CN108377872B - A kind of planting method of potato intercropping dandelion - Google Patents

Abstract

A planting method for intercropping dandelion with potatoes relates to a planting method for potatoes. The invention aims to solve the problem that the quality and the yield of potatoes are influenced by rainfall and agricultural mechanical rolling in the existing potato planting process. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, soil preparation; secondly, digging a drainage ditch; filling drainage ditches, sowing dandelion and coating; fourthly, after the dandelion seedlings emerge, leading out the dandelion seedlings from the holes on the mulching film, and covering soil around the dandelion seedling roots after leading out; fifthly, planting potatoes; sixthly, field management; seventhly, harvesting the potatoes; eighthly, harvesting the dandelion in stages. The method can improve the potato yield by 5-10% on the basis of the prior art, the acre yield of the dandelion stem leaves reaches 1800-2000 kg, and 600-800 cubic meters of straws can be consumed per hectare. The invention is suitable for potato planting.

Description

A kind of planting method of potato intercropping dandelion

technical field

The invention relates to a potato planting method.

Background technique

Potatoes are loved by people for their high nutritional value and storage and transportation resistance. But the traditional extensive cultivation methods and unscientific management will result in low potato yield and poor commerciality. Therefore, improving the technical level of potato cultivation is still one of the main measures to improve potato yield and economic benefits. The growth of potatoes requires loose soil, and the oxygen consumption of potato roots is relatively large. The oxygen consumption in the tuber formation stage is 1 to 100 times that of ordinary crops. The expansion of tubers requires loose and breathable soil; if the soil in the potato planting area is poorly drained, the soil will The hardening will cause poor ventilation, which will lead to poor root development of the potato, hindered tuber expansion, deformed or cracked potato pieces, unsmooth potato skins and reduced quality, and even cause tubers to suffocate and rot, especially in rainy years or rainy seasons, when potato tubers expand. In the event of high-intensity rainfall, poor drainage is more likely to cause potato pieces to rot and greatly reduce production. During the period from potato planting to harvest, agricultural machinery repeatedly operates in the potato planting area. The rolling of the soil by agricultural machinery makes the soil agglomerate and hardens, and the soil becomes more compact, which will also cause poor ventilation and block tuber expansion, thereby affecting the quality of potatoes. and yield;

Straw is an important by-product of agricultural production and belongs to renewable resources. Straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and other components. Straw returning can increase soil organic matter accumulation and nutrient content, change soil humus composition and characteristics, improve soil physical properties, reduce soil bulk density, increase porosity, and enhance microbial activity. The total output has reached 182 million tons (air-dried, moisture content of 15%), and the Northeast and North China regions are 120 million tons. However, in recent years, the output of straw in my country has increased rapidly with the continuous improvement of the unit output of the main food product, and the traditional utilization of straw has gradually been weakened and eliminated. However, the traditional straw turning and returning to the field is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and has low economic added value, making it difficult for farmers to accept it. Therefore, the treatment of straw is a difficult point in agricultural production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problem that the quality and yield of potatoes are affected by rainfall and agricultural machinery rolling during the existing potato planting process, and the problem that the existing crop straws are difficult to recover, the invention proposes a potato intercropping dandelion planting method.

A planting method of potato intercropping dandelion is carried out according to the following steps:

1. Land preparation

After the previous crop is harvested, the straw of the previous crop is collected, and then deep ploughing is carried out, and the depth of the deep ploughing is 17-19 cm, and then ridges, raking and suppression are carried out; wherein the ridge spacing is 55-59 cm, the height of the ridge is 25-29 cm, and the ridge is 25-29 cm high. The direction is 15-30° from south to east;

The preceding crop described in step 1 is millet, wheat, corn, sorghum or soybean;

2. Digging the Drainage Ditch

Two ridges are used as a planting unit, and a drainage ditch is dug between the two ridges. The mechanical walking channel is between the ridges on both sides of the drainage ditch and the adjacent ridges; the depth of the drainage ditch is 30-35cm; the width is 20cm ; Transfer the soil excavated in the drainage ditch to the side of the upper surface of the ridge away from the drainage ditch;

