CN108260374B - Method for quickly establishing and planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in saline-alkali deteriorated meadow - Google Patents
Method for quickly establishing and planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in saline-alkali deteriorated meadow Download PDFInfo
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- CN108260374B CN108260374B CN201810049367.0A CN201810049367A CN108260374B CN 108260374 B CN108260374 B CN 108260374B CN 201810049367 A CN201810049367 A CN 201810049367A CN 108260374 B CN108260374 B CN 108260374B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in a saline-alkali deteriorated meadow, relates to a method for quickly planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in a saline-alkali deteriorated meadow, and aims to solve the problem of damage of deteriorated saline-alkali spots of the conventional tender meadow of leymus chinensis. The method for establishing the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the area of a degraded saline-alkali spot, and when the area of the saline-alkali spot is less than 100m2Stripping off saline-alkali spots on the surface layer, and backfilling the surface layer with sand and wind; when the area of the saline-alkali spot is more than 100m2Mixing the modifying agent into the soil layer, and discharging alkali for multiple times; secondly, repeating the cold water soaking-draining process to break seed dormancy, and sowing the leymus chinensis seeds into the improved land after air drying treatment; and thirdly, performing conventional field management in the seedling emergence stage of the leymus chinensis, applying a nitrogen fertilizer, and completing the planting of the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis. The method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of the leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow can quickly plant the artificial meadow on the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow, increase the vegetation coverage, reduce the saline-alkali spot area, and improve the land utilization rate and the production function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quickly planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in a saline-alkali deteriorated meadow.
Background
The western meadow of the tender plain plays an important role in maintaining the service function of an ecosystem and promoting the development of local animal husbandry as a famous natural meadow in the north of China. In recent years, due to the increasing salinization of soil in an area and unreasonable utilization of grassland resources, more than 60% of grasslands in the area are degraded in different degrees, the area of saline-alkali spots is enlarged year by year, and the ecological environment is worsened day by day. Restoring or rebuilding high quality grasslands is an urgent need to protect and improve the ecological environment of the area and promote the economic development of local animal husbandry. The leymus chinensis is top-grade high-quality pasture of a tender meadow, is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, is favorite for broad livestock, and has important ecological and economic values. The established artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis has important significance for preventing sand and controlling alkali, improving the gradually worsening ecological environment of the area, making up the shortage of the grass yield of the natural grassland and accelerating the development of the grass husbandry economy.
The leymus chinensis is a drought-tolerant, saline-alkali-tolerant perennial forage grass, usually grows best when the pH of the soil is about 8.5, but if the pH of the soil exceeds 9.0, the leymus chinensis cannot be planted in a sowing mode, only a rhizome transplanting mode can be adopted for propagation, but the cost is high, the speed is slow, and the effect is not ideal. In fact, the saline-alkali soil of the natural degraded meadow is heavy, mostly in the form of plaques, and is enlarged year by year, and the damage and treatment difficulty is high, which is a key difficulty in reconstruction and planting. Solves the problem of planting the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow leymus chinensis, and can really improve the comprehensive production capacity of the grassland. The Chinese wildrye has good quality, has huge market demand of domestic and foreign hay, has short supply in seed market, is the first choice for producing pasture in northern areas of China, and has obvious industrial advantages. The invention and the method for quickly establishing the leymus chinensis artificial grassland in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow have important practical significance for improving the productivity of the grassland and promoting the healthy development of the leymus chinensis industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of the damage of degraded saline-alkali spots of the conventional tender meadow, and provides a method for quickly establishing and planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali degraded meadow by artificially planting high-quality pasture and considering ecological management and grassland economy development.
The method for quickly establishing the artificial meadow of the leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, determining the area of a degraded saline-alkali spot, and when the area of the saline-alkali spot is less than 100m2Stripping off saline-alkali spots on the surface layer, backfilling the surface layer with sand and wind, and leveling; when the area of the saline-alkali spot is more than 100m2Preparing the land, then uniformly mixing the modifying agent into a soil layer with the surface layer of 10cm, and washing salt and removing alkali for 3-5 times by natural rainfall or manual sprinkling irrigation to obtain a modified land block;
shallow ploughing the improved land, forming ridges of 5-8 cm, putting the leymus chinensis seeds into a woven bag in advance, soaking the woven bag in cold water at 10-15 ℃ for 20-25 hours, taking out the woven bag, draining the woven bag, repeating the cold water soaking-draining process for many times to break seed dormancy, and sowing the leymus chinensis seeds into the improved land after air drying;
performing conventional field management in the seedling emergence stage of the leymus chinensis, applying 30-45 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare when the leymus chinensis seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, and manually weeding to complete the planting of the leymus chinensis artificial grassland;
wherein the modifying agent in the step one is a mixture of phosphogypsum and an organic fertilizer.
