CN115176547B - Salinized soil reclamation scheme making method - Google Patents
Salinized soil reclamation scheme making method Download PDFInfo
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
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- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a salinized soil reclamation scheme making method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a digital image of a region to be reclaimed, and calculating the flushing quota of different desalination soil layer thicknesses of each pixel in the image under the allowable salt content standard of each desalination soil layer, wherein the allowable salt content standard of each different desalination soil layer is determined by the salinity tolerance of crops; and calculating the corresponding pixel quantity according to the loadable planting area of each crop by taking the quantity of the available water resources as a limiting factor, adjusting a salt content threshold according to the pixel quantity, and selecting soil smaller than or equal to the threshold as a reclamation area of the corresponding crop when the salt content threshold is adjusted to a certain specific value to be just equal to the pixel quantity. The invention can monitor each data of the salinized soil, accurately acquire the improved water consumption, reasonably utilize water resources during reclamation, ensure the quality of soil improvement and reduce the loss and pollution of the water resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural soil treatment, in particular to a salinized soil reclamation scheme making method.
Background
Reasonable planning and utilization of water and soil resources are key to sustainable development of agriculture and ecology of the Tarim river basin. In recent years, with the rapid growth of population, the existing cultivated land cannot meet the growth demand of living material data, and the cultivation is a main way for solving the problem. However, due to the lack of basic data of soil salinization, the reclamation is blind, and the difference of soil improvement water consumption of different salinization degrees and the influence of discharged water on ecological environment are not considered. Therefore, on the premise of not influencing the ecological environment, a reclamation scheme is scientifically formulated according to the salinization condition of the cultivated land reserve resources, and the existing cultivated land reserve resources are reasonably developed and utilized, so that the method is one of effective ways for solving the population growth problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems of the background technology and provides a salinized soil reclamation scheme making method, which utilizes a satellite remote sensing technology to realize regional-scale salinization monitoring, calculates improved water consumption required by the development and utilization of the salinized soil according to the salinized soil, and analyzes the requirements of the salinized soil on water resources and the influence of the salinized soil on the water quality of a river basin so as to be beneficial to the development and the utilization of the salinized soil.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a salinized soil reclamation scheme making method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a digital image of a region to be reclaimed; calculating the flushing quota of different desalination layer thicknesses of each pixel in the digital image under the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer, wherein the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer is determined by the salinity tolerance of crops; calculating the corresponding pixel quantity according to the loadable planting area of each crop by taking the available water resource quantity as a limiting factor, adjusting the salt content threshold according to the pixel quantity, and selecting the soil smaller than or equal to the threshold as the reclamation area of the corresponding crop when the salt content threshold is adjusted to a certain specific value to be just equal to the pixel quantity.
Preferably, the rinse ration of the different desalination layer thicknesses of each pixel under the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer is calculated by the following formula (1):
M=m 1 + M2 formula (1)
Wherein M-flush quota; m 1 -planning a difference value between the soil water content of the flushing layer and the field water holding capacity; m 2 -the amount of water required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria;
The difference M 1 between the soil moisture content of the planned flushing layer and the field water holding capacity is calculated by the following formula (2) -formula (4):
M 1＝900Hγ(θ1-θ0)＝Wmax-W0 formula (2)
Wmax=900 hγθ 1 formula (3)
W 0 ＝ 900Hγθ0 formula (4)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; θ 0 -natural water content of desalted soil layer soil; θ 1 —field capacity of the desalted soil layer; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high; w 0 -reservoir of desalted soil before flushing.
Preferably, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (5):
M 2＝900Hγ(S1-S2)/K formula (5)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; ; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; k-salt rejection coefficient, determined by the salt content of the washed soil layer, soil texture, and drain interval.
Preferably, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (6):
m 2 ＝ Wmax(S2/S1-1)＝ 900Hγθ1(S2/S1 -1) formula (6)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water is held in the field.
Preferably, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (7):
Wherein, the water content of the soil of the W max -desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high, the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C 2 -flushing is the soil solution concentration when the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C-flushing is high, and the target soil solution concentration after C-flushing.
Preferably, the loadable planting area of each crop is calculated by using the amount of available water resources and annual water demand of the crop.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the reclamation scheme is determined based on the sum of the flush rates of the reclamation areas of the various crops and the amount of available water resources.
Preferably, the reclamation scheme is determined based on the sum of the flush rates of the reclamation areas of the various crops and the amount of water resources available in the current year by the following method:
under the condition that the number of available water resources in the current year is larger than or equal to the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, all the soil is uniformly planted after being flushed and improved by the available water resources in the current year;
Under the condition that the quantity of available water resources in the current year is smaller than the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, the method mainly comprises the steps of planting improved soil, and improving the rest soil by using the rest water resources after planting irrigation; or the soil improvement is mainly performed, and the water resource available in the current year is utilized to preferentially improve the residual soil which is not improved.
