CN114631469A - High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114631469A CN114631469A CN202210361294.5A CN202210361294A CN114631469A CN 114631469 A CN114631469 A CN 114631469A CN 202210361294 A CN202210361294 A CN 202210361294A CN 114631469 A CN114631469 A CN 114631469A
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- saline
- alkali
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- sowing
- cotton
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008723 osmotic stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 23
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 salt ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: s1, adopting a saline-alkali resistant cotton strain cotton seed dry sowing and wet discharging mode to discharge seeds along the saline-alkali horizontal direction for sowing, and using a special sowing machine for dry sowing and wet discharging; s2, adopting side sealing soil, sealing soil in the 2-leaf stage of northern Xinjiang, and sealing soil or sealing soil in the 3-4-leaf stage of southern Xinjiang; s3, fertilizing by using the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, namely selecting the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, arranging drip irrigation belts one by one, using clamp belts in the middle, placing the two sides of each drip irrigation belt at the inner side of a seeding row by 5-10 cm, and leading a water outlet to be towards a ditch. The invention has the advantages that: the seedling emergence speed is high, the salt and alkali osmotic stress is reduced, and the seedling emergence rate is improved by 20-60%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil.
Background
The existing international standard is that the content of the eight-salt ions exceeds 3 g per kilogram, cotton can not normally emerge and grow, the content of the eight-salt ions in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang exceeds 3-20 times of the international standard, cotton farmers traditionally use winter irrigation or spring irrigation to press alkali, the water consumption for pressing the alkali per hectare reaches one thousand cubic meters, the emergence rate is low, the emergence rate is only 30-80 generally, and the payment is not in direct proportion to the return.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting a saline-alkali resistant cotton strain cotton seed dry sowing and wet discharging mode to discharge seeds along the saline-alkali horizontal direction for sowing, and using a special sowing machine for dry sowing and wet discharging;
s2, adopting side sealing soil, sealing soil in the 2-leaf stage of northern Xinjiang, and sealing soil or sealing soil in the 3-4-leaf stage of southern Xinjiang;
s3, fertilizing by using the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, namely selecting the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, arranging drip irrigation belts one by one, using clamp belts in the middle, placing the two sides of each drip irrigation belt at the inner side of a seeding row by 5-10 cm, and leading a water outlet to be towards a ditch.
Preferably, the heavy saline-alkali land blocks are delayed for 7-10 days for sowing, or the double-film mulching is used for increasing the low temperature.
Preferably, the saline-alkali tolerant cotton line cotton seeds comprise long golden cotton No. 55 cotton seeds and long golden cotton No. 66 cotton seeds.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the horizontal alkali discharge is more alkali-pressing than the longitudinal alkali pressing, and 90 percent of water is saved in the seedling emergence period;
2. the seedling emergence speed is high, the salt and alkali osmotic stress is reduced, and the seedling emergence rate is improved by 20-60%;
3. the salt absorption capacity of the fulvic acid organic matter macromolecules is 10 times that of soil, salt ions are absorbed around the fulvic acid organic matter macromolecules, and the infiltration and the stress to root systems are reduced, so that the damage of the salt ions to cotton seedlings is reduced, the normal growth of cotton is realized, and a low-yield field is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table of days to emerge and rate of emergence for 50 lines of saline-alkali soil planted in saline-alkali soil according to the high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to the attached figure 1, saline-alkali tolerant cotton lines are adopted. Through research and screening, a plurality of saline-alkali resistant materials from saline-alkali beaches in Hebei are hybridized with high-yield variety materials in Xinjiang, new varieties of long-golden cotton No. 55 cotton seeds and long-golden cotton No. 66 cotton seeds are screened, and the characteristics of quick seedling emergence and quick growth are shown. Under the condition of normal cultivation management, seedlings emerge 2-3 days earlier than other varieties, and 20-30% more seedlings emerge. We find that the cotton emergence rate is positively correlated with the cotton emergence speed, and the faster the emergence, the lower the penetration degree of saline and alkaline into cotton seeds, and vice versa, thereby affecting the emergence of cotton. We also found that the faster the strain grows in the seedling stage, the stronger the absorption capacity of nutrients in the soil, the stronger the growth, and the less the dead seedlings after raining.
The dry sowing and wet sowing technology obviously improves the rate of emergence. The traditional southern Xinjiang saline-alkali soil is prepared by deeply pressing the vertical direction of saline and alkali below a plough layer by adopting a deep water irrigation method in winter or spring irrigation, 10000 cubic meters of water are consumed per hectare, wet sowing is realized without winter irrigation or spring irrigation, 1000 cubic meters are only needed per hectare, and the saline and alkali is horizontally discharged from seed rows, so that the normal seedling emergence of cotton seeds is realized. The technology is gradually accepted and applied by scientific enthusiasts and pioneers, and tastes sweet. The seedling emergence is faster than that of winter irrigation and spring irrigation, and the seedling emergence rate is also greatly improved. The total water consumption of the cotton field is reduced by more than half. In the application process of southern Xinjiang, some details must be paid attention, otherwise, the wet sowing and discharging technology of northern Xinjiang is carried, so that the number of losers is large, firstly, the drip irrigation belts are arranged in a row, the middle row can be used as a clamp belt, the two sides are preferably placed at the inner sides of the sowing rows by 5-10 cm, and the water outlet is required to be towards the ditch so as to discharge the saline and alkaline into the ditch.