The method for quickly establishing the leymus chinensis artificial grassland in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow has the following beneficial effects:
1. the vegetation coverage is increased, the grassland degradation and salinization are restrained, the area of saline-alkali spots is rapidly reduced, and the ecological benefit is remarkable; meanwhile, inferior land is utilized to develop high-quality artificial grassland, so that the land utilization rate and the production function are improved;
2. the method has the advantages that high-quality artificial pasture is quickly established, basic substance guarantee is provided for development of local pasture and pasture, good economic benefits are achieved, and a beneficial idea is provided for efficient utilization of similar marginal lands;
3. the method has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity, convenience, practicability, low cost and good planting effect, and has important reference values for recovering saline-alkali deteriorated meadow vegetation and developing artificial grasslands in marginal lands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of the effect of the artificial meadow of the planted leymus chinensis after the saline-alkali spot meadow is modified in the embodiment, wherein the shadow represents the ratio of the leymus chinensis;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis after the saline-alkali spot meadow is improved.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of the leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, determining the area of a degraded saline-alkali spot, and when the area of the saline-alkali spot is less than 100m2Stripping off saline-alkali spots on the surface layer, backfilling the surface layer with sand and wind, and leveling; when the area of the saline-alkali spot is more than 100m2Preparing the land, then uniformly mixing the modifying agent into a soil layer with the surface layer of 10cm, and washing salt and removing alkali for 3-5 times by natural rainfall or manual sprinkling irrigation to obtain a modified land block;
shallow ploughing the improved land, forming ridges of 5-8 cm, putting the leymus chinensis seeds into a woven bag in advance, soaking the woven bag in cold water at 10-15 ℃ for 20-25 hours, taking out the woven bag, draining the woven bag, repeating the cold water soaking-draining process for many times to break seed dormancy, and sowing the leymus chinensis seeds into the improved land after air drying;
performing conventional field management in the seedling emergence stage of the leymus chinensis, applying 30-45 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare when the leymus chinensis seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, and manually weeding to complete the planting of the leymus chinensis artificial grassland;
wherein the modifying agent in the step one is a mixture of phosphogypsum and an organic fertilizer.
In the first step of the present embodiment, the distance of 1000m is measured according to the terrain2Main drainage ditch (50cm wide, 20cm deep U-shaped trench) was constructed for the unit at 200m2Branch drainage channels (U-shaped channels 25cm wide and 10cm deep) were constructed for the units. In the third step, the seedling stage of the leymus chinensis is long and can last for more than 30 days, appropriate water supplement is carried out according to the rainfall amount during the conventional field management period, excessive drought is prevented, seedling emergence is restrained, water drainage and waterlogging prevention are paid attention to, and the flooding in the seedling stage of the leymus chinensis cannot exceed 72 hours.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the first step, when the area of the saline-alkali soil is less than 100m2Stripping the saline-alkali spots on the surface layer by 10cm, backfilling the surface layer by sand and wind, and leveling. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is different from the first embodiment or the second embodiment in that the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the organic fertilizer in the modifying agent in the first step is 2-3: 1 to 2. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first to third embodiments is that in the first step, when the saline-alkali spot area is larger than 100m2And uniformly mixing the modifying agent into the soil layer with the surface layer of 10cm according to 1/10-1/5 of the soil amount (mass) of the surface layer of 10 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the salt is washed by manual spray irrigation and alkali is discharged for 5 times, and the amount of the discharged alkali water is 20mm each time. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the first to the fifth embodiments in that the cold water soaking-draining process is repeated 2 to 3 times in the second step. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is that the sowing time of the leymus chinensis seeds in the second step is 4-5 months (early spring) or 8-9 months (late autumn). Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the first embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the second step, when the leymus chinensis seeds are sown, the organic fertilizer is firstly scattered in the furrow, and the soil is covered by 1-2 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the eighth embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in that the seeds are mixed with sandy soil with the seed amount being 2 to 3 times that of the seeds and then sown. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in the eighth embodiment.
The method comprises the steps of mixing aeolian sandy soil and Chinese wildrye seeds, and scattering the mixture in the field, wherein the mass of the aeolian sandy soil is 2-3 times of that of the seeds.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is that the nitrogen fertilizer is dissolved in water and then is subjected to sprinkling irrigation in the third step. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the difference between this embodiment and the first to tenth embodiments is that nitrogen fertilizer is scattered in the field in the third step, and then water is sprayed. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the embodiment.
