CN103125221A - Plastic membrane mulching culture method suitable for crops planted in cold highland area - Google Patents
Plastic membrane mulching culture method suitable for crops planted in cold highland area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125221A CN103125221A CN2011103761566A CN201110376156A CN103125221A CN 103125221 A CN103125221 A CN 103125221A CN 2011103761566 A CN2011103761566 A CN 2011103761566A CN 201110376156 A CN201110376156 A CN 201110376156A CN 103125221 A CN103125221 A CN 103125221A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plastic membrane mulching culture method suitable for crops planted in a cold highland area. The method includes crop rotation and soil preparation, reasonable furrow application of fertilizer, W-shaped plastic membrane mulching, good seed selection and seed processing, sowing at a proper period, a sowing method and field management. According to the method, the W-shaped plastic membrane mulching technique is taken as a core; plastic membrane mulching is 8-12 days earlier than sowing; in sowing, the temperature of a position 5cm under a plastic membrane is averagely improved by 1.7-2 DGE C than that in the prior art that sowing is carried out first and then plastic membrane mulching is carried out, the moisture content of a position 0-10cm under the plastic membrane is improved by 6.1%-8.8%, and the functions of warming and soil moisture conservation are achieved. The W-shaped plastic membrane is covered on sowing cavities occurring in the plane of the plastic membrane, as long as rain falls after the plastic membrane mulching, rainfall of 1-2 square feet can be accumulated in each sowing cavity, ineffective rainfall becomes effective rainfall, water accumulation and moisture addition functions are achieved, other culture measures are matched with the method, production and income increasing effects are obvious, and as is shown in experiments of several years, the yield is improved by 11.3%-21.4% than that in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture technical field, be specifically related to cultivating method mulched crops such as high and cold mountain area maize planting, potato and millets.
Background technology
Plastic film mulching cultivation is by covered with plastic film on the soil of kind of plant, improve soil temperature, keep soil moisture and nutrient, create the purpose that the ecological environment of soil that is fit to plant growth reaches increases crop yield, it is one of key technology of twentieth century higher yield of crops cultivation, is widely used in the agricultural production of China's wide geographic area.At China's north latitude 37
0Above, the high and cold mountain area of height above sea level more than 1000 meters due to the popularization of plastic mulching cultivation technology, made originally and can not settle down in the locality by the ripe good corn variety of high-yield character, and the output of the crops such as potato, millet has been improved more than 20% on year-on-year basis.But for many years, the prior art of plastic film mulching cultivation is all first to sow, then plastic mulching, and the field planting that lifts seedlings again at last, its amount of increase in production is stabilized in certain level.If carry out technological improvement at existing film-mulching technique, the function by further raising soil temperature raising, soil moisture conservation increases the effect of retaining on this basis again, can further improve significantly the output of high and cold mountain area kind plant.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the cultivating method mulched of a kind of suitable high and cold mountain area kind plant, the effect of increasing income of this technology is very remarkable.
A kind of suitable high and cold mountain area kind plant of the present invention cultivating method mulched comprises the following steps:
(1) crop rotation and whole ground: at north latitude 37
0Above, the high and cold mountain area of height above sea level more than 1000 meters, the crop that carries out plastic film mulching cultivation mainly contains corn and potato millet, these several crops must crop rotation, plantation crop of the same race bye 2 years at least on the same soil, select soil layer is deep, fertility is better-than-average loam or sandy loam, accomplish deep ploughing, thin plough, thin rake, reach soil broken without clod, clean no-sundries;
(2) reasonable ditch fertilise: according to kind of a plant Formula fertilization by soil testing, determine the needed base manure of Different Crop, quick-acting fertilizer and depot fertilizer, disposablely apply in seed furrow during in conjunction with plastic mulching;
(3) W shape plastic mulching: adopt mulching specially used overlay device, 8-12 days covering with plastic film prior to seeding, soil is ditched by the mode of ploughing, vertical farming two ploughs of each width mulch film, fertilizer applies in ditch in trench digging, and after trench digging is completed, the soil cross section becomes " W " shape, the dark 5-10cm of furrow, the horizontal range 30-35cm of two furrows is tight compact the mulch film limit in ridge, both sides side after overlay film with soil pressure, after overlay film finishes, mulch film is plane;
(4) select breeding and seed treatment: the improved seeds of selecting suitable local plantation, corn and millet were processed with desinsection and bactericide prior to seeding in 3-5 days, potato was spread out in the indoor vernalization of 10-15 ℃ prior to seeding in 20-25 days, stacked at the most three layers, stirred once in 5-7 days, when the most of eye of potato seed sprouts, and during the long 0.8-1cm of bud, reject sick, rotten and freeze potato, going under sunlight and bask seeds, when bud mutation is purple, stay 2-3 eye stripping and slicing or little whole potato to wait to broadcast by every;
