CN108157105A - Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method - Google Patents
Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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Abstract
The present invention provides preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method, this method include cotton field prepare, kind and seed preparation, sowing, irrigation, envelope kind cave hole and other field management method steps.It is not tuyere area in cotton's seeding time and seeding stage cotton field location, cotton field stores moisture in the soil, 0.3 2.9 g/kg of arable layer saliferous rate without preseeding irrigation, soil property is loam or sandy loam, selecting seed, seed must be coated, and germination percentage should be 90.4 96.8% for the light seed after sulfuric acid-treated；Without two operation procedures of sowing cotton seed row earthing and suppression when cotton field is sowed, 1 heart stage of 1 leaf of cotton seedling being treated, earthing envelope hole being carried out to cotton planting row kind cave, under normal temperature conditions, cotton finishes and trickle irrigation is carried out in kinds 13 days, and trickle irrigation amount is 10 12 m3/ mu.The embodiment of the present invention compared with the routine that the same period is sowed keep a full stand of seedings method periphery control cotton field survival rate of seedlings it is 7.2 percentage points high, have the light letter of apparent cotton field management efficiently and production-increasing function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to do not carry out preseeding irrigation cotton field under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method.
Background technology
In agricultural production, it is widely believed that the mulching planting technique of one of agricultural technology revolution has turned out to be peasant's increasing
One of important measures are produced, in the multinational example for having successful application in the worlds such as China, Japan, South Korea, the U.S., France, Canada,
The technology Yield in Cold, shortage of heat and need wrong season plantation area not only act as Meteorological effect, increasing both production and income effect
Fruit, can also effectively control weeds, inhibit the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil, prevent the fertilizer being manured into soil because wind, solarization, drench with rain due to lose, together
When promote soil microbial activity, accelerate the decomposition of organic substance, improve soil physical chemistry structure, created more for crop growth
Suitable ecological environment.All kinds of crops in China up to now（Containing vegetables）The long-term area of mulching planting technique is up to 5000
More ten thousand mu or more, wherein chief crop is cotton.
Drip irrigation technique is widely used, in China as a kind of advanced water-saving irrigation technique in developed country's agricultural production
The nervous area of water resource, particularly arid oasis farming region promote and apply larger, and up to 30,000,000 mu or so, production practices are demonstrate,proved
Its bright volume increase, water-saving benefit are very notable.
Sowing seeds technology is the light simplification technology of a mature and reliable, promotes the technology and not only eliminates final singling link,
Seed is saved, strong sprout is not influenced and early sends out, and be remarkably improved and plant cotton benefit, the technology is considered as that most effective cotton is light at present
One of simple cultivation technique.
Cotton cultivation with film mulched drip irrigation sowing seeds technology is that mulching planting technique, drip irrigation technique and sowing seeds technology are organic
With reference to and formed modern cotton Cultivate administration new technology, at present China promote and apply area at 18,000,000 mu or so, usually
In the case of, method of keeping a full stand of seedings is one of key link under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment, to meet cotton " emergence water "
Demand, in addition to suitable moisture in the soil site preparation, selection improved seeds, science investment fertilizer, it is necessary to 1-2 irrigation is carried out before sowing cotton seed,
General water consumption is in 200 m3/ mu or so after cotton irrigation before seeding, treats soil moisture content between 13.0-16.7%, and most
Good sowing season has arrived, and starts fertilising, site preparation, sowing, although this seeding technique is more ripe, due to by growing area nature
Ecological condition limitation, weather disaster take place frequently and the influence of the other factors such as unordered water resources development, along with irrigation before seeding
Water consumption is larger, causes cotton field preseeding irrigation under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment that cannot ensure throughout the year.
By taking Xinjiang, China cotton region as an example, under the smaller background of past planting scale, cotton method of keeping a full stand of seedings is included in cotton
Irrigation before seeding is completed by a big yield quota winter irrigation or spring irrigation before flower sowing, some cotton fields even winter irrigation and spring irrigation respectively carry out
Once, single winter irrigation and spring irrigation water requirement are generally 150-230 m3/ mu, but since Xinjiang winter irrigation or spring irrigation water source mainly come
From high water snow water, winter irrigation or spring irrigation corresponding period substantially respectively the prior year by the end of October to by the end of December with mid-February current year to 3
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon, time period weather temperature is relatively low, and high water snow water melts difficult, it is difficult to form sufficient water source, and with agriculture raw
Production scale and industry and the quick increase of urbanite water consumption, further resulting in irrigation before seeding water can not ensure.It is endless according to inventor
Complete to count, at least 13,000,000 mu of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling cotton fields cannot carry out preseeding irrigation in reality, particularly possess ten million
The Northern Xinjiang cotton region almost all in mu cotton field cannot carry out preseeding irrigation.
