CN102699016A - Method for eliminating salt stains in new-cultivating farmland of salted desert - Google Patents
Method for eliminating salt stains in new-cultivating farmland of salted desert Download PDFInfo
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- CN102699016A CN102699016A CN2012101979443A CN201210197944A CN102699016A CN 102699016 A CN102699016 A CN 102699016A CN 2012101979443 A CN2012101979443 A CN 2012101979443A CN 201210197944 A CN201210197944 A CN 201210197944A CN 102699016 A CN102699016 A CN 102699016A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for eliminating salt stains in a new-cultivating farmland of a salted desert. The method comprises the steps of blending sand to improve the farmland, digging deep grooves, drilling shafts, filling a filter material and backfilling planting soil. The permeability of soil of a cultivating layer is improved by blending the sand into the soil; a residual irrigation water collecting passage of the cultivating layer is formed by digging the deep grooves and filling the filter material; a water drainage passage is formed by leakage of the shafts; and by integrating simple water collection and drainage systems, the problem about treatment of saline alkaline spots in the new-cultivating farmland of the salted desert is effectively solved. The method is easy, convenience and feasible to operate and particularly suitable for agricultural areas with deep underground water and in accordance with water-saving irrigation, and the effect in current year is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that the newly-ploughed arable land of a kind of salt marsh desert salting stain is administered.
Background technology
The improvement that the reclamation of wasteland of salinized soil and salination are ploughed is the important step of Xinjiang agriculture development always.It is salinized soil that there is considerable part in the soil that year is opened up wasteland surplus in the of nearly 50, and should develop reserve cultivated land resource main body also mostly is the salination desert.In some newly-ploughed arable lands of salt marsh desert; Usually there is soil property to stick salting stain heavy, bad hydraulic permeability; Especially under the water-saving drip irrigation condition, ooze difficulty under the moisture, the salinity that is dissolved in the water rises to the face of land through capillarity; Have a strong impact on crop seed and sprout and growth of seedling, cause farmland point chip " alopecia areata " phenomenon.
About the existing a large amount of bibliographical information in improving saline soil aspect; Be still the most directly effective method of Xinjiang improving saline soil with " the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching " mode of irritating row's engineering construction so far for this reason; But under water resource situation in short supply day by day, be that the engineering measure at center is hard to carry on the water conservancy.The modification method on saline-alkaline spot soil ground in a kind of farmland of one Chinese patent application number 200710180033.9 elaborations; The water-retention well that center fixed is made up of pipe of cement, water inlet, lead, water leg, top cover and the gate of sand gravel, tube wall belt hole on saline and alkaline patch ground earlier; Constantly pouring water, it is saline and alkaline to press, and realizes the improvement to saline-alkaline spot soil ground in the farmland; The improvement method in the broken multilayer haftplatte layer salt-soda soil that number of patent application 01122255.7 is set forth through ditching, forms under the moisture and oozes passage, oozes through the soil moisture side water, salt are discharged; The alkali-removing modifying method far alkaline land step that number of patent application 200710090142.1 is set forth comprises: level land; Excavate the unidirectional parallel ditch of dark 26-60cm or intersect in length and breadth, in length and breadth to the different parallel ditch of density; And in the bottom landfill sand forms row's alkali sand furrow; Dig again and arrange row's alkali ditch that the alkali sand furrow communicates, beat ground Leng, diversion irrigation row alkali; The method of the improving kaline soil by layered drainage that number of patent application 200910113232.7 is set forth is to the characteristics of fluid-tight argillic horizon in the soil body and sand bed coexistence; Adopt the method for chiselling earth; Break argillic horizon, make up the gutter, make the farmland irrigating water carry the salt alkaloid substance and discharge through sand bed.Above method common feature is to make up the engineering measure of breaking the haftplatte layer, and washing salinity by irrigation is also discharged saline and alkaline by underground sandy gravel stratum or natural sand bed that manual work is created.The method that number of patent application 200610140584.8 is set forth is bundled into column by latticed vertical landfill with agricultural crop straw after bacterium liquid soaks; Agricultural crop straw cylinder and soil through stereoscopic grid produce dialysis, stop the underground water salinity directly to rise to the face of land and produce salination; Improvement salt-soda soil method is made on the face of land that number of patent application 200910071366.7 is set forth with Louing, insert grit ground detritus soil layer and fine and close soil layer made leakage with beating vertical shaft, well head cover the comb plate husky net prevent shallow groundwater evaporation generation salination.These two kinds of methods have very big similitude, and improvement has good reference for the newly-ploughed arable land of salt marsh desert salting stain.
