeds. For example, Zjun et al (2017) show that the influence of different treatment modes on the germination characteristics of giant knotweed seeds in the early stage of sowing and giant knotweed seed breeding technical research (2017) show that the giant knotweed seeds grown in two or three years are used as materials to remove the preserved beddings, and the germination rate of the seeds is 50-59.3% after sowing for 15-45 days. And the proper water temperature and ground temperature are favorable for the rapid germination of the giant knotweed seeds. And (4) after the polygonum cuspidatum seeds are stored in sand in Chenhe banyan (2009), sowing the polygonum cuspidatum seeds in the nursery land from 2 late months to 3 early months of the next year, and observing the result for 15 days. However, in the spring seedling raising process, the longer the time is, the more unfavorable the weeds and the fertilizers are to the giant knotweed seedling raising, and the large-area promotion of the giant knotweed seeds and the requirements of the fertilizers thereof are not facilitated. Therefore, the method for promoting the giant knotweed seeds to germinate quickly is popularized, and the seedling raising technology with high density, high survival rate and high speed is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for promoting the rapid germination of giant knotweed seeds, which can realize the purpose of high density and high survival rate of the giant knotweed seeds, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a seed material:
collecting biennial giant knotweed seeds with mature and complete structures, wherein the giant knotweed plants are robust plants without the influence of diseases and insect pests;
2) matrix:
the substrate is divided into a surface substrate and a bottom substrate, and the substrate with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the seedbed to be used as the bottom substrate;
3) making a bed, ditching and preparing seeds:
pre-turning a seedbed, leveling, opening a box, making the seedbed, manually crushing the polygonum cuspidatum seed preserved flower quilt, screening out the preserved flower quilt by using a fine screen, and removing seeds with incomplete seed coats;
4) watering:
watering the bottom substrate before sowing, and thoroughly watering;
5) sowing:
after the bottom layer matrix is watered thoroughly, uniformly scattering the biennial giant knotweed seeds on the bottom layer matrix;
6) paving a matrix:
after the seeds are sowed, paving a substrate with the thickness of 1-2 cm as a surface substrate, and flattening the surface of the substrate;
7) watering:
after the surface of the matrix is leveled, the surface matrix is properly watered;
8) covering a film:
bending the bamboo strips, respectively inserting two ends of the bamboo strips at two sides of the seedbed, then covering the bamboo strips with a transparent nylon film, and compacting the periphery of the film with soil;
9) daily management:
after the film covering is finished, watering is carried out once every 2 days, temperature and humidity changes are recorded every day, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are required to be kept to be constant, the nylon film is opened for ventilation after germination is started, and seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature in the greenhouse is avoided.
Preferably, the substrate in step 2) is divided into a bottom substrate and a surface substrate, and the formula of the bottom substrate is the same as that of the surface substrate: import coconut husk, peat, carbonization rice husk, microorganism bacterial, the matrix execution standard of growing seedlings: NY/2118-: 0.2-0.4 g/cm3, total porosity not less than 60%, ventilation porosity not less than 15%, water holding porosity not less than 45%, gas-water ratio 1.3, relative water content less than 35%, particle size less than 10mm, PH 6-7, conductivity 0.1-0.2, and organic matter not less than 50%.
Preferably, in the step 9), the average air temperature in the greenhouse is 16 ℃ and the substrate humidity is 71.9%.
Preferably, the depth of the ground turned in the step 3) is 30cm, the depth of the open channel is 15-20 cm, the width of the open channel is 25-30 cm, and the width of the bed is 100-120 cm.
Preferably, the pH value of the water in the step 4) is 6.5-7.0.
Preferably, the seeding distance in the step 5) is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, when the bamboo strips in the step 8) are cut into the seedbed, the distance between the nearest cutting points and the seedbed is 6-8 cm.
The giant knotweed seed planted by the invention has the advantages of high germination speed, high density, high survival rate, simple method and suitability for large-scale production. Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A method for promoting rapid germination of giant knotweed seeds comprises the following steps:
1) preparation before planting:
the address is selected from Hubei province, Jingzhou city, Jingmi road and Changjiang university West school district for trial production. The seed and stem of two-year-old giant knotweed is provided by farmers in Shiweir City and county of Hubei province.