Research shows that：Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under cotton cultivation with film mulched drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment such as by normal sowing
Method disposably completes kind of a bed shaping, trench digging, is laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, precise-amount seed dibbing, sowing when sowing
The operation procedures such as row earthing and suppression, soil pressing on membrane, due to current precision drilling, the amount of sowing is small, and the single cave amount of sowing majority is only 1
Grain seed pushes up native strength more non-precision drilling cotton field much weaker when cotton emerges, cotton seedling top soil difficulty increases, and when emergence such as meets
Cotton seedling soil moisture content is not good enough, the more low poor environment of temperature, and cotton field will appear Some seeds surely cannot normally germinate the native phenomenon in top, separately
Outside, as Xinjiang cotton spring rain calamity in recent years endangers the increase of frequency, seedling stage rain calamity has become the major casualty of Xinjiang cotton
One of, when sowing cotton seed uses above-mentioned conventional method, the cotton seeding stage encounters the rainy day or after planting emerges water droplet irrigation method not
When strip " soil cursting " or " steel helmet " will be formed in the soil that covers of plantation row, and such as not broken " soil cursting ", cotton can not normally push up soil and go out
Seedling manually abolishes " soil cursting " even if emergence, also shows as that emergence rate is low, seedling is weak, and growing way is extremely irregular.
Researcher further investigates discovery：Kind cave center 0-10 cm temperature and soil moisture content are significantly compared with its kind of cave
It is low with the mulching film edge soil moisture of mulch junction, soil moisture content is poor, due to become light warm nature, the hydrotaxis of plant itself, cause cotton
The phenomenon that cotton seedling occurs to deviate kind cave center to some extent when flower pushes up soil emergence, cotton seedling top soil position is just in film when serious
Under, such situation such as nobody put seedling in time and cause high temperature burn seedlings under film and dead；Consider that cotton field puts seedling, abolishes " soil cursting ", even
It fills the gaps with seedlings, substantially increases cotton management recruitment, planting cost is caused to increase, along with big with yield caused by the above problem
Width reduce, finally cause plant cotton benefit significantly decline, therefore, as early as possible research and develop under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment under not into
Row preseeding irrigation cotton field is kept a full stand of seedings method, very necessary.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide do not carry out preseeding irrigation cotton field guarantor under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment
Seedling-growing method, this method is prepared by cotton field, kind and seed preparation, sowing, irrigation, envelope kind cave hole and other field management methods walk
Rapid composition proposes that in cotton's seeding time and seeding stage cotton field location be not tuyere area, and cotton field stores moisture in the soil without preseeding irrigation,
Arable layer saliferous rate 0.3-2.9 g/kg, soil property are loam or sandy loam, select seed as the light seed after sulfuric acid-treated, seed
It must be cleaned by air-screen separator, gravity cleaner, broken seed cleaner and color selector, seed must be coated, and germination percentage should
In 90.4-96.8%, cotton field sowing must be completed disposably in addition to without two operation procedures of sowing cotton seed row earthing and suppression
The shaping of kind bed, is laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, precise-amount seed dibbing, wherein 8 operation procedure of soil pressing on membrane band, film at trench digging
2 soil zones are formed after upper mound press mold, are that phragmosis emergence ensures band and windproof film-pressing strip respectively, wherein soil pressing on membrane forms phragmosis
Emergence ensures band and windproof film-pressing strip, and wherein phragmosis emergence ensures band in strip, average thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.7cm, width
2.5-3.5 cm, and it is parallel with sowing cotton seed row, with sowing cotton seed row at a distance of 1.8-2.5 cm；Windproof film-pressing strip is located in mulch
On axis, 1 " hill " is stacked every 80.0-100.0cm, " hill " floor space 180.0-250.0 cm2, height 5.5-
8.5 cm, each " hill " central point connecting line are in line, and parallel with sowing cotton seed row.1-2 emergence water of kind of drop is finished,
Under normal temperature conditions, cotton finishes kind of a 1-3 days interior progress trickle irrigations, and trickle irrigation amount is 10-12 m3/ mu；Usually in cotton seedling 1
1 heart stage of leaf, connects row with grave mound machine from cotton（The bare area part of mulch is not covered）It fetches earth, and cotton planting row kind cave is covered
Grave hole, soil used in earthing should be the soil fine crushing of no diameter 2.5-4.5 cm, thickness of earth covering 2.0-3.2 cm, the other guarantors in cotton field
Seedling management measure conventionally carries out.
Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment of the present invention to keep a full stand of seedings method, packet
Include following steps：
A, cotton field prepares：Cotton's seeding time is not tuyere area with seeding stage cotton field location, and cotton field stores moisture in the soil without preseeding irrigation,
Its arable layer saliferous rate 0.3-2.9 g/kg, soil property are loam or sandy loam；
B, kind and seed preparation：The local main breed of selection, seed be it is sulfuric acid-treated after light seed, light seed must pass through 1-
2 gravity type are cleaned, 1 Winnowing type is cleaned, 1 reveals seed choosing and 1 color sorting；Seed must be coated, and seed coat agent used must be prevented
Cotton kind passes, soil-borne disease, should contain any kind of following 4 kinds of pesticides, these pesticides are carbendazim thiram first
Base founds withered phosphorus, carboxin thiram, Seedvax thiram orthene, Diacloden fludioxonil Metalaxyl-M,
Ensure physical purity of seed >=99.0% to be broadcast, moisture≤12.0%, residual hair rate≤0.5%, residual acid rate≤0.15%, germination percentage should be
90.4-96.8%；
C, it sows：Planting patterns is under-film drip irrigation mode, and the essence equipped with satellite positioning and navigation system is selected by local normal sowing dates
Measure planting with sowing machine, except without sowing cotton seed row earthing and suppression two operation procedures in addition to, must disposably complete kind of a bed shaping,
Trench digging, be laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, precise-amount seed dibbing, on film during 8 operation procedure of mound film-pressing strip, wherein plastic film mulch
It should accomplish not weigh not leaking, to side to angle, mulch is close to ground, and film surface is totally open and flat, and cotton field handing-over row error is 0.5-2.0
Cm, during mulch earthing, it is desirable that mulch both sides are embedded in 6-8cm in soil respectively；Precise-amount seed dibbing requirement seeding down is uniform, dislocation rate 0-
1.5%, hole rate 0-3%, the depth is consistent, leaks and covers rate 0-2%, forms 2 soil zones on film after mound press mold, is phragmosis emergence respectively
Ensure band and windproof film-pressing strip, wherein phragmosis emergence ensures that band is of a straight line type strip, parallel with sowing cotton seed row, is broadcast with cotton
Kind row is at a distance of 1.8-2.5 cm, thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.7 cm, width 2.5-3.5 cm；Windproof film-pressing strip is located at mulch central axes
On, in dotted arrangement, every is stacked 1 " hill ", " hill " floor space 180.0-250.0 cm2, height 5.5-8.5
Cm, spacing 80.0-100.0 cm；
D, it irrigates：Finish 1-2 emergence water of kind of drop；
E, envelope kind cave hole（Referred to as envelope hole）：Usually in 1 heart stage of 1 leaf of cotton seedling, row is connect from cotton with grave mound machine（The naked of mulch is not covered
Ground part）It fetches earth, and earthing envelope hole is carried out to cotton planting row kind cave, soil used in earthing should be the thin of no diameter 2.5-4.5 cm
Hack earth, thickness of earth covering 2.0-3.2 cm；If cotton field surface layer salt content is higher or meets the rainy day, earthing envelope hole time retardation 3-5
It is carried out.
Preferably, the seeder selects the mechanical cotton precision sowing machine of pocket, and dibbler master radius is 19.0
± 1.0 cm, single 18.0 ± 2.0 kg/ of dibbler assembly, duckbilled length 2.3-3.2 cm, depth of planting 1.8-3.0
Cm, the wide 120-230 cm of mulch film, film thickness are 0.008-0.01 mm.
Preferably, the drip irrigation zone is arranged using side seam labyrinth type, is distributed in branch pipe bilateral, and quantity setting in drip irrigation zone uses
A line（Cotton planting row）One band（Drip irrigation zone）Or two lines and one belt mode, Bian Hang（Mulch both sides cotton planting row）Lighting surface（Outside
Side do not place into the soil in visible mulch width）For 9.5-17.5cm, drip irrigation zone is gone parallel with plantation；When a line one is with mode,
Drip irrigation zone with close to plantation row vertical interval 5.0-8.5 cm, during two lines and one belt mode, drip irrigation zone should be placed on close in two rows
Between position；Drip irrigation zone internal diameter used is 16 mm, water dropper spacing 25-35 cm, dripping end flow 2.0-3.0 L/h, drip irrigation zone spacing
72-77 cm, branch diameter used in trickle irrigation select 75 mm, branch tube spacing 48-62 m；Phragmosis emergence positioned at side row ensures that band should
On the inside of film surface.