3. Drain filling, dandelion sowing and mulching

Stack the collected crop straws at the bottom of the drainage ditch, with a thickness of 5-6cm, in 2-3 layers, and stack a layer of livestock manure between each layer of the previous crop straws, and the thickness of each layer of livestock manure is 2-4cm; then Lay the soil dug out of the drainage ditch on the upper layer of the previous crop straw, the thickness of the tiled soil is 2-3cm, and then continue to stack 5-6 layers of the previous crop straw on the upper layer of the soil, with a thickness of 5-6cm, and each layer is A layer of soil dug out of the drainage ditch is stacked between the previous crop straws, and the thickness of the soil is 2-3 cm. Finally, the soil dug in the drainage ditch is tiled on the upper surface of the uppermost layer of straw, with a thickness of 2-3 cm. Sow dandelion seeds on the soil covered with straw on the upper layer, 1.1 to 1.5 kg per mu, and then cover the soil with 1 cm; cover the upper surface of the drainage ditch with plastic film, the two sides of the plastic film extend to 5 cm from the center of the ridge, and the drainage ditch is The remaining soil excavated from the inside is covered to the edges of both sides of the plastic film; holes are drilled in the plastic film; the hole diameter is 0.5-1 cm, and the hole spacing is 8-10 cm;

The mulch biodegradable CPP film described in step 3;

In the step 3, the livestock manure is mixed with pesticides; the dosage of the pesticides is to add 1.5-2 kg of phoxim particles per 50 cubic meters of livestock manure;

The said previous crop straw in step 3 includes the complete previous crop straw and the previous crop branches and leaves;

4. After the dandelion seedlings emerge, the dandelion seedlings are drawn out from the holes on the plastic film, and the soil is covered around the roots of the dandelion seedlings after being drawn out;

5. Potato planting

Before potato planting, seed potato germination is carried out to prepare bud blocks, and then planting; the planting time is the end of April of the second year, the sowing depth is 10-12 cm, the planting spacing is 15-20 cm, and the planting row position is offset from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch 5cm; soil thickness after planting is 3.5-5 cm; base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are applied together when sowing, and topdressing is applied at potato seedling stage, budding stage, tuber expansion stage and cultivating soil;

The base fertilizer described in step 5 is organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the applied amount of organic fertilizer is 200 kilograms per mu; the applied amount of farmyard manure is 2 tons per mu; the seed fertilizer is special fertilizer for potato, diamine and potassium sulfate, and diamine is applied The amount of fertilizer is 25 kg per mu, the application amount of potassium sulfate is 10 kg per mu, and the application amount of potato special fertilizer is 15 to 20 kg;

Step 5: The process of germinating seed potatoes to prepare sprout blocks is as follows: germination is carried out 20 to 30 days before sowing; the seed potatoes are spread out in a lighthouse to avoid direct sunlight, the temperature is kept at 15°C to 18°C, and the seed potatoes are stacked. 2 to 3 layers, turn the seed potato pile every 3 to 5 days. When the sprouts on the seed potatoes are 0.3 to 0.4 cm long and the buds turn from white to green or purple, cut the seed potatoes into sprouts. Disinfect with 75% alcohol, each sprout block weighs 25-35g, and each sprout block has 1-3 sprouts; the seed potatoes are virus-free seed potatoes;

6. Field Management

Carry out pruning after the potato emerges. When pruning, keep the main stem with thick stalk and dark green leaves, and remove other stems from the base. At the end of the potato growing period, remove the branches and branch leaves below 15-20 cm on the main stem of the potato;

7. Potato Harvest

After the stems and leaves of the potato are withered, the seedlings are killed, and the ridge is broken by machinery. The position of the broken ridge is directly below the position of the potato planting row, and the depth of the broken ridge is the same as the depth of the ditch drainage;

8. Staged Harvest of Dandelion

In the autumn of the first year, from the end of October to the middle of November, harvest dandelions with a leaf length of 10-15cm. When harvesting, use a blade to cut off the plants above the ground and keep the roots;

Or before the potato planting in step 4, harvest dandelion with a leaf length of 10-15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground when harvesting, and keep the roots;

Or in the process of potato growth, harvest dandelions with a leaf length of 10 to 15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground and retain the roots during harvesting;

Or after the potatoes are harvested, harvest the dandelion roots.

The principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. During soil preparation of the present invention, ridges are raked at the same time, and after raking, the problem of soil moisture running easily during thawing in early spring can be solved, and the soil can be leveled after the suppression, reducing the large pores on the surface layer, and playing the role of protecting moisture, while covering the soil. The membrane can enhance the moisture retention effect;

2. In the present invention, the ridge spacing is 55-59 cm, which is smaller than the ridge spacing of existing potato planting, and can improve the yield per unit area;

3. The present invention reduces the ridge distance and at the same time shifts the position of the potato planting row from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch by 5 cm, so the growth position of the potato tubers is biased towards the drainage ditch, and the straw filled in the drainage ditch is more conducive to providing the growth of potato plants after it is decomposed. Humus nutrients; because the filling in the drainage ditch is relatively loose, the lateral pressure of the filling on the soil in the ridges on both sides of the drainage ditch is small, which is beneficial to avoid the obstruction of potato tuber expansion and the occurrence of tuber deformities, and can improve yield; In the prior art, the rolling of the ridges caused by mechanical walking makes the soil hard and affects the growth of potato tubers; the present invention shifts the position of the potato planting row from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch by 5cm, so that the growth of the potato tubers is improved. The area is far away from the rolling area of mechanical walking, which further prevents the expansion of potato tubers and the occurrence of deformity of potato pieces;

4. The present invention is provided with a drainage ditch, and the height of the filler filled in the drainage ditch will be higher than that of the ridge table. With the decay of straw and soil compression, the height of the filler in the drainage ditch filling will be lower than that of the ridge table, and the drainage ditch has It has the functions of preparing machine fertilizer, draining water, ventilating and adjusting soil humidity; the invention makes a drainage ditch after the previous crop is harvested, and the former crop straw and livestock manure filled in the drainage ditch constitute a composting structure, and after the first year In autumn, the first winter of the first year and the Spring Festival of the second year, the previous crop straws and livestock manures become organic fertilizers with humus components, which are rich in nutrients, increase the organic matter components of the soil, make the soil loose, and promote the soil Breathable, improve water retention capacity, and at the same time can absorb ammonium, potassium, sodium and other elements, so that soil fertilizer is not lost; the depth of the drainage ditch is 30 to 35 cm, and the tubers of potatoes are generally distributed in the ground 8 to 20 cm. The location is lower than the potato tuber growing area. When encountering heavy rainfall, the drainage ditch can collect the rainwater and drain it out of the farming area, which avoids the potato tuber rot and greatly reduces the yield; meanwhile, the filling in the drainage ditch also has the ability to absorb water, Play the role of regulating soil moisture;

5. Generally, the solar radiation is the strongest around 12 every day, and between 12:00 and 13:00 is the time period when the temperature rises the fastest and the temperature is the highest. The north-south ridge can improve crop ventilation, but the present invention is planted between two ridges of potatoes. The dandelion is covered with plastic film. When the solar radiation is the strongest, if the sun shines on the plastic film, the plastic film will produce reflected light, and the reflected light will cause baking damage to the growing dandelion branches and leaves. Excessive sunlight exposure to the plastic film will also cause drainage under the plastic film The inner temperature is too high and the water is lost by excessive evaporation; the ridge direction of the present invention is 15-30° east-south at the same time, which can ensure the use of potato plants with a main stem of 15-20cm or more between 12:00 and 13:00 to lower dandelion plants and dandelion plants. The mulching film is used to cover, which can avoid the occurrence of the above-mentioned problems; at the same time, the present invention carries out pruning after the potato emerges, retains the main stem with thick and strong stalks and dark green leaves during pruning, and removes other stems from the base. The branches and branch leaves below 15-20cm on the main stem are removed. After pruning, the ventilation of the lower part of the potato plant can be improved to avoid poor ventilation of the dandelion plant; when the sun height is low, Yangguan can enter the main stem of the potato below 15-20cm , to ensure that the dandelion plants receive enough light;

6. The present invention can punch holes in the mulch film as the lead-out holes for the dandelion seedlings, and at the same time, it can also play the role of adjusting the humidity in the drainage ditch and then adjusting the humidity of the soil on both sides of the drainage ditch;

7. The present invention can prevent and control pests such as grubs, mole crickets and cutworms by mixing pesticides in the livestock manure; the release of the pesticides is a slow process, and with the extension of time, the water in the drainage ditch is diffused, and the livestock manure is mixed. The pesticide gradually diffuses into the straw or soil, and the effect is more lasting;

8. The mulch film used in the present invention is a biodegradable CPP film, which is covered in the autumn of the first year, and completely degraded after 12 months;

9. The method of the present invention can increase the potato yield by 5-10% on the basis of the prior art, and the quality of the rotten potatoes in the harvested potatoes per ton is only 1-4 kilograms, and the green potatoes are only 2-4 kilograms. The cultivated dandelion can harvest dandelion stems and leaves 4 to 6 times a year, which is enough to harvest dandelion roots once. The yield per mu of dandelion stems and leaves reaches 1800 to 2000 kg, and the yield per mu of dandelion roots reaches 600 to 800 kg; at the same time, straw can be consumed per hectare. 600 to 800 cubic meters.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the planting method of embodiment one potato intercropping dandelion, among the figure a is a drainage ditch, b is livestock manure, c is the former crop straw, d is the soil dug out in the drainage ditch, and e is the ridge center position , f is the mechanical walking channel;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ridge direction of the first embodiment, in which a is the angle between the ridge and the south direction.