Collecting seeds of two-year-old giant knotweed, a fine sieve, bamboo strips, a transparent nylon film, tap water, an electronic balance, a label plate, a hygrothermograph and a cultivator in advance. Wherein the bamboo strips are current-year-old bamboos, the length is 175.3cm, and the diameter is 1.1 cm; the transparent nylon film is an agricultural high-pressure polyethylene film; tap water is selected from the households of basic farmers. Removing seed preserved quilt before sowing, selecting seeds with complete seed coat, and placing in matrix with depth of 1 cm;
2) seed material:
selecting and collecting biennial giant knotweed seeds without occurrence and existence of diseases and insect pests 11 months before seedling preparation, wherein the preserved perianth is preserved when the seeds are collected;
3) selecting a ground paving matrix:
selecting a greenhouse which is flat in terrain, convenient in water source and free of waterlogging as a seedling raising base, removing impurities, and paving a substrate with the thickness of 10cm, wherein the seedling raising substrate execution standard is as follows: NY/2118-: 0.2-0.4 g/cm3, total porosity ≧ 60%, ventilation porosity ≧ 15%, water-holding porosity ≧ 45%, air-water ratio 1.3, relative water content less than 35%, particle size less than 10mm, PH6 ~ 7, conductivity 0.1 ~ 0.2, organic matter ≧ 50%, matrix formula: importing coconut chaff, peat, carbonized rice hulls and microbial strains;
4) making a bed, ditching and preparing seeds:
pre-turning the seedbed, leveling, opening the box and making the bed, wherein the depth of the turned soil is 30cm, the depth of the opened channel is 15cm, the width of the opened channel is 25cm, and the width of the making bed is 100 cm;
5) watering:
watering the bottom-layer matrix thoroughly, wherein the pH value of the water is 6.5;
6) sowing:
after the substrate is watered thoroughly, uniformly broadcasting the seeds of the biennial giant knotweed on the surface of the compartment at the interval of 2cm, and broadcasting the seeds;
7) paving a matrix:
after the seeds are sowed, a matrix (matrix after watering) with the thickness of 1cm is laid, and the surface of the matrix is smoothed;
8) watering:
after the surface of the substrate is leveled, immediately watering the seedling raising base thoroughly;
9) covering a film:
bending the bamboo strips, respectively inserting two ends of the bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed, then covering the bamboo strips with transparent nylon films, and compacting the periphery of the bamboo strips with soil. When the cuttage wood is planted in the seedbed, the distance between the cuttage wood and the bamboo shoot cuttage point on the seedbed is 6 cm;
10) daily management:
watering every 2 days after finishing film covering, recording temperature and humidity change every day, starting germination after 11 days, then opening the nylon film for ventilation, avoiding seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature in the greenhouse, and keeping the average air temperature of 15 ℃ and the average matrix humidity of 72.1 percent in the seedling raising greenhouse.
Example 2
1) Preparation before planting:
collecting seeds of two-year-old giant knotweed, a fine sieve, bamboo strips, a transparent nylon film, tap water, an electronic balance, a label plate, a hygrothermograph and a cultivator in advance. Wherein the bamboo strips are current-year-old bamboos, the length is 175.3cm, and the diameter is 1.1 cm; the transparent nylon film is an agricultural high-pressure polyethylene film; tap water is selected from the households of basic farmers. Removing seed preserved quilt before sowing, selecting seeds with complete seed coat, placing in matrix with depth of 2 cm;
2) seed material:
selecting and collecting biennial giant knotweed seeds without occurrence and existence of diseases and insect pests 11 months before seedling preparation, wherein the preserved perianth is preserved when the seeds are collected;
3) selecting a ground paving matrix:
selecting a greenhouse which is flat in terrain, convenient in water source and free of waterlogging as a seedling raising base, removing impurities, and paving a substrate with the thickness of 10cm, wherein the seedling raising substrate execution standard is as follows: NY/2118-: 0.2-0.4 g/cm3, total porosity is not less than 60%, ventilation porosity is not less than 15%, water holding porosity is not less than 45%, gas-water ratio is 1.3, relative water content is less than 35%, particle size is less than 10mm, PH 6-7, conductivity is 0.1-0.2, organic matter is not less than 50%, and formula: importing coconut chaff, peat, carbonized rice hulls and microbial strains;
4) making a bed, ditching and preparing seeds:
pre-turning the ground, leveling, opening the box and making the bed, wherein the depth of the turned ground is 30cm, the depth of the channel for opening the box is 20cm, the width of the channel is 30cm, and the width of the bed is 120 cm;
