CN113575006A - Method for leaching farmland salinity by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water - Google Patents
Method for leaching farmland salinity by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575006A CN113575006A CN202110711891.1A CN202110711891A CN113575006A CN 113575006 A CN113575006 A CN 113575006A CN 202110711891 A CN202110711891 A CN 202110711891A CN 113575006 A CN113575006 A CN 113575006A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for leaching farmland salt by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water, which comprises the following steps of a, arranging ultrasonic equipment in a farmland, and irrigating the brackish water to the farmland; b. and after the farmland irrigation brackish water is finished, starting ultrasonic equipment to drip wash the salt in the farmland. The ultrasonic wave acts on the irrigation saturated soil, the sound energy of the ultrasonic wave is converted into mechanical energy to act on the soil, the acceleration and the direct current generated by the ultrasonic wave are equivalent to promote water flow to diffuse into small holes of the soil, the solid-liquid contact and the liquid film thickness state are changed, the dissolution of salt in soil particles into brackish water can be accelerated, the water consumption of the brackish water irrigation farmland can be reduced, and the adverse effect of the rising of the underground water level is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to an experimental method for leaching farmland salinity by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water.
Background
The photo-thermal resource in the southern Xinjiang area is rich, and is the main production base of high-quality cotton in China. However, southern Xinjiang is one of the areas with the widest distribution area, the most salinization types and the most serious soil salinization in China, and 41.21 percent of cultivated lands in the five states of southern Xinjiang are secondary salinization lands. Meanwhile, the shortage of water resources is the 'bottleneck' of sustainable development of agriculture and social economy in the region. Therefore, how to research the improvement of the southern Xinjiang secondary saline-alkali soil and improve the water resource utilization rate and the cotton yield value has important significance for improving the southern Xinjiang agriculture and the economic sustainable development.
At present, the main method for alleviating soil salinization in southern Xinjiang is to improve secondary salinized soil under an irrigation condition by leaching, and the leaching improvement mainly has the problems of large-scale leaching by fresh water, single means, low leaching efficiency and low efficiency because when the soil is saturated, the salt on the surface of soil particles is dissolved into the soil water at a low speed due to the influence of the solid-liquid contact state and the thickness of a liquid film. In addition, most soil moisture migrates downwards from large pores only in a laminar flow state after irrigation, and the dissolution of salt in small pores of the soil is less, which is one of the reasons for relatively low leaching efficiency. And large-rated fresh water irrigation not only causes the shortage of fresh water resources in the downstream area in the southern Xinjiang Tarim oasis, but also raises the underground water level of the irrigation area, and further aggravates the secondary salinization of the soil. Although the fresh water resource of southern Xinjiang is limited, the shallow subsurface contains abundant brackish water resources, so that how to utilize the relatively sufficient brackish water resources by advanced technical means is a scientific problem worthy of research in leaching and improving the secondary saline-alkali soil under the irrigation condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for leaching farmland salt by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water, which is used for applying ultrasonic waves to a farmland with saturated irrigation water, so that the problems that in the prior art, although the farmland is irrigated by using the brackish water, the salt leaching effect in the farmland is poor, and the increase of the irrigation amount can bring adverse effects on the rise of underground water level are solved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a technical scheme that the method for leaching the salt of farmland by using the ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water comprises the following steps,
a. arranging ultrasonic equipment in the farmland, and irrigating brackish water to the farmland;
b. and after the farmland irrigation brackish water is finished, starting ultrasonic equipment to drip wash the salt in the farmland.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ultrasonic wave acts on the irrigation saturated soil, the sound energy of the ultrasonic wave is converted into mechanical energy to act on the soil, the acceleration and the direct current generated by the ultrasonic wave are equivalent to promote water flow to diffuse into small holes of the soil, the solid-liquid contact and the liquid film thickness state are changed, the dissolution of salt in soil particles into brackish water can be accelerated, the water consumption of the brackish water irrigation farmland can be reduced, and the adverse effect of the rising of the underground water level is relieved.