Preferably, the crop comprises at least one of cotton, corn, wheat, alfalfa, oil sunflower, and rye, and combinations thereof.
Preferably, a remote sensing technology is used for obtaining a digitized image of the region to be reclaimed, the digitized image is split into a plurality of pixels, and the pixels at least comprise soil profile salinity content data.
According to the salinized soil reclamation scheme making method, the area to be reclaimed is divided into a plurality of pixels, the flushing quota of each pixel is calculated, the reclamation scheme (comprising determining the crop type and the crop planting area) is reasonably set by combining the quantity of available water resources of the area to be reclaimed, the reclaimed improved drainage can not pollute other water resources, and the loss and pollution of the water resources are reduced while the soil improvement quality is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a salinized soil reclamation method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of regression of conductivity versus soil salt content.
FIG. 3 is a plot of the rinse quota for different desalination layer thicknesses with an allowable salt content of 5g kg -1 for the desalination layer.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the rinse quota for different desalination layer thicknesses with an allowable salt content of 4g kg -1 for the desalination layer.
FIG. 5 is a plot of the rinse quota for different desalting layer thicknesses with an allowable salt content of 3.5g kg-1.
Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of a reginable land for a cotton planting scheme.
Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of a reclamation land for a wheat planting scheme.
FIG. 6c is a schematic diagram of a reclamation land for corn planting scheme
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a salinized soil reclamation method according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a salinized soil reclamation method. The method starts with step S100, obtaining a digitized image of an area to be reclaimed. The digitized image is typically composed of a number of picture elements. The "pixel" described herein may be specifically soil of a unit area, so as to divide the whole area to be reclaimed into smaller sub-areas, so that the calculated flushing ration is more accurate.
In some embodiments, a remote sensing technology may be used to obtain a digitized image of the area to be reclaimed, and the digitized image is split into a plurality of pixels, and related data such as soil profile salinity may be included in the pixels to facilitate the calculation of the subsequent flushing quota. By way of example only, a digitized image of the area to be reclaimed may be acquired using a TM as an image with a spatial resolution of 30 m.
After step S100, step S201 and step S202 may be performed simultaneously or one may be performed before the other, regardless of the order of steps.
Step S201, calculating the flushing quota of each pixel under the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer, wherein the allowable salt content standard of each pixel is determined by the salinity tolerance of crops.
The flush rate is the amount of salt-washing water consumed per unit area of soil required to meet the desalination standard, and is generally m 3/mu or m 3 hm-2. The unit adopted in the embodiment of the invention is m 3 900m-2. Desalination criteria are related to two indicators of desalination layer thickness and desalination layer allowable salt content. For the desalted soil layer thickness, the depth of the plant root system distribution of the straight root system is generally determined according to the growth depth of the plant root system, generally, the depth of the plant root system distribution of the straight root system is deeper than that of the root system, the root system of the straight root system plant is mostly distributed in a soil layer of 50-60cm, the fibrous root system is generally in a soil layer of 30-40cm, the desalted soil layer thickness of the plant root system plant is 60cm or 80cm considering the migration of the salt content of the adjacent soil layer, but the straight root system is generally 100cm. The desalination layer allows for a salt content related to the salt tolerance of the crop, which varies significantly from crop to crop, for example, corn is 2.5g kg -1, cotton is 4.0g kg -1, wheat is 3.0g kg -1. Thus, the specific desalination layer tolerance needs to be tailored to the specific crop.
Step S202, calculating the corresponding pixel quantity according to the loadable planting area of each crop by taking the available water resource quantity as a limiting factor, adjusting the salinity threshold according to the pixel quantity, and selecting the soil smaller than or equal to the threshold as the reclamation area of the corresponding crop when the salinity threshold is adjusted to a certain specific value just equal to the pixel quantity. According to the quantity of available water resources and the annual water demand of crops, the planting areas of different crops borne by the available water resources are calculated. Channel leakage losses and surface evaporation losses should be taken into account in the calculation process.
The following embodiments of the present invention will specifically describe how to calculate the corresponding flush ration in conjunction with the formulas.
In the embodiment of the invention, the flushing quota of the thickness of different desalted soil layers of each pixel under the allowable salt content standard of each desalted soil layer is calculated by the following formula (1):
M=m 1 + M2 formula (1)
Wherein M-flush quota; m 1 -planning a difference value between the soil water content of the flushing layer and the field water holding capacity; m 2 -the amount of water required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria.
And, the difference M 1 between the soil moisture content of the planned flushing layer and the field water holding capacity is calculated by the following formula (2) -formula (4):
M 1＝900Hγ(θ1-θ0)＝Wmax-W0 formula (2)
Wmax=900 hγθ 1 formula (3)
W 0 ＝ 900Hγθ0 formula (4)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; θ 0 -natural water content of desalted soil layer soil; θ 1 —field capacity of the desalted soil layer; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high; w 0 -reservoir of desalted soil before flushing.
