CN116830959A - Method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all year round - Google Patents
Method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all year round Download PDFInfo
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- CN116830959A CN116830959A CN202310974105.6A CN202310974105A CN116830959A CN 116830959 A CN116830959 A CN 116830959A CN 202310974105 A CN202310974105 A CN 202310974105A CN 116830959 A CN116830959 A CN 116830959A
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000105017 Vicia sativa Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000213948 Astragalus sinicus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000168525 Croton tiglium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000522190 Desmodium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000227573 Desmodium styracifolium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000042314 Vigna unguiculata Species 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea gardens year by year, which relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a fruit tea garden, and S2: green manure in spring and summer, S3: burying green in autumn, S4: autumn and winter green manure, S5: burying green in spring, sowing in spring twice, turning over and pressing in early autumn, allowing green manure grass to rot and provide nutrition, sowing in autumn, turning over and pressing in spring; the green manure grass has higher utilization rate, can prevent and control diseases and insect pests of fruit tea gardens, reduces the using amount of chemical fertilizers, contains more cellulose, carbon and nitrogen in summer green manure plants such as round leaf abalone, has slower decomposition speed after tillage, is favorable for accumulating soil organic matters, has obvious effects of improving physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing the soil organic matters, can quickly establish early-onset green manure varieties such as purple sweet potatoes, arrow peas and the like, can quickly form coverage, and has the effect of preventing water and soil loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea gardens all the year round.
Background
The green manure generally has multiple functions, including soil improvement and soil protection, and the Chinese patent No. CN108617376A discloses a cultivation method for interplanting the green manure in a tea garden, which belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and the method effectively improves the land utilization rate, promotes the stable and continuous high yield of tea, greatly reduces the plant diseases and insect pests of the tea, purifies the growth environment of the tea, reduces the use of chemical pesticides and protects the ecological environment; the tea planted by the method is good in quality, safe and pollution-free, but the method is low in efficiency, original nutrients in the soil can be consumed in the planting process of the green manure, the nutrients can not be continuously provided for the soil, the green manure is low in turning and burying times, the green manure utilization rate is low, and the growth period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for interplanting green manure grass in a fruit tea garden all the year round, which solves the problems that the traditional planting method provided in the background art is low in efficiency, the green manure consumes original nutrients in soil in the planting process, can not continuously provide nutrition for the soil, and has low green manure turning times, so that the green manure utilization rate is low and the growth period is long.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a fruit tea garden, selecting a green manure variety according to the age of fruit tea trees and the spacing space of the fruit tea trees, loosening soil and preparing land between the rows before sowing, deeply turning over 15-20cm, removing weeds and airing for 4-6 days to kill bacteria and pests in the soil;
s2: the method comprises the steps of selecting a spring seed green manure of a fast-growing early-maturing leguminous green manure variety, selecting a leguminous green manure variety such as hard-skin beans, indian cowpea, round leaf abalone shell, desmodium styracifolium, croton, ground-spreading wood-blue, desmodium beggarum, butterfly beans and the like, when the round leaf abalone shell seeds are adopted, deep scarification harrow is needed when the temperature is above 15 ℃ for 3 months to 5 months, leveling the ground, sun-drying the green manure seeds for 1 to 2 hours, soaking the green manure seeds in warm water for 12 to 24 hours, or placing the green manure seeds in 1 to 2 percent lime water for 1 to 2 hours for seed dressing, ditching in the field, and selecting the round leaf abalone shell seeds with a long growth period according to the depth of 5cm and the plant spacing of 20 x 30cm, wherein the green manure seeds can be cut for multiple times in the process of cutting along with the burying in the process;
s3: burying green in autumn, cutting green of round leaf abalone shell planted in spring in autumn, and burying with lime of about 40 kg per mu to promote decomposition and improve decomposition effect;
s4: the autumn green manure is characterized in that the green manure seeds are preferably selected from leguminous green manure varieties such as vetch, rape, astragalus sinicus and the like, when the vetch is adopted for sowing, grass seeds and fine sand are uniformly mixed and then sown, soil is covered for 1-5cm and then water is poured thoroughly to promote germination, ditching and deep burying are needed at the position of about 40cm apart from fruit tree lines when the vetch seeds are selected, the vetch seeds can be directly sowed after being mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the vetch seeds are drought or dry in the weather and must be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist so as to avoid influencing seedling emergence;
s5: green is buried in spring, the common vetch is buried in a turning mode in spring, green can be cut and buried in the growth process of the common vetch, and the common vetch can be buried in a turning mode for one-time machine cultivation in the early flowering stage to return to the garden, the common vetch is used as a fruit tea garden base fertilizer through turning, and the turning period is 2-4 months, so that nutrients are provided for spring green manure.