(5) proper seeding and seeding method: according to Different Crop at proper seeding on 1-May 5 April, seeding method adopts the Special punching instrument, penetrating mulch film is seeded in furrow, sowing depth is 3-12cm, when punching seeder is mentioned, the soil that takes up buries the ground fenestra, and at this moment, mulch film is recess at place, sowing cave because of soil weight;
(6) carry out field management: the intermembranous cultivation uproot of final singling in good time and ground, in time carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The present invention is with W shape plastic mulching cultivation technology, from sowing, the plastic film mulch of existing plastic mulching sowing program, to put seedling different, outstanding characteristics are first ridgings, rear overlay film, then punching sowing, overlay film is sowed and has been shifted to an earlier date 8-12 days, played the effect that heats, preserves soil moisture, test through for many years shows, the overlay film that shifts to an earlier date 8-12 days, under film during to sowing, the first after planting overlay film prior art of the temperature of 5cm has on average improved 1.7-2.0 ℃, and under film, the water content of 0-10cm has improved 6.1-8.8 percentage point.Accomplished fluently good basis for sprouting of seed, emerged and can do sth. in advance 5-8 days than contrast, emergence rate has improved 4%-5%, has guaranteed that the seedling full stand is prosperous, the basis of laying for increasing both production and income.
The present invention is in furrow punching sowing, punching seeder is mentioned the soil that takes up the ground fenestra is buried, therefore mulch film is recess at place, sowing cave because of soil weight, and the effect that long-pending stream increases moisture in the soil has been played in the sowing cave that occurs on the ground membrane plane just, after overlay film, as long as rainfall is arranged, each sows the precipitation that stream 1-2 square chi can be amassed in the cave, and nullified rainfall becomes effective precipitation, limited spring rain is effectively amassed the root that flows to seedling, and its effect of increasing income is very remarkable.Test through for many years shows, the existing film coating technique amount of increase in production of the present invention is at 11.3%-21.4%.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of suitable high and cold mountain area maize planting cultivating method mulched comprises the following steps:
(1) crop rotation and whole ground: select not plant in two years corn, soil layer is deep, fertility is better-than-average loam or the plot of sandy loam, carefully plough in deep ploughing in winter, spring, rake carefully, reach soil broken without clod, clean no-sundries;
(2) reasonable ditch fertilise: the testing soil fertility, carry out rational application of fertilizers according to expected volume, determine the quantity of needed base manure, depot fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, disposablely apply in seed furrow during in conjunction with plastic mulching;
(3) W shape plastic mulching: adopt plastic mulching equipment, ditch in 5-10 day in April, covering with plastic film, fertilizer applies in ditch in trench digging, after trench digging is completed, the soil cross section becomes " W " shape, the dark 8-10cm of furrow, the horizontal range of two furrows is 35 cm approximately, in ridge, both sides side, the mulch film limit are tight compact with soil pressure after overlay film, cover finish after mulch film be plane;
(4) select breeding and seed treatment: select 3138 kinds of suitable local plantation, processed with desinsection and bactericide in 3-5 days prior to seeding;
(5) proper seeding and seeding method: sow in 15-20 day in April, Special punching instrument during sowing penetrates mulch film and is seeded in furrow, seed level 3-5cm, every mu of thickness of sowing 3400-3500 cave, when punching seeder was mentioned, the soil that takes up buried the ground fenestra;
(6) carry out field management: final singling in good time, seedling one strain is stayed in every cave, and the intermembranous cultivation uproot in carrying out ground of final singling in time carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Cultivation method according to this, during sowing, under film, the temperature of 5 cm is 10.3 ℃, and Naked ground is 8.5 ℃, has improved 1.8 ℃, and under film, the water content of 0-10cm is that 16.9%, Naked ground is 10.8%, has improved 6.1 percentage points.Emerge and done sth. in advance 7 days than common covering with plastic film method, emergence rate has improved 4%.This test sunset in year from April 11 to Mays 28 is effective precipitation once, the rainfall of only having April 28 and falling 7mm, measured the same day, under the inventive method film, the water content of 0-10cm is 18.9%, root infiltration degree of depth 53mm, and common covering with plastic film method water content is 10.1%, infiltration degree of depth 32mm, water content of the present invention contrasts many 8.8 percentage points, and the root infiltration degree of depth has increased 21mm, has improved 65.6%.Heat, preserve soil moisture, amass the comprehensive function of flowing, increasing moisture in the soil and other cultivation step, for the volume increase of corn is had laid a good foundation by these.At 8 mu of corn fields of test, average yield per mu reaches 612 kilograms, and than contrast volume increase 11.3%, average mu increases income 124 yuan.