How further reduce the volume of watering and alleviate the adverse effect that ground water level rose, especially in the effectual salinity that reduces in the field of large tracts of land within a wide range, reduce the installation number of ultrasonic equipment, the energy saving is realized through following method:
dividing the farmland into a plurality of identical units, dividing the units according to the fact that ultrasonic waves just cover horizontally, and then carrying out the following experiments:
c. selecting the soil of any one unit as experimental soil;
d. respectively testing different ultrasonic frequencies, the embedding depth from the surface layer of the soil, the number of ultrasonic devices and the installation scheme;
e. d, recording the experimental data in the step d, and performing statistical analysis;
f. and selecting the optimal ultrasonic frequency, the embedding depth from the soil surface layer and the installation scheme to carry out farmland salinity leaching according to data statistical analysis.
Furthermore, in the step e, statistical analysis can be performed by using the change of the soil conductivity, and the optimal ultrasonic frequency, the depth from the surface layer of the soil and the installation scheme can be calculated.
Further, the ultrasonic equipment installation scheme can install more than or equal to 1 and less than 3 ultrasonic equipment in one unit.
Further, the ultrasonic equipment is installed at a distance of 30 cm to 40 cm from the surface of the soil when installed one by one, and the frequency is set to be 25 kilohertz.
Further, when two ultrasonic devices are installed, the ultrasonic devices are installed at the positions with the depths of 15 cm-20 cm and 35 cm-40 cm from the surface layer of soil, and the frequency is set to be 25 kilohertz.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of conductivity measured at different vertical distances from the earth's surface at different depths of burial in a single ultrasonic device having an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz;
FIG. 2 is a graph of conductivity measured at different vertical distances from the earth's surface at different depths of burial in a single ultrasonic device having an ultrasonic frequency of 28 kHz;
FIG. 3 is the conductivity of a single ultrasonic device at 25 kHz ultrasonic frequency measured at different vertical distances from the earth's surface at different depths of burial;
FIG. 4 is the conductivity of two ultrasonic devices at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz at different depths of burial at different vertical distances from the earth's surface;
FIG. 5 is the conductivity of two ultrasonic devices at 28 kHz ultrasonic frequency at different depths of burial at different vertical distances from the earth's surface;
FIG. 6 is the conductivity of two ultrasonic devices at different depths of burial at different vertical distances from the earth's surface at an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz;
FIG. 7 is the conductivity of three different frequency ultrasonic devices measured at different vertical distances from the earth's surface at different burial depths.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the ms/cm in the present invention is the conductivity unit: millisiemens per centimeter.
Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a method for leaching farmland salt by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water, which comprises the following steps,
a. firstly, arranging ultrasonic equipment in a farmland, irrigating brackish water in the farmland, irrigating the farmland by the irrigation quantity according to 0.8 time, 1 time and 1.2 times of investigation irrigation quota, irrigating for 3 times and irrigating for 9 times in total, and sequentially arranging irrigation until irrigation is saturated.
b. After the farmland irrigation brackish water is finished, the ultrasonic equipment is started to wash the salt in the farmland.
Xinjiang is one of the areas with the widest distribution area, the most salinization types and the most serious soil salinization in China, and 41.21 percent of cultivated lands of five states in south China are secondary salinization lands. Meanwhile, the shortage of water resources is also the bottleneck of sustainable development of agriculture and social economy in the area. And the crop root system mainly absorbs water from the humid body, and the crop root system is mostly distributed at the soil layer of 20 cm to 60 cm. The invention focuses on researching the frequency of ultrasonic waves and the arrangement of the ultrasonic waves required by soil desalination of 20 cm to 60 cm. And (b) reducing the irrigation frequency and irrigation quantity in the step (a), relieving the rise of the underground water level, achieving the effect of fully leaching salt and being beneficial to the growth of crops.
Therefore, the field in south Xinjiang is preferentially selected to be divided into a plurality of units, the units are divided according to the fact that ultrasonic waves are just covered horizontally, and soil in one unit is taken as experimental soil to perform experiments. Because the experimental soil in the invention is taken from the original soil in the field in southern Xinjiang, the data on any unit of experimental soil can represent the experimental data of the whole field.
The conductivity of the initial soil at different depths is measured before the experiment, namely the conductivity of the soil at vertical distances of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm from the surface layer of the soil before the brackish water is irrigated is respectively 2.77 ms/cm, 2.74 ms/cm, 2.78 ms/cm, 2.81 ms/cm, 2.79 ms/cm and 2.78 ms/cm. After the brackish water is irrigated, the conductivity at the positions 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm away from the surface layer of the soil vertically is 2.64 ms/cm, 2.63 ms/cm, 2.65 ms/cm, 2.64 ms/cm, 2.68 ms/cm and 2.68 ms/cm respectively. From the above data, it can be seen that the conductivity of the soil after irrigation of brackish water is only slightly reduced, and obviously the ideal growth environment for the growth of actual crops is not achieved.