5) watering:
watering the compartment surface matrix thoroughly, wherein the pH value of the water is 7.0;
6) sowing:
after the substrate is watered thoroughly, uniformly broadcasting the seeds of the biennial giant knotweed on the surface of the compartment, preferably at intervals of 3cm, and broadcasting the seeds;
7) paving a matrix:
after the seeds are sowed, a matrix (matrix after watering) with the thickness of 2cm is laid, and the surface of the matrix is smoothed;
8) watering:
after the surface of the substrate is leveled, immediately watering the seedling raising base thoroughly;
9) covering a film:
bending the bamboo strips, respectively inserting two ends of the bamboo strips into two sides of the seedbed, then covering the bamboo strips with transparent nylon films, and compacting the periphery of the bamboo strips with soil. When the cuttage wood is planted in the seedbed, the distance between the cuttage wood and the bamboo shoot cuttage point on the seedbed is 8 cm;
10) daily management:
watering every 2 days after finishing covering the film, recording temperature and humidity change every day, finishing the germination process after 11-22 days, then opening the nylon film for ventilation, avoiding seedling ignition caused by overhigh temperature in the greenhouse, and keeping the average air temperature of 17 ℃ and the average matrix humidity of 71.8 percent in the seedling greenhouse.
Results and analysis:
the giant knotweed rhizome seeds begin to germinate and grow out of the ground on day 11, two true leaves exist (the leaf tips of a single leaf of a small number of plants can be split due to the fact that seed coats fall off from the leaf in the giant knotweed rhizome seed germination process), the giant knotweed rhizome seeds have the highest germination rate on day 22, the germination rate reaches 81.82%, and the germination process is completed.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for promoting rapid germination of giant knotweed seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing seed material
Collecting biennial giant knotweed seeds with mature and complete structures, wherein the giant knotweed plants are robust plants without the influence of diseases and insect pests;
2) substrate
The substrate is divided into a surface substrate and a bottom substrate, and the substrate with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the seedbed to be used as the bottom substrate;
3) making bed, ditching and preparing for seeding
Pre-turning a seedbed, leveling, opening a box, making the seedbed, manually crushing the polygonum cuspidatum seed preserved flower quilt, screening out the preserved flower quilt by using a fine screen, and removing seeds with incomplete seed coats;
4) watering
Watering the bottom layer matrix in advance before sowing, and thoroughly watering;
5) seeding
After the bottom layer matrix is watered thoroughly, uniformly scattering the biennial giant knotweed seeds on the bottom layer matrix;
6) paving matrix
After the seeds are sowed, paving a substrate with the thickness of 1-2 cm as a surface substrate, and flattening the surface of the substrate;
7) watering
After the surface of the matrix is smoothed, the surface matrix is properly watered;
8) cover film
After the surface layer matrix is watered, bending the prepared bamboo strips, respectively inserting two ends of the bamboo strips at two sides of the seedbed, then covering the bamboo strips with a transparent nylon film, and compacting the periphery of the film with soil;
9) daily management
Watering once every 2 days after film covering is finished, recording temperature and humidity changes every day, keeping the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse constant, and lifting the nylon film for ventilation after germination is started to avoid seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature in the greenhouse;
the formula of the substrate at the bottom layer in the step 2) is the same as that of the substrate at the surface layer: importing coconut chaff, peat, carbonized rice hulls and microbial strains;
the average air temperature in the greenhouse in the step 9) is 16 ℃, and the substrate humidity is 71.9%;
the depth of the plowing in the step 3) is 30cm, the depth of the open channel is 15-20 cm, the width of the open channel is 25-30 cm, and the width of the bed is 100-120 cm;
the PH value of the water in the step 4) is 6.5-7.0.
2. The method for promoting the sprouting of giant knotweed seeds according to claim 1, wherein the seeding distance in the step 5) is 2-3 cm.
3. The method for promoting the sprouting of giant knotweed seeds according to claim 1, wherein the distance of the nearest cuttage point to the seedbed in the step 8) of cutting the bamboo strips into the seedbed is 6-8 cm.
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