Embodiment 2
A kind of suitable high and cold mountain area is planted the cultivating method mulched of potato, comprises the following steps:
(1) crop rotation and whole ground: select not plant in two years the plot of potato, soil layer is deep, fertility is better-than-average sandy loam, deep ploughing in spring, thin plough, thin rake reach soil broken without clod, clean no-sundries;
(2) reasonable ditch fertilise: the testing soil fertility, carry out rational application of fertilizers according to expected volume, determine the quantity of needed base manure, depot fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, disposablely apply in seed furrow during in conjunction with plastic mulching;
(3) W shape plastic mulching: adopt plastic mulching equipment, at 20-April 5 March trench digging, covering with plastic film, fertilizer applies in ditch in trench digging, after trench digging is completed, the soil cross section becomes " W " shape, the dark 8-10cm of furrow, the horizontal range of two furrows is 35cm approximately, in ridge, both sides side, the mulch film limit is tight compact with soil pressure after overlay film, cover finish after mulch film be plane;
(4) select breeding and seed treatment: No. 15 kinds of Holland of selecting suitable local plantation, be spread out in prior to seeding the indoor vernalization of 10-15 degree Celsius in 20-25 days, stack at the most three layers, stirred once in 5-7 days, when the most of eye of potato seed sprouts, and during the long 1cm of bud left and right, reject sick, rotten and freeze potato, go under sunlight and bask seeds, when bud mutation is purple, stay 2-3 eye stripping and slicing or little whole potato to wait to broadcast by every, 400 times of liquid of Jia Ruinong pulvis with 47% during stripping and slicing embathe the cutter sterilization, the stripping and slicing potato seed was soaked seed 30-40 minute with 500 times of liquid of Jia Ruinong pulvis of 5000 times of liquid of new phytomycin or 47%, then every mu of 1 kilogram of phoxim pulvis is mixed 50 kilograms of fine earths and mix pesticide-clay mixture, to wet potato seed and pesticide-clay mixture stirs, it is bonded in potato seed,
(5) proper seeding and seeding method: in sowing in-13 days on the 1st April, seeding method adopts drilling tool, penetrates mulch film and is seeded in furrow, seed level 10-12cm, sow the 3000-3100 cave for every mu, when punching seeder was mentioned, the soil that takes up buried the ground fenestra;
(6) carry out field management: final singling in good time, seedling one strain is stayed in every cave, and the intermembranous cultivation uproot in carrying out ground of final singling in time carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Cultivation method according to this, at 5 mu of potato fields of test, average yield per mu reaches 3122 kilograms, than contrast volume increase 21.4%.Its effect of increasing income is very remarkable.