The comprehensive agricultural development district in the Kelamayi, the smooth arable land of hundreds thousand of mus forms sharp contrast with Chinese tamarisk bag and the parlor sacsaoul woods depression view that periphery rises and falls.Smooth through mechanization, these Chinese tamarisks that grown thousands of years encapsulate degradation and are the patch shape and have been distributed in the smooth field, become to be difficult to the saline-alkaline spot soil that effects a radical cure at present.The existence of saline-alkaline spot soil has caused very big economic loss for soil management person, has influenced agricultural production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to; The newly-ploughed arable land of a kind of salt marsh desert salting stain modification method is provided, and this method employing is mixed sand improvement arable land, excavation zanjon, is played vertical shaft, filling filtrate and the completion of backfill planting soil step, adopts soil to mix sand and improves the topsoil permeability; Realize the mobile passage of arable layer residue irrigation water through excavation zanjon landfill filtrate; Make Lou and to realize oozing under the current through breaking vertical shaft landfill filtrate again, suppress the topsoil soils salification, realize the improvement on salting stain ground.
The newly-ploughed arable land of a kind of salt marsh desert of the present invention salting stain modification method follows these steps to carry out:
A, mix husky improvement and plough
With the fine and close sticking heavy salting stain ground of soil, the mode of taking to mix husky improvement is improved the topsoil water penetration;
B, excavation zanjon
Adopt zanjon plough machinery by interleaved mode is parallel to the excavation zanjon in length and breadth, zanjon is 2-4m at interval, ditch depth 55cm-60cm;
C, beat vertical shaft
In zanjon, make the cave machine with the hand-held tree well and beat vertical shaft, the vertical shaft degree of depth is 1.2-1.5m apart from the face of land, and diameter is 30cm, vertical shaft spacing 2-3m;
D, filling filtrate
With the crushed stalk of cotton, legume crop, again crushed material is filled vertical shaft and compacting, the crushed material with crop material is layered on the zanjon bottom simultaneously, and forming thickness is the compacting filter material layer of 30cm;
E, backfill planting soil
After in zanjon bottom and vertical shaft, having filled filtrate, the backfill planting soil gets final product.
Steps d cotton, the broken length of legume crop stalk powder are 10cm.
Newly-ploughed ground of a kind of salt marsh desert of the present invention salting stain modification method, the characteristics of this method are:
Improve the existing big flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, vertical shaft irrigation and drainage, make Lou and to form the integrated of drainage channel, efficiently solve the improvement difficult problem of the newly-ploughed arable land of salt marsh desert saline-alkaline spot soil through setting up level set aquaporin and vertical shaft.Sticking heavy compressed soils is mixed husky improvement, can effectively improve soil permeability, helps oozing under the irrigation water, and has suppressed capillarity to a certain extent.Make filler with crop stem crushed materials such as the cotton of pulverizing, beans, can improve the salinized soil fertility, improve its permeability, also blocked capillarity well, suppress the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Salting stain ground modification method proposed by the invention has reduced soil moved in to improve the original commonly used, link such as washing salinity by irrigation repeatedly, the trench digging of being mentioned, makes machinery such as vertical shaft and is general agricultural machinery and implement, and it is rapid and convenient to construct, and is convenient to peasant household and operates.Adopt the inventive method, be particularly useful for the farmland that groundwater level depth is dark and carry out water-saving drip irrigation, can take effect then.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is detailed.
