CN104145756B - Dry Land Orchard covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method - Google Patents
Dry Land Orchard covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Dry Land Orchard and covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field.The method rational modification film coating technique and drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall technology, part unregistered land film is replaced with black and white Double-color film, and suitable laser boring on black and white Double-color film, improve gas permeability, root water uptake fertilizer sucting ability is strengthened, improve and heat effect, fine flour is reflecting part sunlight upwards, make fruit tree surrounding soil temperature can not Yin Taigao and affect root system nutrition absorb, reduce overlay film and take off fertile situation, fertilizer efficiency is balancedly played a role lastingly, significantly enhance drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall system, cover black film in collection rain rill and on operation road respectively and collect rain sheet material to reduce seepage, reduce orchard water and soil loss and cistern silting.Covering membrane and drop irrigation method of the present invention can realize no-tillage weed eradication, reduces and manually drops into, and reduce orchard cost, increasing both production and income, impels apple and early go public, and improves orchard worker's income.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, relate to the dry-land cultivation method of a planting fruit-trees, black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall cultivation method is covered in the nonirrigated farmland relating to a kind of apple tree particularly.
Background technology
In recent years, China's apple is gradually to the eugenic district transfer of loess plateau apple, namely to western, northern transfer,, for apple production, there is soil and the labour of good ecotope, sunlight-heat reaources and abundance in these regions, but become the limiting factor of these regional development apple cultivation industries because precipitation is on the low side, particularly precipitation anniversary distribution is uneven, precipitation is few, and evaporation discharge is large, drastically influence the development of industry.For this reason, orchard greatly develops water conservation and moisture-holding measure becomes key technology, shows, takes to cover grass, overlay film at orchard, covers the clayed aluminium alloy technology such as husky, can reach the object of water saving soil moisture conservation through a large amount of practice.
Orchard overlay film has multiple benefit: the first, and mulch film can prevent soil moisture from evaporating in a large number, and preserved by the moisture of soil accumulation in summer, for the fruit tree anniversary, in general, overlay film can be economized on water over half; The second, black film has good endothermic effect, and therefore covering black film can improve ground temperature, promotes fruit tree growth; 3rd, covering black film can also keep the sun off, and under making tree, weeds are few, need not hoe up weeds; 4th, overlay film after fertilising, can improve soil, prevent fertility to run off, and improves utilization rate of fertilizer; 5th, covering with plastic film can effectively prevent and isolated heart-eating worm, chafer, the first-class insect of big gourdshaped weevil survive the winter with entering, and has positive effect to minimizing sick worm in the coming year.Overlay film generally carries out in spring or autumn, and before spring, soil thawed, surface layer has gathered soil rising in winter aqueous vapor, and its water content is more, catch this optimistic time, carries out top icepro and topdresses and overlay film.Film Mulching in Autumn is just catching up with fruit tree root system third time summit of growth, now covering with plastic film, the effect shown most can delay ground temperature to decline, drought-resistant moisture-preserving, extends the vegetative activity phase of root system, obviously increases the new radical of fruit tree, autumn basal dressing effect also can be improved after overlay film, promote microbial activities, increase the available nutrient of soil, be conducive to the nutrient accumulation in fruit tree later stage.Film Mulching in Autumn, generally after late September has executed base manure to early winter, is taken advantage of and is watered or overlay film after rain.Before overlay film, should first branches and leaves, weeds, rubble under tree crown be cleaned out, it is thin that soil block harrows broken rake, make smooth in high outer low Gansu Province shape, make film close proximity to ground during overlay film, then use fine earth compacting, with Anti-blow-open.Note emptyly around trunks of fruit trees opening certain distance, and real by soil pressure, prevent hot gas burn trunk under film.Want diligent inspection at ordinary times, especially strong wind Sometimes When It Rains, in case mulch film is damaged, affects coverage effect.At in the ranks mulch film edge, excavate wide, dark about 30 centimeters ditch, and in ditch, cover grass, to collect unnecessary rainwater and to save.
A kind of apple ridging disclosed in patent of invention CN101032212 is covered black film culture technique and be have employed ridging, irrigation ditch, work road, overlay film step, to play the effect of water saving soil moisture conservation.