Preferably, the drip irrigation method meets condition：Under normal temperature conditions, cotton finishes is dripped in kinds 1-3 days
It fills, trickle irrigation amount is 10-12 m3/ mu if after first time trickle irrigation, there is continuous 3-7 days fine days hot weather, leads to cotton seedling top
0-10cm soil moisture contents 9.0-11.0% during soil, need to carry out the 2nd trickle irrigation, and trickle irrigation amount is 7-10m3/ mu, drip-irrigation water
Salinity is 0.20-0.45g/L；It was cloudy day microthermal climate when continuous 3-5 days, after cotton finishes kind, is ensuring no disaster caused by a windstorm
In the case of, it oozes before Miao Shui should be postponed to the arrival of temperature normal weather and carries out for 1 day.
Preferably, the envelope kind cave hole meets condition：When soil hardening or larger soil block, must first use with hack wheel
Cultivator intertills hack, it is ensured that the soil block of every square metre of interior diameter 1.5-2.5 cm is limited in 0-3 blocks, then passes through machine in plantation row
Tool earthing seals hole.
It is other：The other management measures of keeping a full stand of seedings in cotton field conventionally carry out.
The present invention proposes method of the present invention suitable for the cotton field used, and its clear and definite sowing is referred to seed quality
Sowing cotton seed row earthing when marking, breaking sowing, the conventional practice of suppression, when being changed to sowing cotton seed to sowing cotton seed capable not earthing,
It does not suppress, just to sowing cotton seed row earthing, suppression after cotton emergence is existing, with reference to other supporting technologies, such as cotton field preparation, product
Kind and seed preparation, irrigation, press windproof soil zone on mulch, drip irrigation zone be laid with and cotton top soil after earthing envelope hole etc. in due course, such as
This can solve the problems, such as cotton seedling top soil strength it is weak cause to emerge difference and meet rain or trickle irrigation is improper causes " soil cursting ", field
Between investigate and show：Because not earthing, the field local microenvironment for not suppressing formation can effectively reduce the generation of cotton seedling dislocation, will sow
When do not seal and hole is sealed when hole is changed to a leaf wholeheartedly can prevent cotton field crop smothering, promote cotton development, reduce the soil evaporation of water in soil and big wind
The risk of broken mulch；Do not carry out preseeding irrigation cotton field under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment, method of the invention can be realized
One broadcasts the target of full stand, successfully solves technical barrier urgently to be resolved hurrily in production, effect of increasing production is very notable, and has bright
Aobvious ecology and abridged edition effect, it is of far-reaching significance to Cotton Production sustainable development.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The method of the invention is in 2016,2017 in the 5th teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang（Hereinafter referred to as five teachers）Jin Bo kind industry
The good numerous well 2 of base 1 ground of center cotton promotes and applies, and 110.8 mu of area, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out：
A, cotton field prepares：It is not tuyere area in cotton's seeding time and seeding stage cotton field location, 0-28 cm arable layer saliferous
Rate 2 years is respectively 1.6,0.3g/kg, and soil property is sandy loam, does not carry out preseeding irrigation and store moisture in the soil to fill.
B, kind and seed preparation：The local main breed of selection, two use selected cotton variety for new land morning 29, newly every year
No. 77 in land, seed is provided by rich kind of industry center of gold, and it is the light seed being process through dilute sulfuric acid lint technique to confirm the seed,
Its light seed passes through the 5XZ-10 specific gravity separators by 1 Jiuquan OK Seed Machinery Co., Ltd., 1 triumphant 5XD-10 difficult to understand
The magnetic separation type cotton seed that type air-screen separator, 1 Xinjiang Tian Zuo seeds Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. produce breaks seed machine and 1 Britain's cloth
Le Sauteur Ces Co., Ltd（Buhler SORTEX）The double-colored color selector of Z+4B cotton seeds of manufacture is totally 4 selected, to prevent root rot from sending out
Raw, seed two is coated every year, and seed coat agent used selects two kinds of suspension seed-coating agents that Xinjiang Jin Hua pesticides Co., Ltd produces,
Effective ingredient is respectively that 6% carbendazim .12% thiram .8% methyl founds withered spirit, 20% carboxin .20% thiram；It is chosen seeds within 2 years
Sub- cleanliness, moisture, residual hair rate and residual sour rate respectively >=99.0% ,≤12.0% ,≤0.5% and≤0.15%, 2 years germinations
Rate is respectively 93.0%, 96.8%.