Embodiment 1
Implementation period on October 25th, 2009, implementing the plot is System in Agricultural Developing Zone blue sky, Kelamayi four tunnel and white clouds three-way intersection salting stain ground, salting stain ground approximate range in 25m * 32m, 0-30cm soil layer total salt content 0.86%, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
A, mix husky improvement and plough
With the fine and close sticking heavy salting stain ground of soil, sand is drawn in the district in peripheral desert, is tiled in the face of land, salting stain ground, and forming average thick is the sand bed of 8cm, ploughs the soil, and plough is controlled at 30cm deeply, improves the topsoil water penetration;
B, excavation zanjon
Press thing-north-south, employing zanjon plough is mechanical by interleaved mode is parallel to the excavation zanjon in length and breadth, zanjon interval 2m, and ditch depth 55cm opens East and West direction zanjon 5 roads altogether, north-south zanjon 6 roads;
C, beat vertical shaft
In zanjon, make the cave machine with the hand-held tree well and beat vertical shaft, the vertical shaft degree of depth is 1.2m apart from the face of land, and diameter is 30cm, vertical shaft spacing 2m;
D, filling filtrate
Cotton stalk is crushed to 10cm length, again crushed material is filled vertical shaft and compacting, the crushed material with crop material is layered on the zanjon bottom simultaneously, and forming thickness is the compacting filter material layer of 30cm;
E, backfill planting soil
After in zanjon bottom and vertical shaft, having filled filtrate, the backfill planting soil gets final product.
Adopt the mode of drip irrigation to water, form the arable layer residue irrigation water passage that catchments, make formation current drainage channel through vertical shaft again with Louing, can the saline-alkaline spot soil in the newly-ploughed arable land of salt marsh desert be discharged through excavation zanjon landfill filtrate.
Embodiment 2
Implementation period on November 10th, 2010, implementing the plot is that the Kelamayi is turned township's newly broken for a short time, and approximate range is beaten in 30m * 41m in salting stain ground, 0-30cm soil layer total salt content 1.26%;
A, mix husky improvement and plough
With the fine and close sticking heavy salting stain ground of soil, take to draw sapin to be laid on the salting stain face of land nearby, form the thick sand bed of about 10cm, plough the soil, plough dark 30cm, improve the topsoil water penetration;
B, excavation zanjon
Press thing-north-south, employing zanjon plough is mechanical by interleaved mode is parallel to the excavation zanjon in length and breadth, zanjon interval 3m, and ditch depth 57cm opens East and West direction zanjon 8 roads altogether, north-south zanjon 11 roads;
C, beat vertical shaft
In zanjon, beat vertical shaft with hand-held tree well machine, the vertical shaft degree of depth is 1.3m apart from the face of land, and diameter is 30cm, vertical shaft spacing 2.5m;
D, filling filtrate
Beans (soybean or soya bean) crushed stalk is long to 10cm, again crushed material is filled vertical shaft and compacting, the crushed material with crop material is layered on the zanjon bottom simultaneously, and forming thickness is the compacting filter material layer of 30cm;
E, backfill planting soil
After in zanjon bottom and vertical shaft, having filled filtrate, the backfill planting soil gets final product.
Adopt the mode of drip irrigation to water, form the arable layer residue irrigation water passage that catchments, make formation current drainage channel through vertical shaft again with Louing, can the saline-alkaline spot soil in the newly-ploughed arable land of salt marsh desert be discharged through excavation zanjon landfill filtrate.