Detailed ways:

The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also include any reasonable combination between the specific embodiments.

Specific embodiment one: the planting method of potato intercropping dandelion of the present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:

1. Land preparation

After the previous crop is harvested, the straw of the previous crop is collected, and then deep ploughing is carried out, and the depth of the deep ploughing is 17-19 cm, and then ridges, raking and suppression are carried out; wherein the ridge spacing is 55-59 cm, the height of the ridge is 25-29 cm, and the ridge is 25-29 cm high. The direction is 15-30° from south to east;

2. Digging the Drainage Ditch

Dig a drainage ditch between the two ridges, and between the ridges on both sides of the drainage ditch and the adjacent ridges is a mechanical walking channel; the depth of the drainage ditch is 30-35 cm; the width is 20 cm; the soil dug out of the drainage ditch is Transfer to the side of the upper surface of the ridge away from the drainage ditch;

3. Drain filling, dandelion sowing and mulching

Take the two ridges as a planting unit, stack the collected straws at the bottom of the drainage ditch, with a thickness of 5-6cm, stack 2-3 layers, and stack a layer of livestock manure between the straws of each layer of the previous crops, and each layer of livestock The thickness of the manure is 2-4cm; then the soil dug out in the drainage ditch is laid on the upper layer of the previous crop straw, the thickness of the soil is 2-3cm, and then 5-6 layers of the previous crop straw are stacked on the upper layer of the soil. , the thickness is 5-6cm, and a layer of soil dug in the drainage ditch is stacked between each layer of the previous crop straw, and the soil stacking thickness is 2-3cm. , the thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, sow dandelion seeds on the soil covered with the uppermost straw, 1.1 ~ 1.5kg per mu, and then cover the soil with 1 cm; cover the upper surface of the drainage ditch with plastic film, and the two sides of the plastic film extend to the distance 5cm from the center of the ridge, and cover the remaining soil excavated in the drainage ditch to the edges of both sides of the mulch film; punch holes in the mulch film; the aperture is 0.5-1cm, and the hole spacing is 8-10cm;

4. After the dandelion seedlings emerge, the dandelion seedlings are drawn out from the holes on the plastic film, and the soil is covered around the roots of the dandelion seedlings after being drawn out;

5. Potato planting

Before potato planting, seed potato germination is carried out to prepare bud blocks, and then planting; the planting time is the end of April of the second year, the sowing depth is 10-12 cm, the planting spacing is 15-20 cm, and the planting row position is offset from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch 5cm; soil thickness after planting is 3.5-5 cm; base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are applied together when sowing, and topdressing is applied at potato seedling stage, budding stage, tuber expansion stage and cultivating soil;

6. Field Management

Carry out pruning after the potato emerges. When pruning, keep the main stem with thick stalk and dark green leaves, and remove other stems from the base. At the end of the potato growing period, remove the branches and branch leaves below 15-20 cm on the main stem of the potato;

7. Potato Harvest

After the stems and leaves of the potato are withered, the seedlings are killed, and the ridge is broken by machinery. The position of the broken ridge is directly below the position of the potato planting row, and the depth of the broken ridge is the same as the depth of the ditch drainage;

8. Staged Harvest of Dandelion

In the autumn of the first year, from the end of October to the middle of November, harvest dandelions with a leaf length of 10-15cm. When harvesting, use a blade to cut off the plants above the ground and keep the roots;

Or before the potato planting in step 4, harvest dandelion with a leaf length of 10-15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground when harvesting, and keep the roots;

Or in the process of potato growth, harvest dandelions with a leaf length of 10 to 15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground and retain the roots during harvesting;

Or after the potatoes are harvested, harvest the dandelion roots.