The present embodiments provide various methods for calculating the amount of water M 2 required to flush salt according to a planned flushing desalination standard.
In some embodiments, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (5):
M 2＝900Hγ(S1-S2)/K formula (5)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; ; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; k-salt rejection coefficient, determined by the salt content of the washed soil layer, soil texture, and drain interval.
It should be noted that K is not a constant value, but is smaller and smaller along with the salt washing process; the higher the sand content of the soil, the larger the K; the smaller the drain spacing, the greater K.
In some embodiments, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (6):
m 2＝Wmax(S2/S1-1)＝900Hγθ1(S2/S1 -1) formula (6)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water is held in the field.
The above equation (6) essentially calculates the flush ration based on the salt content of the soil. The deduction process is as follows:
if the concentration of the soil solution in the desalted soil layer after washing is C 1(kg m-3, then there are
C 1＝900HγS2/Wmax＝900HγS1/(M+W0) formula (601)
From equation (601):
m=w max(S1/S2)-W0 formula (602)
Can be obtained by combining the formula (1) and the formula (2)
Wmax(S1/S2)-W0＝M1+M2＝Wmax-W0+M2 Formula (603)
And (3) finishing the formula (603) to obtain the formula (6).
Preferably, the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following equation (7):
Wherein, the water content of the soil of the W max -desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high, the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C 2 -flushing is the soil solution concentration when the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C-flushing is high, and the target soil solution concentration after C-flushing.
The above equation (7) essentially calculates the flush ration based on the soil solution concentration. The deduction process is as follows:
Assuming that the concentration of the soil solution before washing when the water content of the desalted soil layer is the field water holding capacity is C 2(kgm-3, the concentration of the target soil solution after washing (the water content of the soil is the field water holding capacity) is C (kg m -3), and the salt storage capacity of the desalted soil layer is Ms (kg 900m -2). In this case, dM 2(m3) is added per 900m 2, and CdM (kg) of salt is eluted per 900m 2:
dMs＝-CdM2 (701)
C＝Ms/Wmax (702)
in some embodiments, M 2 may be calculated based on solute transport theory.
Specifically, the solute transport equation is equation 8. Wherein θ -is the volume moisture content (m 3 m-3); z-vertical coordinate, positive (cm) downward; q-water flux (cm h -1); t-time (h); solute concentration in the C-soil solution (g L -1);Ds h (v, θ) -hydrodynamic diffusion coefficient (cm 2 h-1).
If the soil solution is in a steady flow state, equation (8) can be transformed into equation (9),
Then there is
If the soil water content reaches a saturated state, namely θ=θs and c=c 0, the salt concentration of flushing water is C 1, and the lower water seepage flow rate is V. Then there is
Initial condition C (Z, 0) =c 0 formula (12)
Upper boundary condition C (0, t) =c 1 equation (13)
Lower boundary condition C (++t) =c 0 equation (14)
Then there is
From equation (15), the corresponding flush times for different desalination depths Z, different flush standards C, and flush ratings M 2 can be determined.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: the reclamation scheme is determined based on the sum of the flush rates of the reclamation areas of the various crops and the amount of available water resources.
Specifically, the reclamation scheme is determined based on the sum of the flush rates of the reclamation areas of various crops and the amount of water resources available in the current year by the following method:
under the condition that the number of available water resources in the current year is larger than or equal to the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, all the soil is uniformly planted after being flushed and improved by the available water resources in the current year;
Under the condition that the quantity of available water resources in the current year is smaller than the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, the method mainly comprises the steps of planting improved soil, and improving the rest soil by using the rest water resources after planting irrigation; or the soil improvement is mainly performed, and the water resource available in the current year is utilized to preferentially improve the residual soil which is not improved.
The following examples of the invention will further illustrate the feasibility and advancement of the invention in conjunction with specific test experimental data.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the TM with the spatial resolution of 30m is adopted as an image to acquire the digitized image of the region to be reclaimed, and the digitized image is split into a plurality of pixels. The corresponding flush ration is then calculated using equations (1) - (4) and equation (6). The embodiment of the invention converts the conductivity data into soil salt content data by utilizing the relation between the conductivity and the salt content. FIG. 2 is a graph of regression relationship between conductivity and salt content of 15 soil samples. Considering that the spatial variability of soil salinization in the area is strong, the maximum value and the minimum value are considered when samples are selected, the conductivity range of 15 soil samples is 3.21-66.05dS m -1, and the soil salinity in different conductivity ranges can be inverted with high precision. As can be seen from FIG. 2, there is a high correlation between conductivity and salt content, with a coefficient of determination of up to 0.99 or more, and RMSE of only 7.02g kg -1. Therefore, the inversion of the salt content of the soil by using the model has extremely high reliability.