C, it sows：2 year sowing time was respectively April 18, April 13, and planting patterns is under-film drip irrigation mode, selects Xinjiang section
The mechanical precision planter precision planter sowing of 2MBJ-1/6 pockets of refreshing agricultural equipment Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. production, should
Seeder is equipped with the DEBONT Big Dipper satellite positioning and navigation systems navigation of Beijing moral nation greatly Science and Technology Co., Ltd.'s production
Instrument, dibbler radius 2 years are 20.0cm, and weight 18 kg/, pressure mouth length is 2.3cm, and depth of planting is 2.1 cm,
Wide 2 years respectively 180,210 cm of mulch film, 2 years respectively 0.008,0.01 mm of film thickness, except without sowing cotton seed row
It is disposable to complete kind of a bed shaping, trench digging, be laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, essence outside two operation procedures of earthing and suppression
Accomplish not weigh when amount dibbling, 8 operation procedure of soil pressing on membrane band, wherein plastic film mulch and not leak, to side to angle, mulch is tight with ground
Patch, film surface is totally open and flat, and handing-over row error is respectively 0.5,1.2 cm within 2 years, and during mulch earthing, mulch both sides enter respectively within 2 years
Soil 6,8cm；Seeding down is uniform, and 2 years dislocation rates are respectively 0,0.5%, and hole rate is respectively 0,1.2% within 2 years, and the depth is consistent, 2 years
It is 0% that rate is covered in leakage, and 2 soil zones are pressed on film, is that phragmosis emergence ensures band and windproof film-pressing strip respectively, wherein phragmosis emergence ensures
Band is of a straight line type strip, parallel with sowing cotton seed row, and at a distance of 2 years, respectively 1.8,2.1 cm, earthing were thick with sowing cotton seed row
2 years respectively 1.2,1.5 cm of degree, 2 years respectively 2.5,3.0 cm of width；Windproof film-pressing strip is in point on mulch central axes
Shape arranges, and every is stacked 1 " hill ", and 2 years " hill " spacing are respectively 80.0,90.0 cm " hill " floor spaces two
Year is respectively 220.0,250.0 cm2, height 2 years respectively 7.0,8.5 cm, each " hill " central point connecting line Cheng Zhi
Line, and it is parallel with sowing cotton seed row.Side row phragmosis emergence ensures band on the inside of its film.
Drip irrigation zone is arranged using side seam labyrinth type, is distributed in branch pipe bilateral, and drip irrigation zone quantity setting two uses a line every year
One band mode, lighting surface 2 years is respectively 13.5,18.5cm on the outside of the row of side, and drip irrigation zone is gone parallel with plantation；Drip irrigation zone with its most
Nearly plantation row vertical interval 5.0,7.0 cm, drip irrigation zone internal diameter used are 16 mm, and water dropper spacing 2 years is respectively 25,30 cm,
2 years respectively 2.0,2.5 L/h of dripping end flow, 2 years respectively 72,77 cm of drip irrigation zone spacing, branch diameter two used in trickle irrigation
75 mm of average annual selection, 2 years respectively 48,55 m of branch tube spacing.
D, it finishes within 2 years and drips 1,2 emergence water kind respectively, kind cloudy low temperature for three days on end occur due to finishing within 2016, and
Kind is finished within 2017 as normal temperature conditions, is dripped for the first time within 2 years（Emergence）The water time is finishing kinds 2,1 days in, i.e. April 20 respectively
Carry out day, April 14 trickle irrigation, 2 years respectively 10,11 m of trickle irrigation amount3/ mu after first time trickle irrigation in 2017, occurs continuous 7
Its fine day hot weather leads to 0-10 cm soil moisture contents 9.0% during the soil of cotton seedling top, and the is carried out after on April 22nd, 2017
Secondary trickle irrigation, trickle irrigation amount are 10 m3/ mu, drip-irrigation water salinity 2 years are 0.20g/L.
E, envelope kind cave hole（Referred to as envelope hole）：Two every year in 1 heart stage of 1 leaf of cotton seedling（Date is respectively May 2, April 28）,
Row is connect with the 1S-220 grave mounds machine that Shihezi Shunchangnong Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. produces from cotton to fetch earth, and to cotton planting row
Kind cave passes through mechanical earthing and seals hole, fine crushing soil of the soil used in 2 years earthing without diameter 2.5-3.5 cm, thickness of earth covering
2.0-3.2 cm；During earthing in 2016, since 1 heart stage of 1 leaf meets rainy day soil hardening, first used in hack wheel within 2nd May
The machine of ploughing intertillage hack, it is ensured that the soil block of 2 years every square metre of interior diameter 1.5-2.5 cm is 0, then carries out plantation row earthing envelope
Hole.
It is other：The other management measures of keeping a full stand of seedings in cotton field conventionally carry out.