The principle and beneficial effects of this embodiment are:

1. During soil preparation in this embodiment, ridges are raked at the same time. After raking, repression can solve the problem of soil moisture running easily during thawing in early spring. After repression, the soil can be leveled, the large pores on the surface can be reduced, and the effect of retaining moisture can be achieved. The film can enhance the moisture retention effect;

2. In the present embodiment, the ridge spacing is 55-59 cm, which is smaller than the existing ridge spacing for potato planting, and can improve the yield per unit area;

3. This embodiment reduces the ridge distance and at the same time shifts the position of the potato planting row from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch by 5 cm, so the growth position of the potato tubers is biased towards the drainage ditch, and the straw filled in the drainage ditch is more conducive to the growth of potato plants after decomposing. Provide humus nutrients; because the filling in the drainage ditch is relatively loose, the lateral pressure of the filling on the soil in the ridges on both sides of the drainage ditch is small, which is beneficial to avoid the obstruction of potato tuber expansion and the occurrence of deformity of potato pieces, which can increase yield; In the prior art, the rolling of the ridges caused by mechanical walking makes the soil hard and affects the growth of potato tubers; in this embodiment, the position of the potato planting row is shifted from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch by 5 cm, so that the potato tubers are The growing area is far away from the rolling area of mechanical walking, which further prevents the expansion of potato tubers and the occurrence of deformity of potato tubers;

4. In this embodiment, a drainage ditch is set, and the height of the filler filled in the drainage ditch will be higher than that of the ridge table. With the degradation of straw and the compression of the soil, the height of the filler in the drainage ditch filling will be lower than that of the ridge table and the drainage ditch. It has the functions of preparing machine fertilizer, draining water, ventilating, and adjusting soil humidity; in this embodiment, a drainage ditch is made after the previous crop is harvested, and the previous crop straw and livestock manure filled in the drainage ditch constitute a compost structure, and after the In the autumn of one year, the first winter of the first year and the Spring Festival of the second year, the previous crop straw and livestock manure become organic fertilizers with humus components, which are rich in nutrients, increase the organic matter components of the soil, and make the soil loose. Promote soil ventilation, improve water retention capacity, and at the same time absorb ammonium, potassium, sodium and other elements, so that soil fertilizer is not lost; the depth of the drainage ditch is 30-35cm, and the tubers of potatoes are generally distributed in the ground 8-20cm, drainage The position of the ditch is lower than the potato tuber growing area. When encountering heavy rainfall, the drainage ditch can collect the rainwater and drain it out of the farming area, avoiding the potato tuber rot and greatly reducing the yield; at the same time, the filling in the drainage ditch also has the ability to absorb water. ability to regulate soil moisture;

5. Generally, the solar radiation is the strongest around 12 every day, and the time between 12:00 and 13:00 is the time when the temperature rises the fastest and the temperature is the highest. The north-south ridge can improve crop ventilation, but this embodiment is between two ridges of potatoes. The dandelion is planted and covered with plastic film. If the sun shines on the plastic film when the solar radiation is the strongest, the plastic film will produce reflected light, which will cause baking damage to the growing dandelion branches and leaves; excessive sunlight exposure to the plastic film will also cause drainage under the plastic film. The temperature in the ditch is too high, and the water is lost by excessive evaporation; at the same time, the ridge direction is 15-30° south-east, which can ensure that the potato plants with a main stem of 15-20cm or more can be used between 12:00 and 13:00 to lower dandelion plants. The above-mentioned problems can be avoided by shielding the plant and the plastic film; meanwhile, in this embodiment, pruning is performed after the potato emerges, and during pruning, the main stem with a thick stalk and a dark green leaf color is retained, and other stems are removed from the base, and the potato sprouting period ends. At times, the branches and branch leaves below 15-20cm on the main potato stem are removed. After pruning, the ventilation of the lower part of the potato plant can be improved, and the poor ventilation of the dandelion plant can be avoided; when the sun height is low, the Yangguan can enter the main potato stem for 15 minutes. ~20cm or less, to ensure that the dandelion plants receive enough light;

6. In this embodiment, punching holes in the mulch film can be used as lead-out holes for dandelion seedlings, and at the same time, it can also play the role of adjusting the humidity in the drainage ditch and then adjusting the humidity of the soil on both sides of the drainage ditch;

7. In this embodiment, mixing pesticides in livestock manure can prevent and control pests such as grubs, mole crickets and cutworms; the release of pesticides is a slow process. Some pesticides gradually diffuse into the straw or soil, and the effect is more lasting;

8. The mulch film used in this embodiment is a biodegradable CPP film, which is covered in the autumn of the first year, and completely degraded after 12 months;

9. The method of this embodiment can increase the potato yield by 5-10% on the basis of the prior art, and the quality of the rotten potatoes in the harvested potatoes per ton is only 1-4 kilograms, and the green potatoes are only 2-4 kilograms. The dandelion intercropped in this way can harvest dandelion stems and leaves 4 to 6 times a year, which is enough to harvest dandelion roots once. Consumption of straw 600 to 800 cubic meters. Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the previous crop in step 1 is millet, wheat, corn, sorghum or soybean. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the plastic film biodegradable CPP film described in step 3 is. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first or second embodiment.

Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 3 is that: the livestock manure described in step 3 is mixed with pesticides; Phosphorus particles. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments one to three.

Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 4 is that the previous crop straws in step 3 include complete previous crop straws and branches and leaves of the previous crop. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments one to four.

Embodiment 6: This embodiment is different from one of Embodiments 1 to 5: the base fertilizer described in step 5 is organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 200 kilograms per mu; the amount of farmyard fertilizer applied is 2 tons per acre The seed fertilizer is a special fertilizer for potato, diamine and potassium sulfate, the application amount of diamine is 25 kg per mu, the application amount of potassium sulfate is 10 kg per mu, and the application amount of the special fertilizer for potato is 15-20 kg. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments one to five.

Embodiment 7: This embodiment differs from one of Embodiments 1 to 6 in that: the process for germination of seed potatoes to prepare sprouting blocks described in step 5 is as follows: germination is carried out 20 to 30 days before sowing; In the greenhouse and avoid direct sunlight, the temperature is kept at 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, the seed potatoes are stacked in 2 to 3 layers, and the seed potatoes are turned every 3 to 5 days. When it turns from white to green or purple, cut the seed potatoes into sprouts, and use the cutter to sterilize them with 75% alcohol. The seed potatoes are virus-free seed potatoes. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of Embodiments 1 to 6.

Adopt the following examples to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

Example 1:

The present embodiment selects a farmland with an area of one hectare in a town of Shulan City, Jilin Province as an experimental field, and the previous stubble of this experimental field is used as corn; the planting method of the present embodiment potato intercropping dandelion is carried out according to the following steps:

1. Land preparation

After the previous crop was harvested, the straw of the previous crop was collected, and then deep ploughing was carried out, and the depth of deep ploughing was 17cm, and ridges, raking and suppression were carried out; the ridge spacing was 55cm, the height of the ridge and platform was 25cm, and the ridge direction was 15° from south to east. ;

2. Digging the Drainage Ditch

Take two ridges as a planting unit, dig a drainage ditch between the two ridges, and between the ridges on both sides of the drainage ditch and the adjacent ridges is a mechanical walking channel; the depth of the drainage ditch is 35cm; the width is 20cm; The soil excavated in the drainage ditch is transferred to the upper surface of the ridge on both sides away from the drainage ditch;

3. Drain filling, dandelion sowing and mulching

The collected former crop straws are stacked at the bottom of the drainage ditch, with a thickness of 5cm, stacked in 3 layers, and a layer of livestock manure is stacked between each layer of previous crop straws, and the thickness of each layer of livestock manure is 2cm; The soil dug out in the upper tiling drainage ditch, the thickness of the tiling soil is 3 cm, and then continue to stack 5 layers of the previous crop straw on the upper layer of the soil, with a thickness of 5 cm, and stack a layer of the previous crop straw between each layer in the drainage ditch. The excavated soil, the soil stacking thickness is 3cm, and finally the soil dug out in the drainage ditch is tiled on the upper surface of the top layer of straw, the thickness is 3cm, dandelion seeds are spread on the soil covered with the top layer of straw, and the amount of seeds per mu is 1.5 kg, and then covered with soil 1 cm; cover the upper surface of the drainage ditch with plastic film, the two sides of the plastic film extend to 5 cm from the center of the ridge, and cover the remaining soil dug out of the drain to the edges of the two sides of the plastic film; on the plastic film Punch holes; the hole diameter is 0.5cm, and the hole spacing is 8cm;

The mulch biodegradable CPP film described in step 3;

The livestock manure described in step 3 is mixed with pesticide; the consumption of the pesticide is to add 2kg phoxim particles per 50 cubic meters of livestock manure;

The said previous crop straw in step 3 includes the complete previous crop straw and the previous crop branches and leaves;

4. After the dandelion seedlings emerge, the dandelion seedlings are drawn out from the holes on the plastic film, and the soil is covered around the roots of the dandelion seedlings after being drawn out;