In order to obtain the basic parameters such as the natural water content of the soil, the volume weight of the soil, the field water holding capacity and the like required by the flushing quota, the soil profile distribution is carried out by comprehensively considering the conditions such as soil salinization, vegetation coverage, water system distribution and the like, 30 soil profile data are acquired, the digging depth of each profile is 1.2m, three profile samples with different depths of 0-60, 0-80 and 0-100cm are acquired, and the soil attribute data statistics of each profile are shown in table 1. As shown in Table 1, the volume weights of the soil collected at different places and the sections with different depths are not greatly different, the variation coefficient is 6.34-6.94% at 1.27-1.30g cm -3, and the average value is 1.41-1.44g cm -3; the variation amplitude of the field water holding capacity and the soil water holding capacity is important to be large relative to the soil capacity, the field water holding capacity is 21.11-34.16%, the average value is 28.42-28.74%, the variation coefficient is 12.49-13.62%, and the variation coefficient has the tendency of increasing along with the increase of the soil profile depth; the water content of the soil is 17.98-29.98%, the average value is 22.56-23.81%, the variation coefficient is 1.54-17.20%, and the tendency of the water content to increase with the increase of the section depth is similar. The calculation of the subsequent flushing quota data is carried out by adopting the average value obtained by the investigation due to the lack of detailed data and digital figures of soil properties of the whole area of the research area.
Table 1 soil property statistics of different depth profiles (n=30)
According to vegetation and soil texture conditions of the alluvial fan, available soil of the whole alluvial fan is cut, the northern part of the alluvial fan is a sector top area, most of the alluvial fans are Gobi, gravel and gravel are mainly used, and soil water retention is poor, so that development and utilization values are not high. The southeast part of the alluvial fan is mainly natural populus euphratica forest, and the forest is protected from the aspect of ecological environment protection. Meanwhile, the cultivated land and the construction land which are well improved after the reclamation in the alluvial fan are removed. And (3) obtaining soil salt content data by applying a regression model of conductivity and soil salt content, formulating different desalination standards, and calculating the flushing quota of each pixel by adopting a soil solution concentration calculation method in combination with the average value of soil volume weight, field water holding capacity and water content in table 1. The thickness of the desalted soil layer is designed into three different depths of 60, 80 and 100 cm; according to the salinity tolerance of cotton, wheat and corn which are mainly planted in south ARUM, 4.0 g kg -1 g, 3.0 g kg -1 g kg, the salinity of soil in a cultivated layer can be effectively reduced by taking spring irrigation or winter irrigation into consideration. Thus, the desalination layer allowable salt content is designed to three standards of 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0g kg -1, and the salt concentration of the corresponding soil solution is calculated according to the soil salt content and the above 3 standards.
FIGS. 3-5 are rinse ration profiles for 3 different desalination layer thicknesses (0-60 cm, 0-80cm, 0-100 cm) at different desalination layer allowable salt content standards, i.e., rinse ration profiles for different desalination standards. The washing rate at different desalination layer thicknesses with a desalination layer tolerance salt content of 5g kg -1 is 0-1479.66m 3 900m-2, the desalination layer tolerance salt content of 4g kg -1 is 0-1562.77m 3 900m-2, and the desalination layer tolerance salt content of 4g kg -1 is 0-1612.51m 3 900m-2.
As can be seen from fig. 3-5, the flush ration showed a significant increase in tendency as the depth of the desalted soil layer increased. From the whole research area, the zones with low flushing quota are distributed in small areas of north, south and east, the north area is a high vegetation coverage area, the salinity content is relatively low, the south area is a new cultivated land which is already cultivated and subjected to certain flushing improvement, the soil belongs to low-salinity soil, and the east area also has a part of areas with high vegetation coverage areas, and the soil salinity is relatively low.
The whole research area comprises 4713922 pixels through statistics, and the total area is 4242.53km 2. When the allowable salt content of the desalted soil layer is 3.5g kg -1, the average washing quota of the desalted soil layer of 0-60cm, 0-80 cm and 0-100cm is 798.76, 1049.49 and 1334.43m 3 900m-2 respectively, and the total washing quota of the whole research area is 37.65 multiplied by 10 8、49.47×108 and 62.90 multiplied by 10 8m3 respectively; when the allowable salt content of the desalted soil layer is 4.0g kg -1, the average flushing rates of the desalted soil layers of 0-60cm, 0-80 and 0-100cm are 769.86, 1010.43 and 1284.69m 3 900m-2 respectively, and the total flushing rates of the whole research areas are 36.29×10 8、47.63×108 and 60.56 ×10 8m3 respectively; the average flushing rates for 0-60cm, 0-80 and 0-100cm desalted soil layers were 721.58, 945.19 and 1199.66m 3900m-2, respectively, with a total flushing rate of 34.01X10 8、44.56×108 and 56.55X10 8m3, respectively, for the entire investigation region, with an allowable salt content of 5.0g kg -1.