Embodiment 2
The method of the invention is in 2016,2017 in Shuan Quan Specialty Co-operative Organizations of Shawan County great Quan townshiies cotton testing of new technique
Model field, 405.5 mu of area, the demonstration pilot project are located at east longitude E85 ° 64 ' 87 ", 44 ° 35 ' 73 of north latitude N ", concrete operations are by following
Step carries out：
Cotton field prepares：
A, cotton field prepares：It is not tuyere area in cotton's seeding time and seeding stage cotton field location, 0-28 cm arable layer saliferous
Rate 2 years is respectively 2.9,1.8g/kg, and soil property is loam, does not carry out preseeding irrigation and store moisture in the soil to fill；
B, kind and seed preparation：The local main breed of selection, two use selected cotton variety as in new land morning 29, new land every year
No. 77, seed is provided by rich kind of industry center of gold, confirms that the seed is the light seed being process through dilute sulfuric acid lint technique, light
5XZ-5 specific gravity separator, 1 5X-5 type air-screen separator, 1 Jiangsu of the seed by the production of 2 Nanjing farming ＆ stockbreeding machinery factories
The type pin type cotton seeds of HXZF -200 of Hao Xiang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.s production break seed machine and 1 Hefei ,Anhui Thailand standing grain Optoelectronics Technology
The safe standing grain board 6SXZ-315 CCD type cottonseeds color sorting of limited company's production is totally 5 selected, to prevent root rot, seed
Two average annual coatings, seed coat agent used select Xinjiang Oasis Xingyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. and this biology of Qingdao Audi respectively
The suspension seed-coating agent of Science and Technology Ltd.'s production, effective ingredient is respectively 3.6% Seedvax, 3.6% thiram, 11.4% second
Acyl acephatemet, 22.2% Diacloden, 1.1% fludioxonil, 1.7% Metalaxyl-M, seed coat agent dosage：Per kilogram seed coat agent mixes 45-50
Kilogram seed；Physical purity of seed selected by 2 years, moisture, residual hair rate and residual sour rate be respectively >=99.0% ,≤12.0% ,≤0.5% and≤
0.15%, 2 years percentages of seedgermination are respectively 90.4%, 93.0%.
C, it sows：2 year sowing time was respectively April 21, April 16, and planting patterns is under-film drip irrigation mode, is selected new
The mechanical precision planter precision drilling machine sowing of 2MBJ-1/6 pockets of Jiang Keshen agricultural equipments Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. production
Kind, the seeder this be equipped with Beijing moral nation greatly Science and Technology Co., Ltd. production DEBONT big-dipper satellite location navigations system
It unites navigator, dibbler radius 2 years is respectively 20.0,22.0cm, and dibbler weight 2 years is respectively 24.0,30.0 kg/,
Pressure mouth length 2 years is respectively 3.2,2.8cm, and depth of planting 2 years is respectively 3.0,2.6cm, and mulch film wide 2 years is respectively
120th, 230 cm, 2 years respectively 0.008,0.01 mm of film thickness, except without two operations of sowing cotton seed row earthing and suppression
Outside program, disposably complete kind of a bed shaping, trench digging, be laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, precise-amount seed dibbing, soil pressing on membrane
Accomplish not weigh when 8 operation procedure of band, wherein plastic film mulch and not leak, to side to angle, mulch is close to ground, and film surface is totally open and flat, and two
Year handing-over row error is respectively 0.9,2.0 cm, and during mulch earthing, bury 6,7 cm respectively on 2 years mulch both sides；Seeding down is uniform,
2 years dislocation rates are respectively 1.5%, 0.9%, and hole rate is respectively 3.0%, 1.7% within 2 years, and the depth is consistent, and leakage in 2 years covers rate and is
0%, 2 soil zones are pressed on film, are that phragmosis emergence ensures band and windproof film-pressing strip respectively, wherein phragmosis emergence ensures that band is of a straight line type
Strip, it is parallel with sowing cotton seed row, at a distance of 2 years it was respectively 2.0,2.5 cm with sowing cotton seed row, thickness of earth covering 2 years is respectively
For 1.5,1.7 cm, 2 years respectively 3.0,3.5 cm of width；Windproof film-pressing strip is on mulch central axes in dotted arrangement, every point
It stacks 1 " hill ", 2 years " hill " spacing are respectively 90.0,100.0 cm " hill " floor space 2 years respectively
180.0、230.0 cm2, highly 2 years are respectively 5.5,7.5 cm, and each " hill " central point connecting line is in line, and with
Sowing cotton seed row is parallel.Side row phragmosis emergence ensures band on the inside of its film, and drip irrigation zone is arranged using side seam labyrinth type, is distributed in branch
Pipe bilateral, drip irrigation zone quantity setting two every year using a line one with mode, on the outside of the row of side lighting surface be respectively within 2 years 12.5,
15.5cm, drip irrigation zone are parallel with plantation row；Row vertical interval 6.5,8.5 cm, drip irrigation zone used are planted recently with it in drip irrigation zone
Internal diameter is 16 mm, and water dropper spacing 2 years is respectively 35,30 cm, and dripping end flow 2 years is respectively 3.0,2.5 L/h, trickle irrigation interband
It was respectively 77,75 cm away from 2 years, branch diameter two used in trickle irrigation selects 75 mm, branch tube spacing 2 years respectively 62,57 every year
m。
D, it finishes within 2 years and drips 1,2 emergence water kind respectively, kind continuous 5 days cloudy low temperature occur due to finishing within 2016, and
Kind is finished within 2017 as normal temperature conditions, is dripped for the first time within 2 years（Emergence）The water time is finishing kinds 4,3 days in, i.e. April 25 respectively
Carry out day, April 19 trickle irrigation, 2 years respectively 11,12 m of trickle irrigation amount3/ mu after first time trickle irrigation in 2017, occurs continuous 3
Its fine day hot weather leads to 0-10cm soil moisture contents 11.0% during the soil of cotton seedling top, and the is carried out after on April 26th, 2017
Secondary trickle irrigation, trickle irrigation amount are 7m3/ mu, drip-irrigation water salinity 2 years are 0.45g/L.