Preferably, in the step S2, the seeds are soaked in clear water at 30 ℃, then the seeds are fished out and placed in a shade, after the seeds are dried, the seeds are sowed into soil, fine soil is covered on the surface layer of the round-leaf abalone shell, and weeds around plants are cleaned in the growth process of the round-leaf abalone shell, so that the round-leaf abalone shell is prevented from growing slowly and competing for the weeds.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes preparation before sowing, soil loosening and soil preparation should be performed before sowing, weeds are removed, the situation that the round She Jue grows in an early stage slowly and does not compete for weeds is avoided, the thickness of the hay layer is reduced by combining surface soil operation, low pruning should be performed before sowing, and the hay layer is removed, so that full contact between the round-leaf abalone shell and soil is promoted.
Preferably, in the step S4, more heat is released in the soil in the process of fermenting and rotting the green manure, so that the green manure is buried too close to the nectar root, the nectar root is easy to burn out, and especially the effect on the nectar root in the period of high temperature water shortage is large, so that ditching and deep burying are needed at the position about 40cm away from the nectar root neck during the green manure is buried, and the burnt of the nectar root is avoided.
Preferably, the first green cutting is carried out 30-40 days after sowing of the abalone shell green manure in the step S3.
Preferably, enough base fertilizer is applied before the abalone shell is sown, and 4-8 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer is required to be applied in the three-leaf period or the foliar period after the abalone shell is planted.
Preferably, after each green cutting of the concha haliotidis, 8-16 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition, so that the instant fertilization after the green cutting is avoided, the rotting of the grass stubbles and the grass tips of the concha haliotidis caused by burning the grass stubbles and the grass tips is avoided, the irrigation is carried out in time after the green cutting for 3-5 days, and if water is accumulated in the field, the water is discharged in time, so that the rotten root disease is avoided.
Preferably, the leaf-shaped shell is in rain before emergence after sowing, soil can form a plate junction layer, the plate junction layer needs to be broken timely, and weeds need to be removed timely in the period of leaf-shaped shell seedling.
Preferably, the round leaf abalone shell needs to be tightly buried and compacted when being buried, and the green manure is tightly sealed with the soil without pores, so that the close connection of the soil and the green manure is promoted, and the decomposition speed of the green manure is accelerated.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round. The beneficial effects are as follows:
the method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round adopts twice a year, spring planting, turning over and pressing in early autumn, rot green manure grass to provide nutrition, autumn planting and spring turning over and pressing; the green manure grass has higher utilization rate, can prevent and control diseases and insect pests of fruit tea gardens, reduces the using amount of chemical fertilizers, contains more cellulose, carbon and nitrogen in summer green manure plants such as round leaf abalone, has slower decomposition speed after tillage, is favorable for accumulating soil organic matters, has obvious effects of improving physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing the soil organic matters, can quickly establish early-onset green manure varieties such as purple sweet potatoes, arrow peas and the like, can quickly form coverage, and has the effect of preventing water and soil loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a fruit tea garden, selecting a green manure variety according to the age of fruit tea trees and the spacing space of the fruit tea trees, loosening soil and preparing land between the rows before sowing, deeply turning over 20cm, removing weeds and airing for 6 days to kill bacteria and pests in the soil;
s2: the method comprises the steps of selecting a spring seed green manure of a fast-growing early-maturing leguminous green manure variety, selecting a leguminous green manure variety such as hard-skin beans, indian cowpea, round leaf concha haliotidis, desmodium styracifolium, croton, ground-spreading wood-blue, desmodium behenryi, butterfly beans and the like, deeply scarifying a harrow and leveling the ground when the temperature is above 15 ℃ in 5 months, sun-drying the green manure seeds for 2 hours, soaking the green manure seeds in warm water for 24 hours, or soaking the green manure seeds in 2% lime water for 2 hours, dressing the seeds, ditching in the field, cutting the green manure seeds for multiple times according to the depth of 5cm and the plant row spacing of 20 x 30cm, and burying the green manure seeds along with cutting in the green cutting process;
s3: burying green in autumn, cutting green of round leaf abalone shell planted in spring in autumn, and burying with lime of about 40 kg per mu to promote decomposition and improve decomposition effect;
s4: the autumn green manure is characterized in that the green manure seeds are preferably selected from leguminous green manure varieties such as vetch, rape, astragalus sinicus and the like, when the vetch is adopted for sowing, grass seeds and fine sand are uniformly mixed and then sown during sowing, soil is covered for 5cm and then water is poured thoroughly to promote germination of the seeds, ditching and deep burying are needed at the position of about 40cm apart from fruit tree lines during the sowing of the green manure seeds, the vetch seeds can be directly sowed after being mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the vetch seeds are drought or dry in the weather and must be irrigated in time, so that the soil is kept moist and the seedling emergence is avoided;
s5: green is buried in spring, the common vetch is buried in a turning mode in spring, green can be cut and buried in the growth process of the common vetch, and the common vetch can be buried in a turning mode for returning to the garden through one-time machine tillage in the early flowering stage, the common vetch is used as a fruit tea garden base fertilizer through turning, and the turning period is 4 months, so that nutrients are provided for spring green manure.