Example (b): in this embodiment, the method for rapidly planting the artificial grassland of leymus chinensis in the degraded saline-alkali spot land of the ecological test station of daan alkali land of the academy of Chinese sciences in 2016 is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, the vegetation coverage of the land surface before the test is less than 30%, the main plants are saline-alkali resistant pioneer grass seeds such as suaeda salsa, common tall grass and the like, the pH of the soil is more than 10.2, the soil has more salt content (2.24 dS/m calculated by the conductivity EC), the bare saline-alkali spots are more, and the test is carried out by 350m2The area is a unit, drainage ditches are established in the transverse and longitudinal directions, the soil with the surface layer of 10cm is shallow turned, and different modifying agents are uniformly mixed into the soil layer with the surface layer of 10cmIn the middle, salt washing and alkali discharge are carried out for 5 times by manual sprinkling irrigation, and an improved land parcel is obtained;
shallow ploughing the improved land, forming ridges of 7-8 cm, compacting ridge platforms, putting the leymus chinensis seeds into a woven bag in advance, soaking the woven bag in cold water at 10 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out the woven bag and controlling water for 24 hours, repeating the cold water soaking-draining process for 3 times to break seed dormancy, drying the seeds, mixing the dormancy-broken leymus chinensis seeds with aeolian sandy soil with 2 times of mass, directly scattering the seeds into furrows, and manually treading;
thirdly, after one week, allowing the leymus chinensis to continuously emerge for about 1 month, basically aligning seedlings, supplementing water according to rainfall and soil humidity conditions in the period, applying 30-45 kg of nitrogen fertilizer to each hectare when the leymus chinensis seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, and artificially weeding to complete the planting of the leymus chinensis artificial grassland.
No modifier was added as a control. The modifier is aluminum sulfate 120g/m2As test group 1, the modifying agent is phosphogypsum 4000g/m2As a test group 2, the modifying agent is phosphogypsum 2000g/m2+ sandstorm soil 2000g/m2As test group 3, phosphogypsum 3000g/m is selected as modifier2+ 1000g/m of organic fertilizer2As test group 4.
The planting effect is as follows: the vegetation density of 4 improvement methods adopted in the test is obviously improved compared with that of the vegetation without improvement treatment, the proportion of the leymus chinensis in the vegetation is slightly increased, but only 3000g/m of phosphogypsum is used2+ 1000g/m of organic fertilizer2The proportion of the leymus chinensis in the improved mode is the largest and reaches more than 85 percent (as shown in figure 1). By adopting the method to plant the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis on the saline-alkali spots, the emergence rate of the leymus chinensis is greatly improved, the vegetation coverage in one growing season reaches more than 90 percent (as shown in figure 2), and the effect of planting the artificial grassland of the leymus chinensis on the saline-alkali spots is remarkable.
Claims (7)
1. A method for quickly establishing and planting an artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in a saline-alkali deteriorated meadow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, determining the area of a degraded saline-alkali spot, and when the area of the saline-alkali spot is less than 100m2Stripping off saline-alkali spots on the surface layer, backfilling the surface layer with sand and wind, and leveling; when the area of saline-alkali soil is larger than100m2Soil preparation is carried out firstly, then the modifying agent is evenly mixed into a soil layer with the surface layer of 10cm, salt washing and alkali discharge are carried out for 5 times by natural rainfall or manual spray irrigation, and the amount of alkali discharge water is 20mm each time, so as to obtain a modified land parcel;
shallow ploughing the improved land, forming ridges of 5-8 cm, putting the leymus chinensis seeds into a woven bag in advance, soaking the woven bag in cold water at 10-15 ℃ for 20-25 hours, taking out the woven bag, draining the woven bag, repeating the cold water soaking-draining process for many times to break seed dormancy, and sowing the leymus chinensis seeds into the improved land after air drying;
performing conventional field management in the seedling emergence stage of the leymus chinensis, applying 30-45 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare when the leymus chinensis seedlings grow to 5-8 cm, and manually weeding to complete the planting of the leymus chinensis artificial grassland;
wherein the modifying agent in the step one is a mixture of phosphogypsum and an organic fertilizer; when the area of the saline-alkali spot is more than 100m2The application amount of the modifier is 3kg/m of phosphogypsum2+ 1kg/m of organic fertilizer2。
2. The method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the saline-alkali spots in the step one is less than 100m2Stripping the saline-alkali spots on the surface layer by 10cm, backfilling the surface layer by sand and wind, and leveling.
3. The method for quickly planting the leymus chinensis artificial grassland in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing time of the leymus chinensis seeds in the second step is 4-5 months or 8-9 months.
4. The method for quickly planting the leymus chinensis artificial grassland in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, when leymus chinensis seeds are sowed, organic fertilizer is firstly spread in furrows, and soil is covered for 1-2 cm.
5. The method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow as claimed in claim 4, wherein aeolian sandy soil with the seed amount of 2-3 times is used for seed dressing and broadcasting.
6. The method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of the leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow as claimed in claim 1, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is dissolved in water and then is subjected to sprinkling irrigation in the third step.
7. The method for quickly planting the artificial meadow of the leymus chinensis in the saline-alkali deteriorated meadow as claimed in claim 1, wherein nitrogen fertilizer is scattered in the field in the third step, and then water is sprayed.
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| CN110199826B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2022-01-28 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for restoring degraded grassland ecosystem by planting leymus chinensis |
| CN111727683B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-10-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland |
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