E, envelope kind cave hole（Referred to as envelope hole）：Two every year in 1 heart stage of 1 leaf of cotton seedling（Date is respectively May 5, April 30）,
Row is connect with the 1S-220 grave mounds machine that Shihezi Shunchangnong Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. produces from cotton to fetch earth, and to cotton planting row
Hole is sealed in kind of cave by mechanical earthing, and soil used in 2 years earthing is the soil fine crushing of no diameter 3.0-4.5 cm, thickness of earth covering
2.0-3.2 cm；During earthing in 2016, since cotton field surface layer salt content is higher, and soil soil block is larger, is first used within 7th May
Cultivator intertillage hack with hack wheel, it is ensured that the soil block of 2 years every square metre of interior diameter 1.5-2.5cm is respectively 3,0.8
It is a, then carry out plantation row earthing envelope hole.
It is other：The other management measures of keeping a full stand of seedings in cotton field conventionally carry out.
Result of implementation：In embodiment implementation each implementation point cotton field cotton guarantor of the invention is investigated respectively 10-14 days May current year
Seedling rate, at the same using current year embodiment periphery routinely keep a full stand of seedings method cotton field as control, investigate its emergence rate respectively, often implement every year
Example and periphery control difference 5-8 point of random searching, as a result show：Using this patent survival rate of seedlings 85.6-91.4%, control is kept a full stand of seedings
Rate 78.4-84.7%, embodiment and control two annual survival rate of seedlings of cotton field are respectively 88.5%, 81.3%, and embodiment is sowed compared with the same period
Routine keep a full stand of seedings method periphery control cotton field survival rate of seedlings it is 7.2 percentage points high.
Table 1：Embodiment is with compareing survival rate of seedlings investigation and comparison sheet（Unit：%）
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 1 compares | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 2 compares | Embodiment is averaged | Control is average | Embodiment is differed with control | |
| 2016 | 86.9 | 78.4 | 85.6 | 79.5 | 86.3 | 79.0 | 7.3 |
| 2017 | 91.4 | 84.7 | 89.8 | 82.3 | 90.6 | 83.5 | 7.1 |
| It is average | 89.2 | 81.6 | 87.7 | 80.9 | 88.5 | 81.3 | 7.2 |
Claims (5)
1. preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method, it is characterised in that by following
Step carries out：
A, cotton field prepares：Cotton's seeding time is not tuyere area with seeding stage cotton field location, and cotton field stores moisture in the soil without preseeding irrigation,
Its arable layer saliferous rate 0.3-2.9 g/kg, soil property are loam or sandy loam；
B, kind and seed preparation：The local cotton main breed of selection, seed be it is sulfuric acid-treated after light seed, the smooth seed palpus
It is cleaned by 1-2 roads gravity type, 1 Winnowing type is cleaned, 1 reveals seed choosing and 1 color sorting；Seed must be coated, and seed coat agent used must
Cotton kind biography, soil-borne disease must be prevented, it is ensured that percentage of seedgermination 90.4-96.8% to be broadcast；
C, it sows：Planting patterns is under-film drip irrigation mode, and the essence equipped with satellite positioning and navigation system is selected by local normal sowing dates
Measure planting with sowing machine, except without sowing cotton seed row earthing and suppression two operation procedures in addition to, must disposably complete kind of a bed shaping,
Trench digging, be laid with drip irrigation zone, plastic film mulch, press mold, punching, precise-amount seed dibbing, on film during 8 operation procedure of mound film-pressing strip, wherein plastic film mulch
It should accomplish not weigh not leaking, to side to angle, mulch is close to ground, and film surface is totally open and flat, and cotton field handing-over row error is 0.5-2.0
Cm, during mulch earthing, it is desirable that mulch both sides are embedded in 6-8cm in soil respectively；Precise-amount seed dibbing requirement seeding down is uniform, dislocation rate 0-
1.5%, hole rate 0-3%, the depth is consistent, leaks and covers rate 0-2%, forms 2 soil zones on film after mound press mold, is phragmosis emergence respectively
Ensure band and windproof film-pressing strip, wherein phragmosis emergence ensures that band is of a straight line type strip, parallel with sowing cotton seed row, is broadcast with cotton
Kind row is at a distance of 1.8-2.5 cm, thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.7 cm, width 2.5-3.5 cm；Windproof film-pressing strip is located at mulch central axes
On, in dotted arrangement, every is stacked 1 " hill ", " hill " floor space 180.0-250.0 cm2, height 5.5-8.5
Cm, spacing 80.0-100.0 cm；
D, it irrigates：Finish 1-2 emergence water of kind of drop；
E, envelope kind cave hole（Referred to as envelope hole）：Usually in 1 heart stage of 1 leaf of cotton seedling, row is connect from cotton with grave mound machine（The naked of mulch is not covered
Ground part）It fetches earth, and earthing envelope hole is carried out to cotton planting row kind cave, soil used in earthing should be the thin of no diameter 2.5-4.5 cm
Hack earth, thickness of earth covering 2.0-3.2 cm；If cotton field surface layer salt content is higher or meets the rainy day, earthing envelope hole time retardation 3-5
It is carried out.