In the step S2, the seeds are soaked in clear water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then the seeds are fished out and placed in a shade, after the seeds are dried, the seeds are sowed into soil, fine soil is covered on the surface layer of the round leaf abalone shell, and weeds around plants are cleaned in the growth process of the round leaf abalone shell, so that the situation that the round leaf abalone shell grows slowly and does not compete for the weeds is avoided.
The S2 also comprises preparation before sowing, soil loosening and soil preparation should be carried out before sowing, weeds are removed, the situation that the round She Jue grows in an early stage slowly and does not compete for weeds is avoided, the thickness of a hay layer is reduced by combining surface soil operation, low pruning should be carried out before sowing, and the hay layer is removed, so that full contact between round leaf concha and soil is promoted.
In the S4, more heat can be released in the soil in the process of fermenting and rotting the green manure, so that the green manure is buried too close to the nectar tree root, the nectar tree root is easy to burn out, and especially the influence on the nectar tree root in the period of high temperature water shortage is large, so that ditching and deep burying are needed at the position 40cm away from the neck of the nectar tree root when the green manure is buried, and the burnt of the nectar tree root is avoided.
And (3) the first green cutting is carried out 40 days after sowing the abalone shell green manure in the step (S3).
Enough base fertilizer should be applied before the planting of the concha haliotidis, and 8 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer needs to be applied in the three-leaf period or the leaf separation period after the emergence of the concha haliotidis.
After each green cutting of the concha haliotidis, applying 16 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer according to the growth condition, avoiding fertilizer application immediately after green cutting, avoiding rotting of the concha haliotidis grass stubble and grass tip caused by burning of the grass stubble and the grass tip, and carrying out 5 days after green cutting, and carrying out timely irrigation after top application, and if water is accumulated in the field, timely discharging the water so as to avoid rotting root diseases.
The soil can form a plate junction layer when meeting rain before emergence after the abalone shell is sown, the plate junction layer needs to be broken timely, and weeds need to be removed timely in the stage of the abalone shell seedlings.
The round leaf abalone shell needs to be tightly buried and compacted when being buried, and the green manure is tightly sealed with the soil without pores, so that the close connection of the soil and the green manure is promoted, and the decomposition speed of the green manure is accelerated.