The water resource available in the research area is running water of a karlazel rolling river, the river is derived from Qionkucumabayi peak of a Thujopsis peak branch of a mountain of Tianshan, water source supply mainly comprises ice and snow melting water, precipitation and spring water, the water source supply is in a water-rich period of 7-8 months, the annual average flow in the water-rich period is 16.4m 3 s-1, and the annual average flow from winter to early spring water-free period is 2.3m 3 s-1. The total length of the river is 95.5km, wherein the north distribution of the saline mountain port, namely the tap water diversion hub engineering is 50.5km,45.0km is distributed in the research area, and finally the river is cut off in the southeast part of the research area. The average annual runoff total amount of the karlayuer rolling river for years is 2.49 multiplied by 10 8m3, the utilized water resource is 1.2 multiplied by 10 8m3, the water is mainly consumed in farmland irrigation and domestic water of residents, and the residual available water resource is 1.29 multiplied by 10 8m3.
Cotton is one of the main commercial crops in south China, and wheat and corn are the main grain crops. Thus, only the main economic crops and grain crops in south ARUM are subjected to related development and utilization scheme research. Under the drip irrigation planting mode, the optimal water consumption of the cotton in south Xinjiang in the whole growth period is 4200m 3 hm-2, and the water consumption of the cotton in south Xinjiang in the whole growth period is 6450m 3 hm-2 by adding 2250m 3 hm-2 of winter irrigation or spring irrigation; the water yield of wheat in the growing period is 3750m 3 hm-2, the winter water yield or spring water yield is 1500m 3 hm-2, and the annual water consumption is 5250m 3 hm-2; the corn has a growth period of 2700m 3 hm-2, a winter or spring water of 1500m 3 hm-2 and a annual water consumption of 4200m 3 hm-2. According to the quantity of available water resources and the annual water demand of crops, the planting areas of different crops borne by the available water resources are calculated. In the calculation process, the amount of available water resources is reduced to 1.28×10 8m3 in consideration of channel leakage loss and water surface evaporation loss. As a result, the existing available water resource can bear cotton with a planting area of 1.98X10 4hm2, or corn with a planting area of 3.05X10 4hm2, or wheat with a planting area of 2.44X10 4hm2. And calculating the corresponding pixel number according to the loadable planting area of each crop, wherein the pixel number corresponding to cotton is 220499, the corn is 338624, and the wheat is 270899. After the bearing planting area is determined, in order to save the water consumption of flushing quota, the soil resource with low salt content is cultivated as much as possible, cotton is counted by 0-100cm of the depth of a desalted soil layer and corn and wheat are counted by 0-60cm of the depth of the desalted soil layer by utilizing a grid calculator and a reclassification counting function of ArcGIS software, a salt content threshold value is adjusted according to the number of pixels, and when the threshold value is adjusted to be just equal to the number of pixels, the soil with the salt content smaller than or equal to the threshold value is the optimal cultivated area. Finally, determining that the salt content (0-100 cm section) of soil in the optimal reclamation area for planting cotton is 0-32.83g kg -1, the corn is 0-50.90g kg -1 (0-60 cm section), the wheat is 0-49.22g kg -1 (0-60 cm section), and carrying out digital drawing by using a grid calculator of ArcGIS software under the condition. Fig. 6 (a) -6 (c) are soil resource profiles of the best reclamation areas for planting different crops. As can be seen from fig. 6 (a) - (c), the optimal reclamation area is mainly distributed in 6 areas of north, south, west, southwest, southeast and east of the study area, and most of these areas are high vegetation coverage areas or reclamation areas and cultivated lands with a certain improvement but not good improvement. Under the condition of determining the area, the north, west and south lands of the concentrated reclamation research area are taken as the optimal planning paths, and the eastern and middle parts of the reclamation lands can be adjusted to be the protection lands in consideration of the cost of constructing the ditch and the tractor-ploughing road, the available roads and the ditch, the evaporation loss and the like.
Through statistics, the average flushing rate of soil in a region with a section of 0-100cm in a research area, namely a region with salt content lower than 32.83g kg -1, namely an optimal reclamation region for planting cotton is 572.54m 3 900m-2, the area is 1.98X10 4hm2, the total flushing rate is 1.26X10 8m3, and the improvement of the reclamation land can be completed only by one year of the existing available water resources. The average flushing rate of 0-60cm section soil with salt content lower than 50.90g kg -1 soil is 593.87m 3 900m-2, the area is 3.05X10 4hm2, the total flushing rate is 2.01X10 8m3, the part of the land is planned to be planted with corn crops, because the total flushing rate (2.01X10 8m3) is larger than the amount of available water resources in the current year (1.28X10 8m3). Therefore, an optimal reclamation scheme is considered. Three different reclamation schemes can be adopted, one is to uniformly plant all the soil after the water resource available in the current year is used for washing and improving the soil; the second is improvement while planting, mainly planting the improved soil, and improving the rest soil by using the rest water resources after planting and irrigation; and the third method is to plant while improving the soil, mainly improving the soil, and improving the residual non-improved soil by utilizing the available water resources in the current year, wherein the improved soil is considered to be planted if the residual water resources exist. If the first and third reclamation schemes are adopted, the improvement of all the reclamation lands can be completed only in two years, and if the second reclamation scheme is adopted, the improvement task can be basically completed in at least 5 years. The average flushing rate of 0-60cm section soil with salt content lower than 49.22g kg -1 soil is 559.58m 3 900m-2, the area is 2.44X10. 10 4hm2, the total flushing rate is 1.52X10. 10 8m3, the part of the land is planned to be planted with wheat crops. The reclamation scheme of the wheat planned land is similar to that of corn, the first reclamation scheme and the third reclamation scheme are adopted, the reclamation of all the reclamation lands can be completed only in two years, and the second reclamation scheme can be adopted, so that the improvement task can be basically completed in at least 3 years. In comparison with the three reclamation schemes, the third scheme can improve soil and obtain a part of planting benefits, and meanwhile, the reclamation scheme can be prioritized due to shorter exploitation time. In addition, the second reclamation scheme can generate certain benefit and accelerate soil ripening and shorten improvement time if crops which are more water-saving than planned crops are planted, such as alfalfa, oil sunflower, rye and the like.