2. the preseeding irrigation cotton field side of keeping a full stand of seedings is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that seeder in the step c is the mechanical cotton precision sowing machine of pocket, dibbler master radius
For 19.0 ± 1.0 cm, single 18.0 ± 2.0 kg/ of dibbler assembly is a, duckbilled length 2.3-3.2 cm, and depth of planting is
1.8-3.0 cm, the wide 120-230 cm of mulch film, film thickness are 0.008-0.01 mm.
3. the preseeding irrigation cotton field side of keeping a full stand of seedings is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the drip irrigation zone in the step c is arranged using side seam labyrinth type, is distributed in branch pipe bilateral, drip irrigation zone quantity
Setting is using a line（Cotton planting row）One band（Drip irrigation zone）Or two lines and one belt mode, Bian Hang（Mulch both sides cotton planting row）It adopts
Smooth surface（Outside do not place into the soil in visible mulch width）For 9.5-17.5cm, drip irrigation zone is gone parallel with plantation.
4. the preseeding irrigation cotton field side of keeping a full stand of seedings is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the trickle irrigation in the step d meets condition：Under normal temperature conditions, cotton finish in kinds 1-3 days into
Row trickle irrigation, trickle irrigation amount are 10-12 m3/ mu.
5. the preseeding irrigation cotton field side of keeping a full stand of seedings is not carried out under a kind of under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the step e meets condition：When soil hardening or larger soil block, the intertillage with hack wheel must be first used
Machine intertills hack, it is ensured that the soil block of every square metre of interior diameter 1.5-2.5 cm is limited in 0-3 blocks, then is covered in plantation row by machinery
Grave hole.
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| CN109863973A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-06-11 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | It is a kind of first to cover the cotton live broadcasting method sowed after mulch |
| CN111742807A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-09 | 于永良 | High-efficiency cotton sowing method for high-standard cotton field |
| CN114631469A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-17 | 新疆长金农业科技有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN115500231A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-23 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | High-efficiency seedling cultivation technology for cotton seedling emergence through dripping water |
| CN116210549A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-06-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Seedling protection cultivation method for acid-regulated cotton under membrane microenvironment |
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Application publication date: 20180615 Assignee: Xinjiang jinfengyuan Seed Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF CASH CROPS, XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES|XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY (XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER) Contract record no.: X2022980016007 Denomination of invention: Method for seedling preservation in cotton fields without pre-sowing irrigation under film drip irrigation for precise sowing Granted publication date: 20200602 License type: Common License Record date: 20220921 |
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Application publication date: 20180615 Assignee: Fine Cotton Ginning Plant of Fengyuan Cotton Breeding Base in Manas County Assignor: INSTITUTE OF CASH CROPS, XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES|XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY (XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER) Contract record no.: X2022980016223 Denomination of invention: Seedling protection method of cotton field without pre sowing irrigation under film drip irrigation precision sowing cultivation environment Granted publication date: 20200602 License type: Common License Record date: 20220923 Application publication date: 20180615 Assignee: Xinjiang National Cotton Original Breeding Base Korla City Awati Township Gin Factory Assignor: INSTITUTE OF CASH CROPS, XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES|XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY (XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER) Contract record no.: X2022980016113 Denomination of invention: Seedling protection method of cotton field without pre sowing irrigation under film drip irrigation precision sowing cultivation environment Granted publication date: 20200602 License type: Common License Record date: 20220922 |