Example 2:
a method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a fruit tea garden, selecting a green manure variety according to the age of fruit tea trees and the spacing space of the fruit tea trees, loosening soil and preparing land between the rows before sowing, deeply turning over 15cm, removing weeds and airing for 4 days to kill bacteria and pests in the soil;
s2: the method comprises the steps of selecting a spring seed green manure of a fast-growing early-maturing leguminous green manure variety, selecting a leguminous green manure variety such as hard-skin beans, indian cowpea, round leaf concha haliotidis, desmodium styracifolium, croton, ground-spreading wood-blue, desmodium behenryi, butterfly beans and the like, deeply scarifying a harrow and leveling the ground when the temperature is above 15 ℃ in 3 months, sun-drying the green manure seeds for 1 hour, soaking the green manure seeds in warm water for 12 hours, or soaking the green manure seeds in 1% lime water for 1 hour, dressing the seeds, ditching in the field, cutting the green manure seeds for multiple times according to the depth of 5cm and the plant row spacing of 20 x 30cm, and burying the green manure seeds along with cutting in the green cutting process;
s3: burying green in autumn, cutting green of round leaf abalone shell planted in spring in autumn, and burying with lime of about 40 kg per mu to promote decomposition and improve decomposition effect;
s4: the autumn green manure is characterized in that the green manure seeds are preferably selected from leguminous green manure varieties such as vetch, rape, astragalus sinicus and the like, when the vetch is adopted for sowing, grass seeds and fine sand are uniformly mixed and then sown during sowing, soil is covered for 1cm and then water is poured thoroughly to promote germination of the seeds, ditching and deep burying are needed at the position of about 40cm apart from fruit tree lines during the sowing of the green manure seeds, the vetch seeds can be directly sowed after being mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the vetch seeds are drought or dry in the weather and must be irrigated in time, so that the soil is kept moist and the seedling emergence is avoided;
s5: green is buried in spring, the common vetch is buried in a turning mode in spring, green can be cut and buried in the growth process of the common vetch, and the common vetch can be buried in a turning mode for returning to the garden through one-time machine tillage in the early flowering stage, the common vetch is used as a fruit tea garden base fertilizer through turning, and the turning period is 2 months, so that nutrients are provided for spring green manure.
In the step S2, the seeds are soaked in clear water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then the seeds are fished out and placed in a shade, after the seeds are dried, the seeds are sowed into soil, fine soil is covered on the surface layer of the round leaf abalone shell, and weeds around plants are cleaned in the growth process of the round leaf abalone shell, so that the situation that the round leaf abalone shell grows slowly and does not compete for the weeds is avoided.
The S2 also comprises preparation before sowing, soil loosening and soil preparation should be carried out before sowing, weeds are removed, the situation that the round She Jue grows in an early stage slowly and does not compete for weeds is avoided, the thickness of a hay layer is reduced by combining surface soil operation, low pruning should be carried out before sowing, and the hay layer is removed, so that full contact between round leaf concha and soil is promoted.
In the S4, more heat can be released in the soil in the process of fermenting and rotting the green manure, so that the green manure is buried too close to the nectar tree root, the nectar tree root is easy to burn out, and especially the influence on the nectar tree root in the period of high temperature water shortage is large, so that ditching and deep burying are needed at the position 40cm away from the neck of the nectar tree root when the green manure is buried, and the burnt of the nectar tree root is avoided.
And (3) the green manure of the concha haliotidis in the step (S3) is subjected to first green cutting after 30 days after sowing.
Enough base fertilizer should be applied before the planting of the concha haliotidis, and 4 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer needs to be applied in the three-leaf period or the leaf separation period after the emergence of the concha haliotidis.
After each green cutting of the concha haliotidis, 8 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition, so that the instant fertilization after the green cutting is avoided, the rotting of the grass stubble and the grass tip of the concha haliotidis caused by burning the grass stubble and the grass tip is avoided, the additional fertilization is carried out 3 days after the green cutting, the irrigation is carried out in time, and if water is accumulated in the field, the water is discharged in time, so that the rotted root disease is avoided.
The soil can form a plate junction layer when meeting rain before emergence after the abalone shell is sown, the plate junction layer needs to be broken timely, and weeds need to be removed timely in the stage of the abalone shell seedlings.
The round leaf abalone shell needs to be tightly buried and compacted when being buried, and the green manure is tightly sealed with the soil without pores, so that the close connection of the soil and the green manure is promoted, and the decomposition speed of the green manure is accelerated.