, there is following defect: the first in the plastic-film-covered cultivation technology that prior art is disclosed is mainly cover layer with unregistered land film, unregistered land film because of high temperature easily aging, the common black plastic mulching time only has about 80 days; The second, poor air permeability, due to root respiration, the CO2 too high levels produced in soil under film, is unfavorable for fruit tree growth; 3rd, heat effect slightly poor, though cover the profit that black film has weeding, heat absorption heats up too fast, causes fruit tree surrounding soil temperature too high, and while affecting the absorption of root system fertilizer efficiency, self accelerates decomposition; 4th, contaminated air, due to the air in the pernicious gas contaminated soils such as root respiration, the release of mulch film decomposes Cl2, CO2, can not discharge in time, fresh air can not enter soil, affects root water uptake, fertilizer sucting ability, thus affects fruit tree growth; 5th, comparatively easily de-fertile, due to the pyrolytic along with mulch film, fertilizer part nutrient releasing speed is too fast, and later stage nutrient supply is not enough, the easy fertilizer deficiency early ageing of fruit tree.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Dry Land Orchard and covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, and the method can be economized on water soil moisture conservation, significantly improves water and fertilizer utilization, energy increasing both production and income, impel the listing of apple precocity, seize market, improve orchard worker's income.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Dry Land Orchard covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, comprises following concrete steps:
(1) ridging: ditching ridging before frozen soil melts, pick clean weeds fallen leaves before ridging, break up the clods, harrow petty leveling, around trunk, 3 ~ 5cm place does not add native ridging, 1.0 ~ 1.2m edge, tree crown both sides soil is overlying on tree interline, makes tree row become ridge, identity distance trunk place, ridge is high, peripheral low, in an inclined-plane, be 10 ~ 15cm apart from trunk place height, the ridge gradient 5 ° ~ 10 °;
(2) ditch: apart from trunk 5 ~ 7cm place, on ridge, shallow ridges is opened as drip irrigation pipe road along tree line direction, annular fertilization hole is dug respectively centered by every trunk, the distance of fertilising Keng He center trunk is 1.0 ~ 1.2m, its degree of depth is 15 ~ 20cm, width is 3-5cm, pastes fertilising hole outer rim, digs wide, to be deeply respectively 15 ~ 20cm, 10 ~ 12cm collection rain rill along tree line direction;
(3) overlay film: lay drip irrigation pipe road, fill and lead up with soil after imposing special apple tree fertilizer in fertilising hole, ridge, trunk both sides is respectively covered a black and white dichroic micropore mulch film, white is towards upper, bedding unregistered land film in collection rain rill, two kinds of films are evened up directly, not shrinkage, film surrounding that is middle and film is real by soil pressure, make mulch film and soil close contact, and every native horizontal pressure one strap of 2m on film, prevent the winter, spring wind blow away mulch film greatly, level land between two Neighbor Set rain rills is laid collection rain sheet material, as operation road.
Described drip irrigation pipe road, comparatively lacks area at irrigation water and rainwater, only can be laid on the same side of tree row, with soil moisture conservation of economizing on water.
Described fertilising hole can scrape out bar shaped fertilising hole, namely apart from trunk 1.0 ~ 1.2m, along tree line direction, digs the degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm, bar shaped hole that width is 3-5cm, can save labour, conveniently topdress.
It is U-shaped, the form such as V-type, Qian type that described collection rain rill can scrape out cross section, preferred U-shaped opening.
Described black and white dichroic micropore mulch film be black and white mulch film before covering, with laser boring, by 300 ~ 500 holes/m
2standard, during covering white towards upper, black flour is downward.
The thickness of described unregistered land film is 0.07mm, covers and completely collects after rain rill, and both sides are each Yu 3 ~ 5cm, and under being pressed on black and white dichroic micropore mulch film, another side is pressed on and collects below rain sheet material.