The dry seeding and wet seeding need to use a special seeding machine for dry seeding and wet seeding, adopts side soil sealing, does not need positive soil sealing, and has quicker and more uniform seedling emergence. The sowing of the land with heavy saline-alkali soil is delayed for 7-10 days, or the low temperature is improved by double-film covering. The soil is generally sealed in the 2-leaf stage in northern Xinjiang, because the salt ion content in the soil in southern Xinjiang is higher, the soil is recommended to be sealed until the 3-4-leaf stage, even the soil is not sealed, and the occurrence of dead seedlings is reduced. The saline-alkali soil is easy to grow excessively after the 6-leaf stage, and chemical regulation and control should be well carried out.
Successful cases of dry seeding and wet seeding:
case one
In a plot of 2 years abandoned in Xinjiang in 2021, the total content of the eight large salt ions reaches 24.18g/kg through detection, no seedling appears after the plantation in spring, the long golden cotton 55 is sowed in the second time, and the seedling emergence is more than 90% by using a dry sowing wet emergence technology.
Case two
One land of the Alkarshi county in Kashi city is changed into 5 old plates in 5 years due to heavy salt and alkali, the seedling emergence rate is only 50-60% and is lost, a grower contracts the land in 2021 years at a very low price, and the long golden cotton 66 is planted in 2 days in 5 months by a method of dry sowing and wet emergence, and the seedling emergence rate is 95%.
Case three
40 hectare of saline-alkali soil are heavier near a Harrasu national stock ground in Kurler city, the emergence rate is less than 70%, 1780kg of seed cotton is harvested in 2020, 66 pieces of long golden cotton are planted in 2021 by a dry sowing wet-out technology, the emergence rate is over 90%, the harvested seed cotton is 2400kg, and the yield is increased by 34.8%.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: by using the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, the conditions of raining dead seedlings and short runlength of the dead seedlings can be greatly reduced. The fertilizer adopts fulvic acid and rare earth raw materials, has 10 times of adsorption capacity on salt ions in soil, and can adsorb the salt ions in the soil, thereby reducing the harm to cotton root systems. Generally, when seedling water is dripped, the seedling water is dripped along with water at the first time after strong wind after raining, the effect is reduced by more than 50 percent compared with that of the seedling water without dripping or only dripping clear water, and the growth is accelerated by more than 50 percent.
The production technical standard of the special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of SADIFENG brand is as follows: q652801XCJ 001-2022.
The nitrogen phosphorus and potassium content is more than or equal to 30 g/L, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 10 g/L, the mineral fulvic acid content is more than or equal to 20 g/L, and the pH value is less than or equal to 3.
The developed cotton variety with high saline-alkali resistance is adopted, the dry sowing and wet emergence technology is implemented, the saline-alkali land special saline-alkali land abundant drip irrigation fertilizer is used, the emergence water per hectare only 1000 cubic meters, which is one tenth of the original irrigation fertilizer, the emergence rate reaches over 90 percent, the raining and death seedlings are few, the saline-alkali land is not dead seedlings, and the yield is improved by over 20 percent.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, but the description is not limitative, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting a saline-alkali resistant cotton strain cotton seed dry sowing and wet discharging mode to discharge seeds along the saline-alkali horizontal direction for sowing, and using a special sowing machine for dry sowing and wet discharging;
s2, adopting side sealing soil, sealing soil in the 2-leaf stage of northern Xinjiang, and sealing soil or sealing soil in the 3-4-leaf stage of southern Xinjiang;
s3, fertilizing with special drip irrigation fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, wherein the drip irrigation belt is arranged in one row and in the middle row, the two sides are arranged at the inner side of the sowing row for 5-10 cm, and the water outlet needs to be towards the ditch.
2. The high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sowing of the land with heavy saline-alkali soil is postponed for 7-10 days, or the low temperature is increased by double-film covering.
3. The high-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the saline-alkali resistant cotton line cotton seeds comprise long golden cotton No. 55 cotton seeds and long golden cotton No. 66 cotton seeds.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210361294.5A CN114631469A (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-07 | High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210361294.5A CN114631469A (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-07 | High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil |
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| CN114631469A true CN114631469A (en) | 2022-06-17 |
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| CN202210361294.5A Pending CN114631469A (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2022-04-07 | High-yield cultivation method for saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115119704A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-30 | 新疆三场丰收棉业有限责任公司 | Method for removing salt and alkali during dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in southern Xinjiang area |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107360820A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-21 | 新疆农业科学院棉花工程技术研究中心 | The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton |
| CN108157105A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method |
| CN108293816A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-07-20 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Cotton drough-resistant and saline-alkali resistant Highly effective cultural method |
| CN112314376A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Dry sowing and wet sowing cultivation method for cotton picked by machine in southern Xinjiang |
| AU2021104223A4 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-09 | Tarim University | Method for cultivation of high-yield cotton in saline soil |
-
2022
- 2022-04-07 CN CN202210361294.5A patent/CN114631469A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107360820A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-21 | 新疆农业科学院棉花工程技术研究中心 | The saline and alkaline yield-increasing cultivation method of Resistance Strain of Cotton |
| CN108293816A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-07-20 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Cotton drough-resistant and saline-alkali resistant Highly effective cultural method |
| CN108157105A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Preseeding irrigation cotton field is not carried out under under-film drip irrigation precision drilling planting environment to keep a full stand of seedings method |
| CN112314376A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Dry sowing and wet sowing cultivation method for cotton picked by machine in southern Xinjiang |
| AU2021104223A4 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-09 | Tarim University | Method for cultivation of high-yield cotton in saline soil |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县地方志编纂委员会, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115119704A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-30 | 新疆三场丰收棉业有限责任公司 | Method for removing salt and alkali during dry sowing and wet emergence of cotton in southern Xinjiang area |
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Application publication date: 20220617 |