The method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round adopts twice a year, spring planting, turning over and pressing in early autumn, rot green manure grass to provide nutrition, autumn planting and spring turning over and pressing; the green manure grass has higher utilization rate, can prevent and control diseases and insect pests of fruit tea gardens, reduces the using amount of chemical fertilizers, contains more cellulose, carbon and nitrogen in summer green manure plants such as round leaf abalone, has slower decomposition speed after tillage, is favorable for accumulating soil organic matters, has obvious effects of improving physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing the soil organic matters, can quickly establish early-onset green manure varieties such as purple sweet potatoes, arrow peas and the like, can quickly form coverage, and has the effect of preventing water and soil loss.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for interplanting green manure grass in fruit tea garden all the year round is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a fruit tea garden, selecting a green manure variety according to the age of fruit tea trees and the spacing space of the fruit tea trees, loosening soil and preparing land between the rows before sowing, deeply turning over 15-20cm, removing weeds and airing for 4-6 days to kill bacteria and pests in the soil;
s2: the method comprises the steps of selecting a spring seed green manure of a fast-growing early-maturing leguminous green manure variety, selecting a leguminous green manure variety such as hard-skin beans, indian cowpea, round leaf abalone shell, desmodium styracifolium, croton, ground-spreading wood-blue, desmodium beggarum, butterfly beans and the like, when the round leaf abalone shell seeds are adopted, deep scarification harrow is needed when the temperature is above 15 ℃ for 3 months to 5 months, leveling the ground, sun-drying the green manure seeds for 1 to 2 hours, soaking the green manure seeds in warm water for 12 to 24 hours, or placing the green manure seeds in 1 to 2 percent lime water for 1 to 2 hours for seed dressing, ditching in the field, and selecting the round leaf abalone shell seeds with a long growth period according to the depth of 5cm and the plant spacing of 20 x 30cm, wherein the green manure seeds can be cut for multiple times in the process of cutting along with the burying in the process;
s3: burying green in autumn, cutting green of round leaf abalone shell planted in spring in autumn, and burying with lime of about 40 kg per mu to promote decomposition and improve decomposition effect;
s4: the autumn green manure is characterized in that the green manure seeds are preferably selected from leguminous green manure varieties such as vetch, rape, astragalus sinicus and the like, when the vetch is adopted for sowing, grass seeds and fine sand are uniformly mixed and then sown, soil is covered for 1-5cm and then water is poured thoroughly to promote germination, ditching and deep burying are needed at the position of about 40cm apart from fruit tree lines when the vetch seeds are selected, the vetch seeds can be directly sowed after being mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the vetch seeds are drought or dry in the weather and must be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist so as to avoid influencing seedling emergence;
s5: green is buried in spring, the common vetch is buried in a turning mode in spring, green can be cut and buried in the growth process of the common vetch, and the common vetch can be buried in a turning mode for one-time machine cultivation in the early flowering stage to return to the garden, the common vetch is used as a fruit tea garden base fertilizer through turning, and the turning period is 2-4 months, so that nutrients are provided for spring green manure.
2. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the seeds are soaked in clear water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then the seeds are fished out and placed in a shade, after the seeds are dried, the seeds are sowed into soil, fine soil is covered on the surface layer of the round leaf abalone shell, and weeds around plants are cleaned in the growth process of the round leaf abalone shell, so that the situation that the round leaf abalone shell grows slowly and does not compete for the weeds is avoided.
3. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: the S2 also comprises preparation before sowing, soil loosening and soil preparation should be carried out before sowing, weeds are removed, the situation that the round She Jue grows in an early stage slowly and does not compete for weeds is avoided, the thickness of a hay layer is reduced by combining surface soil operation, low pruning should be carried out before sowing, and the hay layer is removed, so that full contact between round leaf concha and soil is promoted.
4. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: in the S4, more heat can be released in the soil in the process of fermenting and rotting the green manure, so that the green manure is buried too close to the nectar tree root, the nectar tree root is easy to burn out, and especially the influence on the nectar tree root in the period of high temperature water shortage is large, so that ditching and deep burying are needed at the position 40cm away from the neck of the nectar tree root when the green manure is buried, and the burnt of the nectar tree root is avoided.
5. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) the first green cutting is carried out after 30-40 days after sowing the abalone shell green manure in the step (S3).
6. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: enough base fertilizer should be applied before the planting of the concha haliotidis, and 4-8 kg/mu urea or compound fertilizer needs to be applied in the three-leaf period or the leaf separation period after the emergence of the concha haliotidis.
7. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: after each green cutting of the concha haliotidis, 8-16 kg/mu of urea or compound fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition, so that the instant fertilization after the green cutting is avoided, the rotting of the grass stubble and the grass tip caused by burning the grass stubble and the grass tip is avoided, the process is carried out 3-5 days after the green cutting, the irrigation is carried out in time after the additional fertilization, and if water is accumulated in the field, the water is discharged in time, so that the rotting root disease is avoided.
8. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: the soil can form a plate junction layer when meeting rain before emergence after the abalone shell is sown, the plate junction layer needs to be broken timely, and weeds need to be removed timely in the stage of the abalone shell seedlings.
9. The method for annual interplanting green manure in fruit tea fields according to claim 1, wherein: the round leaf abalone shell needs to be tightly buried and compacted when being buried, and the green manure is tightly sealed with the soil without pores, so that the close connection of the soil and the green manure is promoted, and the decomposition speed of the green manure is accelerated.
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