Described operation road flattens before laying collection rain sheet material, and both sides are slightly low, and centre is slightly high, and be beneficial to rainwater and flow in collection rain rill, its width is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
Described collection rain rill all crosses at tree row end, is communicated with cistern, and cistern is connected with drip irrigation system by filter-press equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention is in conjunction with film coating technique and drip irrigation technique, soil moisture conservation of can effectively economizing on water, and reduces transpiration, alleviates the pressure of Dry Land Orchard shortage of water resources;
(2) compared with prior art, the present invention improves covering membrane and drop irrigation technology, part unregistered land film is replaced with black and white Double-color film, and suitable laser boring on black and white Double-color film, improve gas permeability, root water uptake fertilizer sucting ability is strengthened, improve and heat effect, fine flour is reflecting part sunlight upwards, make fruit tree surrounding soil temperature can not Yin Taigao and affect root system nutrition absorb, reduce overlay film and take off fertile situation, fertilizer efficiency is balancedly played a role lastingly, significantly enhance drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall system, cover black film in collection rain rill and on operation road respectively and collect rain sheet material to reduce seepage, reduce orchard water and soil loss and cistern silting.
(3) covering membrane and drop irrigation method of the present invention can realize no-tillage weed eradication, reduces and manually drops into, and reduce orchard cost, increasing both production and income, impels apple and early go public, seizing market, improves orchard worker's income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Dry Land Orchard overlay film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method implementation result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment
Implement water-saving fertilizer-preserving high-yield culture technique in Jingning County, Gansu Province rich agriculture and animal husbandry fruits and vegetables Science and Technology Ltd. apple test garden, concrete grammar is as follows:
Ditching ridging before frozen soil melts, pick clean weeds fallen leaves before ridging, break up the clods, harrow petty leveling, around trunk, 4cm place does not add native ridging, 1.2m edge, tree crown both sides soil is overlying on tree interline, makes tree row become ridge, identity distance trunk place, ridge is high, peripheral low, in an inclined-plane, be 15cm apart from trunk place height, the ridge gradient 10 °; Apart from trunk 7cm place, on ridge, shallow ridges is opened as drip irrigation pipe road along tree line direction, annular fertilization hole is dug respectively centered by every trunk, the distance of fertilising Keng He center trunk is 1.1m, its degree of depth is 20cm, width is 4cm, pastes fertilising hole outer rim, digs wide, to be deeply respectively 20cm, 12cm U-shaped collection rain rill along tree line direction; Lay drip irrigation pipe road, fill and lead up with soil after imposing special apple tree fertilizer in fertilising hole, ridge, trunk both sides is respectively covered the black and white dichroic micropore mulch film of a laser boring in advance, white is towards upper, bedding unregistered land film in collection rain rill, two kinds of films are evened up directly, not shrinkage, film surrounding that is middle and film is real by soil pressure, make mulch film and soil close contact, and every native horizontal pressure one strap of 2m on film, prevent the winter, spring wind blow away mulch film greatly, level land between two Neighbor Set rain rills is laid collection rain plate, as operation road.
In the present embodiment, the punching standard of black and white dichroic micropore mulch film is 400 holes/m
2; Unregistered land film thickness is 0.07mm, and width is 50cm;
In the present embodiment, the actual tree line space in apple orchard is 300 ± 10cm.
Result of implementation:
Compare with adjacent clear orchard of ploughing, locality, clear cultivated orchard not covering with plastic film, the covering membrane and drop irrigation method that mensuration above-described embodiment adopts is to the influence power in orchard:
A. on the impact of soil moisture content
Early July, find determining soil moisture, clear cultivated rhizosphere district, orchard soil moisture content is 10.77%, and rhizosphere district, the orchard soil moisture content that embodiment covers black and white dichroic micropore film is 16.82%.