Therefore, the following experiment is carried out on experimental soil to find out the optimum number of ultrasonic waves, the installation scheme, the set frequency of the ultrasonic waves and the embedding depth of the ultrasonic equipment from the surface layer of the soil, and determine the optimum soil desalting scheme. In the present invention, the optimal desalination protocol is determined using the conductivity parameters.
In the following examples of the invention, the ultrasonic power was set at 900 watts for a duration of 15 minutes.
After the brackish water irrigation is finished, a single ultrasonic device is added into the experimental soil. The ultrasonic devices are respectively installed at the positions 5 cm, 20 cm and 35 cm away from the surface of the soil, the power of the ultrasonic waves is set to be 900 watts, the duration of action is 15 minutes, the frequency is 40 kilohertz, and the electric conductivity at different vertical distances away from the surface of the soil, namely the electric conductivity at the positions 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm away from the surface of the soil are respectively measured, as shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1, when the ultrasonic device is installed at a distance of 5 cm from the soil surface, the conductivity value shows a tendency of increasing as the soil sampling depth increases, and the effect of treating salt in the soil depth becomes worse. The ultrasonic equipment is arranged at a position 35 cm away from the soil surface, the conductivity value of the soil surface layer shows a higher trend, and the effect of treating salt in the soil surface layer is poor. The ultrasonic equipment is arranged at a position 20 cm away from the soil surface, and it can be seen that the conductivity of the soil is reduced more from 5 cm to 35 cm than that of the soil without the ultrasonic equipment, and the conductivity of the whole soil is reduced more uniformly.
The ultrasonic devices were installed at vertical distances of 5 cm, 20 cm and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, respectively, the power of the ultrasonic waves was set at 900 w, the duration of the action was 15 minutes, and the frequency was 28 khz, and the electrical conductivity was measured at different vertical distances from the surface of the soil, i.e., at vertical distances of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, respectively, as shown in fig. 2.
It can be seen from fig. 2 that the ultrasonic device installed at a distance of 35 cm from the soil surface showed the fastest decrease in conductivity values throughout the soil and the best effect of treating salt in the soil depth.
The ultrasonic devices were installed at vertical distances of 5 cm, 20 cm, and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, respectively, the power of the ultrasonic waves was set at 900 watts, the duration of the action was 15 minutes, and the frequency was 25 khz, and the electrical conductivities at different vertical distances from the surface of the soil, i.e., at vertical distances of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, were measured, respectively, as shown in fig. 3.
It can be seen from fig. 3 that the ultrasonic device installed at a distance of 35 cm from the soil surface showed the fastest decrease in conductivity values throughout the soil and the best effect of treating salt in the soil depth.
By comparing the above-described fig. 1, 2 and 3, if an ultrasonic device is buried in the experimental soil, the ultrasonic device is installed at an optimum installation position at a distance of 35 cm from the soil surface, and the frequency is set to 25 khz for 15 minutes, the decrease in conductivity is at most 0.36 ms/cm, and the decrease in average conductivity per minute is also at most. S
After the brackish water irrigation is finished, two same ultrasonic devices are vertically installed in the experimental soil, the ultrasonic devices are installed at positions 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, the experiment is carried out again, the power of the ultrasonic waves is set to be 900 watts, the duration of action is 15 minutes, the frequency is 40 kilohertz, and the electric conductivity is respectively measured at different vertical distances from the soil surface, namely the electric conductivity is measured at positions 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, as shown in fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, when the ultrasonic device is installed at vertical distances of 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, the conductivity value in the whole soil is uniformly decreased, but the decrease speed is not fast.
After the brackish water irrigation is finished, two same ultrasonic devices are added into the experimental soil, the ultrasonic devices are arranged at vertical distances of 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, the power of the ultrasonic waves is set to be 900 watts, the duration of action is 15 minutes, and the frequency is 28 kilohertz, and the electric conductivity at different vertical distances from the soil surface is measured respectively, namely the electric conductivity at vertical distances of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface is measured, as shown in figure 5.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that when the ultrasonic devices are installed at vertical distances of 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the earth surface, the conductivity value in the whole soil is uniformly decreased, but the decrease speed is faster than that in fig. 4, wherein the conductivity is decreased most rapidly when the ultrasonic devices are installed at 20 cm and 35 cm.