If the water resource limitation is not considered, the full land of 4242.53km 2 in the whole research area is reclaimed and utilized, and cotton, corn and wheat which are main crops in south China are planted, the annual water requirement of the planted cotton is 27.36 multiplied by 10 8m3, the corn is 17.82 multiplied by 10 8m3, the wheat is 22.27 multiplied by 10 8m3, the available water resource is subtracted by 1.28 multiplied by 10 8m3, the water resource difference of the planted cotton is 26.08 multiplied by 10 8m3, the corn is 16.54 multiplied by 10 8m3, and the wheat is 20.99 multiplied by 10 8m3. The supply form of the local water resources is mainly to extract deep groundwater, under the condition of not considering soil improvement water consumption, 16.54 multiplied by 10 8-27.36×108m3 groundwater resources are extracted each year, the deep groundwater level is required to be quickly reduced, the shallow groundwater level is required to be lifted, the secondary salinization of soil is required to be accelerated, and the salt content of the shallow groundwater is required to be increased, so that peripheral natural populus woods and some salinized vegetation (tamarix chinensis, corncob wood, salt festival wood, liquorice and the like) are caused to decline due to the change of habitats, and even the mineralization degree of water bodies in a river basin is improved due to improvement of drainage water, the quantity of aquatic organisms is influenced, the biodiversity is reduced, and the ecological environment is deteriorated. In addition, the salinized soil in arid areas, especially severe salinized and salty soil, has a layer of salt crust with higher hardness on the surface, and the thickness of the salt crust is generally 1-15cm, has the function of preventing the evaporation loss of soil moisture, and has the function of absorbing atmospheric precipitation. Land reclamation will result in loss of basic function of salt crust, rapid evaporation and dissipation of soil moisture and drying and loosening, especially surface soil, and dust raising is easy to occur, especially in the 3-5 months of spring and summer in south ARUM, resulting in increased frequency and intensity of sand storm bursts. Therefore, the current situation of local water resources and the salinization state of soil are not combined, the reserve cultivated land resources are blindly reclaimed, not only can the underground water resources be excessively used, but also ecological environment elements such as the quality, the biodiversity and the like of the local water resources are influenced, the ecological environment deterioration and the land deterioration are caused, and finally the sustainable development of regional agriculture and economy is influenced.
Influence of soil improvement drainage on water quality of drainage basin:
Soil salinity belongs to water-soluble inorganic substances, and only the dilution effect of the salinity on water is considered according to the relevant standards of the technical principles and methods for making local water pollutant emission standards (GB 3839-83).
C＝(QoCo+QCe)/(Qo+Q)(6-25)
Wherein C is the salt concentration of the predicted section (g L -1);Qo is the flow rate of the upper section (m 3 s-1), Q is the flow rate of the soil improvement drainage (m 3 s-1);Co is the salt concentration of the upper section (g L -1);Ce is the salt concentration of the soil improvement drainage (g L -1)), the formula can be further understood as the ratio of the total salt component to the total runoff per unit time.
The improvement time of the salinized soil in the region is selected to be carried out in the water-rich period of 7-8 months. According to the calculation principle of the flushing quota, the improved drainage amount of the salinized soil is equal to M 2, and related researches show that about 50% of farmland drainage in the area is drained into the Tarim river. The flood period of Tarim river is 7-8 months, the average flow rate in the period is 400-620m 3 s-1, the salt content of river water is 0.72-1.17-g L -1, especially 8 months, and the flow rate can be 35.96% of the whole year. For the convenience of calculation, the salt content of river water is averaged to be 0.95g L -1, and the average flow rate of 7-8 months is not further averaged in consideration of the fact that Tarim river has a year of high water and a year of low water. The grid calculator and the statistics function of ArcGIS software are utilized to carry out statistics on the salt discharge, the water discharge and the salt content indexes of the improvement of the salinized soil with different desalination standards, and the salt discharge and the salt content indexes are shown in Table 2. Similar statistics were also made for the best reclamation area, see table 3. The data in table 2 are statistical results of all the soil in the whole research area, and table 3 only counts the corresponding data of the soil in the planning area where different crops can be planted by using the water resource.