B. on the impact of soil moisture content seasonal variation
Selection fine day, cloudy day measure respectively to ground temperature diurnal variation, and covering black and white dichroic micropore film can significantly improve ground temperature, and the change of fine day ground temperature is acutely more cloudy.Before rudiment, late Febuary ~ fine day mid-April time, overlay film 5 ~ 25cm soil layer mean temperature is 12.57 DEG C, comparatively contrasts high by 18.35%; During the cloudy day, the mean ground temperature under overlay film is 8.25 DEG C, comparatively contrasts high by 19.32%; 4 ~ July, ground temperature raised gradually along with the temperature rises, ground temperature average out to 22.46 DEG C under fine day film, higher by 7.58% than contrast, during the cloudy day, ground temperature average out to 18.86 DEG C under film, overlay film impels ground temperature rising in early spring, new root occurs early, to be conducive to moisture, nutrient absorbs in time, the rudiment of supply overground part, bloom needed for exhibition leaf, in addition, improve ground temperature make soil microbial activity vigorous, for root system growth and absorb nutrient create local environment.
C. ground black and white dichroic micropore film covers the impact of evaporating between strain
Investigation finds that plastic mulching can reduce evaporation discharge between the strain of orchard, wherein April ~ June is by the impact that rainfall is few and temperature is lower, between strain, evaporation discharge is low, 0.618mm/d is evaporated between contrast strain, overlay film 0.192mm/d, at arid season, reduce the principal mode that evaporation from land surface is water conservation, the soil moisture conservation of overlay film is better; In June ~ August, rainfall increases, and higher soil moisture content and temperature add evaporation discharge between strain, and between contrast strain, evaporation discharge is increased to 2.107mm/d by 0.826mm/d, higher than overlay film by 283.9%; Evaporate between different disposal strain September and slightly reduce; In 4 ~ September, between the per day strain of overlay film, evaporation discharge is only 24.36% of contrast, effectively can alleviate the water deficient problem in orchard, drought-hit area.
D. ground black and white dichroic micropore film covers the impact on fruit tree shoot length
Overlay film orchard, ground shoot length average out to 26.1cm, blinds is heavily 111.3g, and respectively than contrast high 191.7% and 118.4%, and leaf look dark green, and tree vigo(u)r is prosperous.
E. ground black and white dichroic micropore film covers the impact on output of the fruit tree and quality
Ground black and white dichroic micropore film covers orchard 80mm fruit rate more than 78.2%, and contrast garden 80mm fruit rate is about 42.8%, and when fruit number is constant, per mu yield can improve more than 35%; Soluble solid content average out to 15.4%, contrast is 13.8%.
Comprehensive said determination found that, apple orchard ridging covers black and white dichroic micropore film can improve fruit tree rhizosphere district soil moisture content, the soil temperature of 5 ~ 10cm soil temperature raising in April 2 ~ 3 DEG C, 10 ~ 20cm improves 1 ~ 2 DEG C, 4 ~ September, orchard soil average evaporation capacity significantly reduced, shoot length and blinds heavily increase, fruit more than transverse diameter 80mm fruit number significantly improves, individual plant and average yield per mu improve, and soluble solid content improves, and can alleviate apple sapling stripping rate.
Therefore, orchard high ridge covers black and white dichroic micropore film, useful storage can preserve soil moisture, improves ground temperature, fertilizer conservation water conservation, improve fruit tree growth amount; Can moisture be retained, increase yield, improve fruit quality; Effectively utilize invalid rainfall, improve rainwater use efficiency; Concentrate rich water, using water wisely, improve rich water availability; No-tillage weed eradication, reduces and manually drops into, and reduces orchard cost; Tree body moisture can be increased, prevention fruit tree stripping,
Wideling popularize application high ridge in dry farming apple production district and cover black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall technology, is the effective measures improving orchard management level and quality and benifit.