After the brackish water irrigation is finished, two identical ultrasonic devices are added into the experimental soil, the ultrasonic devices are arranged at the positions which are respectively 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, the power of the ultrasonic waves is set to be 900 watts, the duration of action is 15 minutes, the frequency is 25 kilohertz, and the electric conductivity is respectively measured at different vertical distances from the soil surface, namely the electric conductivity is measured at the positions which are 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm from the soil surface, as shown in figure 6.
It can be seen from fig. 6 that when the ultrasonic devices are installed at vertical distances of 5 cm and 20 cm, 5 cm and 35 cm, and 20 cm and 35 cm from the earth surface, the conductivity value in the whole soil is uniformly reduced, the reduction speed is higher than that in fig. 5, when the frequency of the ultrasonic devices is set at 25 khz, two ultrasonic devices are installed, preferably at 20 cm and 35 cm, and the desalting effect is good.
After the irrigation of the brackish water was completed, three identical ultrasonic devices were added to the experimental soil, the ultrasonic devices were installed at vertical distances of 5 cm, 20 cm and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, the power of the ultrasonic waves was set at 900 watts, the duration of the ultrasonic waves was set at 15 minutes, and the decibel setting frequencies were set at 25 khz, 28 khz and 40 khz, and the electric conductivities were measured at different vertical distances from the surface of the soil, that is, at vertical distances of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm from the surface of the soil, respectively, as shown in fig. 7.
It can be seen from fig. 7 that when the ultrasonic equipment is installed at vertical distances of 5 cm, 20 cm and 35 cm from the earth surface, the conductivity values in the whole soil are uniformly reduced at 25 khz, 28 khz and 40 khz, and the reduction speed is almost the same as that of fig. 6, and when the frequency of the ultrasonic equipment is set at 25 khz, the salt removal effect is good. Two ultrasonic equipment of contrast installation and three ultrasonic equipment on experimental soil, the preferential selection installs two ultrasonic equipment and installs 20 centimetres and 35 centimetres department, and it is effectual to deviate from the salinity.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and other embodiments may be made in the present invention in addition to the above embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions of equivalents, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for leaching farmland salinity by using ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of,
a. arranging ultrasonic equipment in the farmland, and irrigating brackish water to the farmland;
b. and after the farmland irrigation brackish water is finished, starting ultrasonic equipment to drip wash the salt in the farmland.
2. The method for leaching farmland salinity by using the ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water according to claim 1, characterized in that: dividing the farmland into a plurality of identical units, dividing the units according to the fact that ultrasonic waves just cover horizontally, and then carrying out the following experiments:
c. selecting the soil of any one unit as experimental soil;
d. respectively testing different ultrasonic frequencies, the embedding depth from the surface layer of the soil, the number of ultrasonic devices and the installation scheme;
e. d, recording the experimental data in the step d, and performing statistical analysis;
f. and selecting the optimal ultrasonic frequency, the embedding depth from the soil surface layer and the ultrasonic equipment installation scheme to carry out farmland salinity leaching according to data statistical analysis.
3. The method for enhancing the salinity of the farmland with the brackish water by using the ultrasonic waves as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step e, statistical analysis can be performed by using the change of the soil conductivity, and the optimal ultrasonic frequency, the depth from the surface layer of the soil and the installation scheme are calculated.
4. The method for leaching farmland salt by using the ultrasonic wave reinforced brackish water according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the ultrasonic equipment installation scheme can install more than or equal to 1 and less than 3 ultrasonic equipment in one unit.
5. The method for leaching farmland salinity using ultrasonic enhanced brackish water according to claim 4, wherein: when the ultrasonic equipment is installed, the ultrasonic equipment is installed at a position 30-40 cm away from the surface layer of soil, and the frequency is set to be 25 kilohertz.
6. The method for leaching farmland salinity using ultrasonic enhanced brackish water according to claim 4, wherein: when two ultrasonic devices are installed, the ultrasonic devices are installed at the positions with the depths of 15 cm-20 cm and 35 cm-40 cm from the surface layer of soil, and the frequency is set to be 25 kilohertz.
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| CN115176547B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-05-10 | 塔里木大学 | Salinized soil reclamation scheme making method |
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