The present invention is comprehensive agricultural development district and turn salting stain ground, township improved test for a short time and show in the Kelamayi; The embodiment of the present invention method; No longer occur oozing under the irrigation water difficulty and face of land accumulation of salt in the surface soil problem during the drip irrigation, plant after 1 year, the salting stain ground 0-30cm soil layer soil total salt content 60-70% that descended; Institute's survival rate of seedlings that grows cotton is all more than 85%, and per mu yield unginned cotton reaches 280kg/hm
2
Claims (2)
1. the newly-ploughed arable land of salt marsh desert salting stain modification method is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, mix husky improvement and plough
With the fine and close sticking heavy salting stain ground of soil, the mode of taking to mix husky improvement is improved the topsoil water penetration;
B, excavation zanjon
Adopt zanjon plough machinery by interleaved mode is parallel to the excavation zanjon in length and breadth, zanjon is 2-4m at interval, ditch depth 55cm-60cm;
C, beat vertical shaft
In zanjon, make the cave machine with the hand-held tree well and beat vertical shaft, the vertical shaft degree of depth is 1.2-1.5m apart from the face of land, and diameter is 30cm, vertical shaft spacing 2-3m;
D, filling filtrate
With the crushed stalk of cotton, legume crop, again crushed material is filled vertical shaft and compacting, the crushed material with crop material is layered on the zanjon bottom simultaneously, and forming thickness is the compacting filter material layer of 30cm;
E, backfill planting soil
After in zanjon bottom and vertical shaft, having filled filtrate, the backfill planting soil gets final product.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that steps d cotton, the broken length of legume crop stalk powder are 10cm.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103583105A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for quickly improving soil in serious salt accumulation area |
| CN104429208A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for mechanically breaking impermeable sticky board layer in deep soil |
| CN106069500A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油新疆油田分公司造林减排作业区 | A kind of black Fructus Lycii artificial method for planting in the saline and alkaline soil of arid |
| CN107182331A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏润顺生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the greenhouse gardening crops of the salinization of soil |
| CN107926185A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-04-20 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | The vertical shaft Salt discharge method improved the soil for salt-soda soil |
| CN108012606A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-05-11 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | For the inbuilt construction method of salt-soda soil vertical shaft |
| CN108260374A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The method of the saline and alkaline quick planting Aneurolepidium Chinese Artificial Grassland of Degradation Meadow |
| CN112806124A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-18 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Construction method for constructing vegetation pit in coal mining subsidence area |
| CN114708242A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-05 | 自然资源部国土整治中心 | Method and device for breaking impervious layer of saline-alkali soil to realize salt and alkali discharge |
| CN115176547A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-10-14 | 塔里木大学 | Saline soil reclamation scheme making method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103583105A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for quickly improving soil in serious salt accumulation area |
| CN104429208A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for mechanically breaking impermeable sticky board layer in deep soil |
| CN104429208B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | The method of the waterproof haftplatte layer of a kind of mechanical breaking deep soil |
| CN106069500A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油新疆油田分公司造林减排作业区 | A kind of black Fructus Lycii artificial method for planting in the saline and alkaline soil of arid |
| CN107182331A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏润顺生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the greenhouse gardening crops of the salinization of soil |
| CN108012606A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-05-11 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | For the inbuilt construction method of salt-soda soil vertical shaft |
| CN107926185A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-04-20 | 山东胜景旅游发展有限公司 | The vertical shaft Salt discharge method improved the soil for salt-soda soil |
| CN108260374A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | The method of the saline and alkaline quick planting Aneurolepidium Chinese Artificial Grassland of Degradation Meadow |
| CN108260374B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for quickly establishing and planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in saline-alkali deteriorated meadow |
| CN112806124A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-18 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Construction method for constructing vegetation pit in coal mining subsidence area |
| CN115176547A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-10-14 | 塔里木大学 | Saline soil reclamation scheme making method |
| CN115176547B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-05-10 | 塔里木大学 | Salinized soil reclamation scheme making method |
| CN114708242A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-05 | 自然资源部国土整治中心 | Method and device for breaking impervious layer of saline-alkali soil to realize salt and alkali discharge |
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Application publication date: 20121003 |