Embodiment 3
A kind of suitable high and cold mountain area is planted the cultivating method mulched of millet, comprises the following steps:
(1) crop rotation and whole ground: select not plant in two years millet, soil layer is deep, fertility is better-than-average loam or the plot of sandy loam, accomplish deep ploughing, thin plough, thin rake, reach soil broken without clod, clean no-sundries;
(2) reasonable ditch fertilise: the testing soil fertility, carry out rational application of fertilizers according to expected volume, determine the quantity of needed base manure, depot fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, disposablely apply in seed furrow during in conjunction with plastic mulching;
(3) W shape plastic mulching: adopt mulching specially used overlay device, at April 15-25 trench digging, covering with plastic film, fertilizer applies in ditch in trench digging, after trench digging is completed, the soil cross section becomes " W " shape, the dark 5-6cm of furrow, the horizontal range of two furrows is 35 cm approximately, in ridge, both sides side, the mulch film limit are tight compact with soil pressure after overlay film, cover finish after mulch film be plane;
(4) select breeding and seed treatment: select No. 21 kinds of Shanxi paddy of suitable local plantation, processed with desinsection and bactericide in 3-5 days prior to seeding;
(5) proper seeding and seeding method: sow in 25-May 5 April, seeding method adopts drilling tool, penetrating mulch film is seeded in furrow, seed level 3-4cm, sow 10000 left and right, caves for every mu, when punching seeder was mentioned, the soil that takes up buried the ground fenestra, at this moment, mulch film is recess at place, sowing cave because of soil weight;
(6) carry out field management: the two strains of seedling are stayed in final singling in good time, every cave, and the intermembranous cultivation uproot in carrying out ground of final singling in time carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Cultivation method according to this, in 6 mu of millet fields of test, average yield per mu reaches 345 kilograms, and than contrast volume increase 16.9%, average mu increases income 80 yuan.
Claims (1)
1. a suitable high and cold mountain area kind plant is cultivating method mulched, comprises the following steps:
(1) crop rotation and whole ground: select soil layer is deep, fertility is better-than-average loam or sandy loam, plantation crop of the same race bye 2 years at least, accomplish deep ploughing, thin plough, thin rake on the same soil, reaches soil broken without clod, clean no-sundries;
(2) reasonable ditch fertilise: according to kind of a plant Formula fertilization by soil testing, determine the needed base manure of Different Crop, quick-acting fertilizer and depot fertilizer, disposablely apply in seed furrow during in conjunction with plastic mulching;
(3) W shape plastic mulching: adopt plastic mulching equipment, 8-12 days covering with plastic film prior to seeding, soil is ditched by the mode of ploughing, vertical farming two ploughs of each width mulch film, fertilizer applies in ditch in trench digging, and after trench digging is completed, the soil cross section becomes " W " shape, the dark 5-10cm of furrow, the horizontal range 30-35cm of two furrows is tight compact the mulch film limit in ridge, both sides side after overlay film with soil pressure, after overlay film finishes, mulch film is plane;
(4) select breeding and seed treatment: select the improved seeds of suitable local plantation, corn and millet were processed with desinsection and bactericide prior to seeding in 3-5 days; Potato was spread out in the indoor vernalization of 10-15 ℃ prior to seeding in 20-25 days, stack at the most three layers, stirred once in 5-7 days, when the most of eye of potato seed sprouts, and during the long 0.8-1cm of bud, reject sick, rotten and freeze potato, going under sunlight and bask seeds, when bud mutation is purple, stay 2-3 eye stripping and slicing or little whole potato to wait to broadcast by every;
(5) proper seeding and seeding method: according to Different Crop at proper seeding on 1-May 5 April, seeding method is to adopt drilling tool, penetrating mulch film is seeded in furrow, sowing depth is 3-12cm, when punching seeder is mentioned, the soil that takes up buries the ground fenestra, and at this moment, mulch film is recess at place, sowing cave because of soil weight;
(6) field management: the intermembranous cultivation uproot of final singling in good time and ground, in time carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
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| CN2011103761566A CN103125221A (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2011-11-23 | Plastic membrane mulching culture method suitable for crops planted in cold highland area |
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| CN2011103761566A CN103125221A (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2011-11-23 | Plastic membrane mulching culture method suitable for crops planted in cold highland area |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105850460A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-17 | 南江县高塔天宫中药材种植专业合作社 | Method for planting potatoes in regions higher than altitude of 800 m in Nanjiang County in early spring |
| CN107439200A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton interplanting potato |
| CN107821018A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation for promoting the progressive degeneration meadow in Permafrost Area |
-
2011
- 2011-11-23 CN CN2011103761566A patent/CN103125221A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105850460A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-17 | 南江县高塔天宫中药材种植专业合作社 | Method for planting potatoes in regions higher than altitude of 800 m in Nanjiang County in early spring |
| CN107439200A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton interplanting potato |
| CN107821018A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation for promoting the progressive degeneration meadow in Permafrost Area |
| CN107821018B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-06-30 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for promoting progressive deteriorated grassland in permafrost region |
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Application publication date: 20130605 |