5. Potato planting

Before potato planting, seed potato germination is carried out to prepare bud blocks, and then planting; the planting time is the end of April of the second year, the sowing depth is 12cm, the planting spacing is 15cm, and the planting row position is 5cm from the center of the ridge to the side of the drainage ditch; planting; The thickness of the post-cultivation soil is 3.5 cm; the base fertilizer and the seed fertilizer are applied together when sowing, and the top-dressing fertilizer is applied during the potato seedling stage, budding stage, tuber expansion stage and cultivating soil;

The base fertilizer described in step 5 is organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the applied amount of organic fertilizer is 200 kilograms per mu; the applied amount of farmyard manure is 2 tons per mu; the seed fertilizer is special fertilizer for potato, diamine and potassium sulfate, and diamine is applied The amount of fertilizer is 25 kg per mu, the application amount of potassium sulfate is 10 kg per mu, and the application amount of potato special fertilizer is 15 kg;

The process of preparing the sprout block by the seed potato germination described in step 5 is as follows: germination is carried out 20 days before sowing; the seed potato is spread out in a lighthouse and protected from direct sunlight, the temperature is kept at 15°C, the seed potato is stacked in 3 layers, and each Turn the seed potato pile every 3 days. When the sprouts on the seed potatoes are 0.3cm long and the buds turn from white to green or purple, cut the seed potatoes into sprout blocks, and the cutters used are sterilized with 75% alcohol. The block weight is 25g, and each sprout block has 1 to 3 sprouts; the seed potatoes are virus-free seed potatoes;

6. Field Management

Carry out pruning after the potato emerges. During pruning, keep the main stem with thick stalk and dark green leaves, and remove other stems from the base. At the end of the potato growing period, remove the branches and branch leaves below 15 cm on the main potato stem;

7. Potato Harvest

After the stems and leaves of the potato are withered, the seedlings are killed, and the ridge is broken by machinery. The position of the broken ridge is directly below the position of the potato planting row, and the depth of the broken ridge is the same as the depth of the ditch drainage;

8. Staged Harvest of Dandelion

Or before the potato planting in step 4, harvest dandelion with a leaf length of 10-15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground when harvesting, and keep the roots;

Or in the process of potato growth, harvest dandelions with a leaf length of 10 to 15 cm, and use a blade to cut the plants above the ground and retain the roots during harvesting;

Or after the potatoes are harvested, harvest the dandelion roots.

Comparative experiment: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no drainage ditch between the two ridges, the position of the potato planting row is the center of the ridge, the ridge direction is due south, and the potatoes are not pruned after emergence. Other steps and parameters are the same as Embodiment 1 is the same;

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the planting method of embodiment one potato intercropping dandelion, among the figure a is a drainage ditch, b is livestock manure, c is the former crop straw, d is the soil dug out in the drainage ditch, and e is the ridge center position , f is the mechanical walking channel, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ridge direction of the first embodiment.

Statistics after the harvest in the second year, the high potato yield of embodiment one has improved by 10% compared with the comparative example, the quality of rotten potatoes in the potatoes harvested in every ton of embodiment one is only 4 kilograms, and the green potato is only 4 kilograms, The quality of the rotten potato in the potato harvested per ton of the comparative example is only 70 kilograms, and the green potato is only 90 kilograms. One consumes about 800 cubic meters of straw.

Wherein, except for the scheme described in this application, it is not described in the present invention that potato and dandelion can weeding, cultivating management, irrigation, pest control and other field management according to the prior art.

Claims (6)

1. A planting method for intercropping potatoes with dandelion is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method of intercropping the potatoes with the dandelion specifically comprises the following steps:

soil preparation

Collecting straws of the previous crops after the previous crops are harvested, then deeply ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 17-19 cm, and then ridging, harrowing and pressing; wherein the ridge distance is 55-59 cm, the ridge height is 25-29 cm, and the ridge direction is 15-30 degrees in the south east;

digging drainage ditch

Taking two ridges as a planting unit, digging a drainage ditch between the two ridges, and forming a mechanical walking channel between the ridge on the two sides of the drainage ditch and the adjacent ridge; the depth of the drainage ditch is 30-35 cm; the width is 20 cm; transferring the soil dug in the drainage ditch to the upper surface of the ridge at two sides, which is far away from the drainage ditch;