As can be seen from table 2, as the thickness of the desalted soil layer increases, the amount of salt discharged and the amount of water consumed by the modified salinized soil significantly increase, while the salt concentration of the discharged water tends to decrease. At the same desalination layer thickness, the improved water consumption is reduced and the drainage salt content is increased along with the increase of the allowable salt content of the desalination layer. The salt discharge amount of the whole research area is 4.19 multiplied by 10 8-5.97×108 t, the water discharge amount is 31.91 multiplied by 10 8-57.19×108m3, and the salt discharge content is 104-131g L -1. The basic data of Table 2 and the flow data of the Tarim river are combined for statistics, for example, the salinized soil of the whole research area is fully reclaimed, the reclamation time is one year, for example, the saline content of the river is 55.61-64.92g L -1 calculated according to the flow 400m 3 s-1 of the dry water of the Tarim river, for example, the saline content of the river is 43.12-51.51g L -1 calculated according to the flow 620m 3 s-1 of the dry water of the Tarim river, and the saline content of the river is respectively increased by 54.66-63.97g L -1 and 42.17-50.56g L -1. The reclamation and salt removal in the dead water year or the rich water year can lead to the lowest standard that the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river is obviously higher than that of the farmland irrigation water and the salt content is lower than 2.0g L -1. If the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river is not higher than 2.0g L -1 due to salt removal, the desalination standard is considered, the reclamation time with the desalination soil layer thickness of 60cm is designed to be 95-96 years, the reclamation time with the desalination soil layer thickness of 80cm is designed to be 122-124 years, the reclamation time with the desalination soil layer thickness of 34.42-34.82 km 2 is designed to be 133-135 years, and the reclamation time with the desalination soil layer depth of 100cm is designed to be 31.58-32.01km 2; calculated in the year of the brine, the reclamation time of 60cm of the desalted soil layer is designed to be 62 years, the reclamation time of 68.43km 2 in the annual average, the reclamation time of 80cm of the desalted soil layer is designed to be 79-80 years, the reclamation time of 53.35-53.98km 2 in the annual average, the reclamation time of 100cm of the desalted soil layer is designed to be 86-87 years, and the reclamation time of 48.94-49.61km 2 in the annual average.
TABLE 2 saline soil improvement drainage salinity concentrations for different desalination standards
As can be seen from Table 3, the drain salt content of the planned wheat and corn area with a depth of 60cm in the desalted layer was as high as 57g L -1 or more, while the planned cotton area with a depth of 100cm in the desalted layer was much lower than the planned wheat and corn area, and the drain salt content was only 18.12g L -1. The effect of soil improvement drainage on water quality in the planned area was counted based on the basic data and the 7-8 month flow data of the Tarim river in Table 3, and the cotton planned area was counted according to the annual reclamation period and the wheat and corn planned area was counted according to the two-year reclamation time according to the results of the study section 6.4. Statistical results show that the withered water year of the cotton planning area can cause the salinity content of the river water of the Tarim river to be increased by 0.30g L -1, reaching 1.25g L -1, and the salinity content of the river water of the Tarim river to be increased by 0.25g L -1 in the full water year, reaching 1.20g L -1, but not exceeding the minimum standard of the farmland irrigation water quality. The planned area of the corn and the wheat is calculated according to the full amount of available water resources in the first year, the corn can cause the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river to be increased by 1.42g L -1 in the dry water year and to reach 2.37g L -1, the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river to be increased by 0.93g L -1 in the full water year and to reach 1.88g L -1, the salt content of the river water of the corn and the wheat to be increased by 1.05g L -1 in the second year, and the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river to reach 2.0g L -1, wherein the corresponding data of the full water year are respectively 0.77 g L -1 and 1.72g L -1. The first year of the wheat planning area is 1.75 and 2.70g L -1 respectively, the full water year is 1.16 and 2.11g L -1 respectively, and the second year is 0.26 and 1.21g L -1 respectively, and the full water year is 0.23 and 1.18g L -1 respectively. As shown by statistics, the reclamation of the cotton planning area does not cause the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river to exceed 2.0g L -1, but the first year reclamation period of corn and wheat causes the salt content of the river water to exceed 2.0g L -1, and the second year is obviously lower than 2.0g L -1. Considering that the calculation scheme is a result of statistics according to an average value, the salt content of the drainage can be controlled by properly adjusting the reclamation scheme, for example, the area with relatively low reclamation salt content is reclaimed as much as possible in the first year, and the area with relatively high salt content is properly increased in the second year, so that the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river is ensured to be controlled within 2.0g L -1 in the whole reclamation period.