Claims (8)
1. Dry Land Orchard covers a black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
(1) ridging: ditching ridging before frozen soil melts, pick clean weeds fallen leaves before ridging, break up the clods, harrow petty leveling, around trunk, 3 ~ 5cm place does not add native ridging, 1.0 ~ 1.2m edge, tree crown both sides soil is overlying on tree interline, makes tree row become ridge, identity distance trunk place, ridge is high, peripheral low, in an inclined-plane, be 10 ~ 15cm apart from trunk place height, the ridge gradient 5 ° ~ 10 °;
(2) ditch: apart from trunk 5 ~ 7cm place, on ridge, shallow ridges is opened as drip irrigation pipe road along tree line direction, annular fertilization hole is dug respectively centered by every trunk, the distance of fertilising Keng He center trunk is 1.0 ~ 1.2m, its degree of depth is 15 ~ 20cm, width is 3-5cm, pastes fertilising hole outer rim, digs wide, to be deeply respectively 15 ~ 20cm, 10 ~ 12cm collection rain rill along tree line direction;
(3) overlay film: lay drip irrigation pipe road, fill and lead up with soil after imposing special apple tree fertilizer in fertilising hole, ridge, trunk both sides is respectively covered a black and white dichroic micropore mulch film, white is towards upper, bedding unregistered land film in collection rain rill, two kinds of films are evened up directly, not shrinkage, film surrounding that is middle and film is real by soil pressure, make mulch film and soil close contact, and every native horizontal pressure one strap of 2m on film, prevent the winter, spring wind blow away mulch film greatly, level land between two Neighbor Set rain rills is laid collection rain sheet material, as operation road.
2. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: described drip irrigation pipe road, comparatively lacks area at irrigation water and rainwater, is only laid on the same side of tree row.
3. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: described fertilising hole scrapes out bar shaped fertilising hole, namely apart from trunk 1.0 ~ 1.2m, along tree line direction, the degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm is dug, bar shaped hole that width is 3-5cm.
4. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: it is U-shaped, V-type, Qian type form that described collection rain rill scrapes out cross section.
5. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: described black and white dichroic micropore mulch film be black and white mulch film before covering, with laser boring, by 300 ~ 500 holes/m
2standard.
6. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described unregistered land film is 0.07mm, cover after completely collecting rain rill, both sides are each Yus 3 ~ 5cm, while under being pressed on black and white dichroic micropore mulch film, another side is pressed on below collection rain sheet material.
7. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: described operation road flattens before laying collection rain sheet material, and both sides are slightly low, and centre is slightly high, be beneficial to rainwater flow in collection rain rill, its width is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
8. a kind of Dry Land Orchard as claimed in claim 1 covers black and white dichroic micropore film drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall method, it is characterized in that: described collection rain rill all crosses at tree row end, is communicated with cistern, and cistern is connected with drip irrigation system by filter-press equipment.
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| CN104770253A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 刘朝斌 | Method for storing fertilizer and water in holes by film coverage |
| CN105638357A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 王虎琴 | Tea garden free of weeding and plowing |
| CN106550855A (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2017-04-05 | 殷振迪 | Trees in Arid Areas air water-intaking drip irrigation appliance |
| WO2017193155A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Trenchard Douglas Michael | A solar reactive mulch film |
| CN106134933A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-23 | 姜谧 | Trees drip irrigation moisturizing device |
| CN109952850A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 京蓝沐禾节水装备有限公司 | Drip irrigation pipe arrangement under a kind of black anti-grass cloth |
| CN108293703A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-07-20 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | A kind of anti-grass heat preservation cultural method of water-fertilizer integral |
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
| CN110833008A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2020-02-25 | 海南师范大学 | Planting opening covering structure and method of high-ridge mulching film |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
| CN112020929A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-04 | 刘利嘉 | Improved sandy soil structure convenient for crop irrigation |
| CN113133402A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-07-20 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Method for soil preparation, rainwater collection and separate transportation and transfer to deep soil layer in arid orchard |
| CN113419047B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | 中国农业大学 | Method for measuring soil respiration of film-covered corn field |
| CN114431118A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-06 | 塔里木大学 | Trunk fruiting type orchard drip irrigation pipe laying method |
| CN114651703B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-03-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization method and system and orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system |
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| US7516573B1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2009-04-14 | David Michael Glenn | Method for reducing freeze and chill damage in plants |
| CN101032212A (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2007-09-12 | 杨聚德 | Method of growing apple trees by earthing up the trees and covering black film |
| CN101904241B (en) * | 2010-07-11 | 2011-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Local optimization root fertilizing method for apples |
| CN102742475A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | Plant disease classification prevention method |
| CN102948354A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-06 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for planting fruit trees in sloping fields |
| KR200468550Y1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-08-22 | 이분금 | And acceptance of the sunlight reflection sheet |
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