filling drainage ditch, sowing dandelion and coating

Stacking the collected previous crop straws at the bottom of the drainage ditch, wherein the thickness of the collected previous crop straws is 5-6 cm, stacking 2-3 layers, stacking one layer of livestock manure between every two layers of previous crop straws, and the thickness of each layer of livestock manure is 2-4 cm; then soil dug in the drainage ditch is paved on the upper-layer previous crop straws, the thickness of the paved soil is 2-3 cm, then 5-6 layers of previous crop straws are continuously stacked on the upper layer of the soil, the thickness is 5-6 cm, the soil dug in the drainage ditch is stacked between every two layers of previous crop straws, the stacking thickness of the soil is 2-3 cm, finally the soil dug in the drainage ditch is paved on the upper surface of the uppermost-layer straw, the thickness is 2-3 cm, dandelion seeds are sown on the soil fully paved on the uppermost-layer straw, seeds for each mu are 1.1-1.5 kg, and then soil is covered for 1 cm; covering a mulching film on the upper surface of the drainage ditch, wherein two side edges of the mulching film extend to a position 5cm away from the center of the ridge, and covering the residual soil dug in the drainage ditch to the edges of the two side edges of the mulching film; punching holes on the mulching film; the aperture is 0.5-1 cm, and the hole spacing is 8-10 cm;

the front crop straws comprise complete front crop straws and front crop branches and leaves;

fourthly, after the dandelion seedlings emerge, leading out the dandelion seedlings from the holes on the mulching film, and covering soil around the dandelion seedling roots after leading out;

planting of potatoes

Accelerating germination of seed potatoes to prepare bud blocks before planting the potatoes, and then planting; the planting time is four months at the end of the next year, the seeding depth is 10-12 cm, the seeding plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and the planting row position is a position which is 5cm away from the center of the ridge to one side of the drainage ditch; the thickness of the cultivated hilling is 3.5-5 cm; the base fertilizer and the seed fertilizer are applied together during sowing, and the additional fertilizer is applied during the seedling stage, the bud stage, the tuber expansion stage and the intertillage ridging of the potatoes;

sixthly, field management

Pruning after seedling emergence of the potatoes, reserving a main stem with thick and strong stems and dark green leaves during pruning, removing other stems from the base, and removing branches and branched leaves of less than 15-20 cm on the main stem of the potatoes when the growth period of the potatoes is finished;

seventhly, harvesting the potatoes

Killing seedlings after stem leaves of the potatoes wither, and mechanically breaking ridges, wherein the ridge breaking position is right below the potato planting row position, and the ridge breaking depth is the same as the ditch drainage depth;

eight, staged harvest of dandelion

Harvesting dandelion with the leaf length of 10-15 cm from the end of the tenth month to the middle ten days of the eleventh month in the first autumn, cutting the plants above the ground by using a blade during harvesting, and keeping the root;

or before the potatoes are planted in the fourth step, harvesting the dandelion with the leaf length of 10-15 cm, cutting the plants above the ground by using a blade during harvesting, and keeping the roots;

or harvesting the dandelion with the leaf length of 10-15 cm in the potato growth process, cutting the plants above the ground by using a blade during harvesting, and keeping the roots;

or after potato harvesting, the dandelion roots are harvested.

2. The method for planting intercropped potatoes as recited in claim 1, wherein: the first step is that the previous crop is millet, wheat, corn, sorghum or soybean.

3. The method for planting intercropped potatoes as recited in claim 1, wherein: and step three, the mulching film is a biodegradable CPP film.

4. The method for planting intercropped potatoes as recited in claim 1, wherein: thirdly, pesticide is mixed in the livestock manure; the dosage of the pesticide is 1.5-2 kg of phoxim granules added into every 50 cubic cubes of livestock manure.

5. The method for planting intercropped potatoes as recited in claim 1, wherein: fifthly, the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kilograms per mu; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 2 tons per mu; the seed fertilizer comprises a special fertilizer for potatoes, diamine and potassium sulfate, wherein the application amount of the diamine is 25 kilograms per mu, the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 10 kilograms per mu, and the application amount of the special fertilizer for potatoes is 15-20 kilograms.

6. The method for planting intercropped potatoes as recited in claim 1, wherein: the process for preparing the bud blocks by accelerating germination of the seed potatoes comprises the following steps: accelerating germination is carried out 20-30 days before sowing; spreading the seed potatoes in a light greenhouse to avoid direct irradiation of sunlight, keeping the temperature at 15-18 ℃, stacking the seed potatoes for 2-3 layers, turning the seed potato stack once every 3-5 days, cutting the seed potatoes into bud blocks when the bud length on the seed potatoes is 0.3-0.4 cm and the bud bodies are changed from white to green or purple, disinfecting the used cutters with 75% of alcohol, wherein the weight of each bud block is 25-35 g, and 1-3 bud bodies are left in each bud block; the seed potatoes are virus-free seed potatoes.

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