TABLE 3 soil improvement drainage salinity concentration for reclamation land
In summary, the embodiment of the invention utilizes the basic principle and the calculation method of the soil profile salinity content data and the salinized soil washing quota obtained by the remote sensing technology to research the influence of the washing quota and the development scheme of the research area and the salinized soil improvement on the water quality of the river basin. The research result shows that the improved water consumption of the whole research area is 34.01X10 8-62.90×108m3, the salt discharge amount is 4.19X10 8-5.97×108 t, the existing available surface runoff water resources can not meet the reclamation requirement, and a large amount of groundwater is required to be extracted for replenishment. For example, the water resource can be utilized for planning and reclamation based on the existing surface runoff, and the cotton planting area can be planned to be 1.98x10 4hm2, or the corn planting area to be 3.05x10 4hm2, or the wheat planting area to be 2.44x10 4hm2. If the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river is increased from 0.95g L -1 to 43.12-64.92g L -1 in one year, the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river is not more than the minimum standard 2.0g L -1 of the farmland irrigation water quality, and the reclamation period is controlled to be 62-135 years. If the reclamation is carried out on the reclamation land, the reclamation period is 1-2 years, the reclamation scheme of light before heavy according to the salinization of the soil is adopted, the improved drainage can not cause the salt content of the river water of the Tarim river to exceed 2.0g L -1, and the water can still be used as farmland irrigation water for irrigation.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (8)
1. A method for creating a salinized soil reclamation scheme, the method comprising:
Acquiring a digital image of a region to be reclaimed;
calculating the flushing quota of different desalination layer thicknesses of each pixel in the digital image under the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer, wherein the allowable salt content standard of each desalination layer is determined by the salinity tolerance of crops;
Calculating the corresponding pixel quantity according to the loadable planting area of each crop by taking the available water resource quantity as a limiting factor, adjusting the salt content threshold according to the pixel quantity, and selecting the soil smaller than or equal to the threshold as the reclamation area of the corresponding crop when the salt content threshold is adjusted to a certain specific value to be just equal to the pixel quantity;
Determining a reclamation scheme based on a sum of flush rates of reclamation areas of the various crops and an amount of available water resources;
the reclamation scheme is determined based on the sum of the flush rates of the reclamation areas of the various crops and the amount of water resources available in the current year by the following method:
under the condition that the number of available water resources in the current year is larger than or equal to the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, all the soil is uniformly planted after being flushed and improved by the available water resources in the current year;
Under the condition that the quantity of available water resources in the current year is smaller than the sum of the flushing quota of the reclamation areas of various crops, the method mainly comprises the steps of planting improved soil, and improving the rest soil by using the rest water resources after planting irrigation; or the soil improvement is mainly performed, and the water resource available in the current year is utilized to preferentially improve the residual soil which is not improved.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rinse ration for the respective desalination layer allowable salt content standard for the respective desalination layer thickness of the respective pixels is calculated by the following formula (1):
M=m 1 + M2 formula (1)
Wherein M-flush quota; m 1 -planning a difference value between the soil water content of the flushing layer and the field water holding capacity; m 2 -the amount of water required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria;
The difference M 1 between the soil moisture content of the planned flushing layer and the field water holding capacity is calculated by the following formula (2) -formula (4):
M 1＝900Hγ(θ1-θ0)＝Wmax-W0 formula (2)
Wmax=900 hγθ 1 formula (3)
W 0 ＝ 900Hγθ0 formula (4)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; θ 0 -natural water content of desalted soil layer soil; θ 1 —field capacity of the desalted soil layer; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high; w 0 -reservoir of desalted soil before flushing.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following formula (5):
M 2＝900Hγ(S1-S2)/K formula (5)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; k-salt rejection coefficient, determined by the salt content of the washed soil layer, soil texture, and drain interval.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following formula (6):
m 2 ＝ Wmax(S2/S1-1)＝ 900Hγθ1(S2/S1 -1) formula (6)
Wherein, the H-desalted soil layer thickness and the gamma-desalted soil layer soil volume weight; s 1, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer before flushing; s 2, soil salt content of the desalted soil layer after washing; w max -the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water is held in the field.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the amount of water M 2 required to flush the salt according to the planned flushing desalination criteria is calculated by the following formula (7):
Wherein, the water content of the soil of the W max -desalted soil layer is the water storage capacity when the water content of the field is high, the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C 2 -flushing is the soil solution concentration when the water content of the soil of the desalted soil layer before C-flushing is high, and the target soil solution concentration after C-flushing.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the loadable planting area of each crop is calculated from the amount of available water resources and the annual crop water demand.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the crop comprises at least one of cotton, corn, wheat, alfalfa, oil sunflower, and rye, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the digitized image of the area to be reclaimed is obtained by remote sensing technology and is split into a plurality of pixels, and the pixels at least comprise soil profile salinity data.
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| CN113785676A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-14 | 天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心 | Saline-alkali soil improvement system and construction method thereof |
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