CN114651703B

CN114651703B - Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization method and system and orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system

Info

Publication number: CN114651703B
Application number: CN202210354681.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋小林; 赵西宁; 马锋旺; 高晓东; 蔡耀辉; 石雨峰; 张宇飞; 倪文乐; 李昌见; 邹养军
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2022-04-06
Filing date: 2022-04-06
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-06
Also published as: WO2023193490A1; CN114651703A

Abstract

The invention relates to an orchard precipitation, accumulation, permeation, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method, an orchard precipitation, accumulation, permeation, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system and an orchard intelligent recharge system in the technical field of forestry engineering. The invention realizes the full root area conversion utilization of fruit tree in rainy season, and simultaneously improves the soil moisture content and organic matter content in the root system range of the fruit tree and greatly improves the water storage and moisture retention performance of the soil through the slow decomposition and fermentation action of agricultural waste resources filled in the shallow root area and the middle-deep root area of the fruit tree, and simultaneously forms an n-shaped water retention and carbon increase protective cover for the root area of the orchard through the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the water retention and permeation promotion organic fermentation filling bodies positioned in the rain collection ditch on two sides, and the slow decomposition of the organic material can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the root of the fruit tree, save energy, reduce consumption and reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers to the soil.

Description

Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization method and system and orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forestry engineering, in particular to a rainfall accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture preservation and recarburization method and system for an orchard and an intelligent orchard recharging system thereof, and particularly relates to a rainfall accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture preservation and recarburization method and system for a hilly dwarf close-planted orchard and an intelligent orchard recharging system thereof.

Background

The loess plateau is a world apple eugenic zone identified by grain and agriculture organization of the United nations and is also the largest apple centralized continuous planting zone in the world. By 2021, the planting area of apples in the whole country is expected to be 3132.12 ten thousand mu, only the planting area of the loess plateau dominant region is expected to reach 1830.42 ten thousand mu, and the apple planting is the leading industry of regional economic development. However, with the further expansion of planting scale and the increase of planting years, the problems of seasonal drought water shortage, poor soil water storage and preservation capability, soil impoverishment and the like faced by the existing apple orchard are main barrier factors causing low yield, low quality and fragile ecology of dry farming orchards in loess plateau areas.

Atmospheric precipitation is used as a main source for soil moisture supplement in the area, so that on-site impoundment and infiltration utilization of rainfall is realized, regulation and utilization of soil moisture are enhanced, and the method is an effective way for solving the drought and water shortage problem in the area and promoting agricultural development in the arid area. The intensive and large-scale orchard has the conditions for implementing water-saving irrigation measures, and if the fruit trees are irrigated in a rated manner according to the water habitat conditions of the root regions of the fruit trees and the water demand characteristics of the fruit trees in each growth period on the premise of fully utilizing natural rainfall, the efficient conversion and utilization of rainfall resources and the advantage superposition of water saving in dry farming can be realized, and the effect of ' 1' < ' > 1' >2 ' is achieved. Agricultural organic waste is a valuable biomass resource for soil quality improvement, so that the agricultural organic solid waste in the loess plateau area is recycled on site and utilized as resources, the transportation cost of the agricultural waste resource is reduced, the waste of the resource is prevented, and the soil water storage and soil moisture preservation capability and the soil quality are synchronously improved.

According to investigation, part of intensive and large-scale orchards in the prior art adopt technical measures with certain irrigation conditions, but the following main problems still exist:

one of them, most only simply carry out the collection of rainwater through collection rain gutter or collection rain face, recycle, its scale is very little, for example, chinese utility model patent publication is CN209162931U, and it discloses an orchard rainwater recovery storage system, includes: the orchard garden water collecting tank comprises a water collecting tank, a water delivery pipeline and a plurality of drainage ditches, wherein the drainage ditches are laid in the orchard, and the drainage ditches are connected with the water collecting tank through the water delivery pipeline. The utility model discloses a patent technique is only to utilize a rain gutter to carry out the collection of rainwater, has realized that small size orchard rainwater is stored and cyclic utilization, and is the same with the principle of collection rain cellar for storing things, and does not realize that the normal position of precipitation blocks on the spot and holds infiltration utilization purpose. The utility model discloses a patent technique implements the pit that needs to excavate more depositing the catchment jar in the intensification orchard, and its engineering scale, destructiveness and cost drop into all great.

Secondly, the development of the water storage and moisture retention capacity of the soil is insufficient, the recycling effect of the local agricultural organic solid wastes is not fully exerted, and the water retention and infiltration promotion capacity of the soil is improved by the organic fertilizer. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN104145557A discloses a method for collecting rain and preserving soil moisture for apple trees in dry land, which comprises: fertilization and soil preparation, row-scribing ridging tectorial membrane or whole garden tectorial membrane, excavation collection rain ditch, collection rain ditch in with the inter-row cover grass, its characterized in that: before fertilizing and preparing land, also includes soil treatment, 0.5 kg of 40% phoxim emulsifiable is added into 30 kg of composite fine sandy soil per mu, and the mixture is mixed into composite toxic soil for spreading. The main contribution of the invention patent technology lies in the prevention and control of soil pests, and has certain benefits for improving the soil fertility, but the water retention and seepage promotion performance of the soil cannot be improved. For another example, chinese patent publication No. CN 1026569887B discloses a method for supplementing water and fertilizer to orchard by using biogas slurry, which comprises soaking water and fertilizer storage materials in biogas slurry generated in biogas engineering, burying the water and fertilizer storage materials soaked with sufficient biogas slurry in the root enrichment area of fruit trees, and irrigating biogas slurry at proper time to achieve the effects of storing fertilizer water in holes and slowly supplying water and fertilizer. When the fruit trees fall off and land is changed in a garden or in spring, the water and fertilizer storage materials buried in the fruit trees in the last year can be turned out and mixed with soil covering and other fertilizers to be used as base fertilizers for the fruit garden. Although the technology can relieve the shortage problem of water and fertilizer supply in the orchard to a certain extent and effectively improve the soil quality in the orchard, the utilization rate of waste gas crops is low, soil turning is required every year, and the matching of a methane tank is also required, so that the technology is complicated and has high cost.

Thirdly, the combination degree of the agricultural water-saving measures and the water-saving irrigation engineering measures is not enough, the effect of achieving twice the result with half the effort can be achieved by combining the dry farming water saving and the agricultural water saving, and the importance of the combination of the two measures is more and more accepted by people. For example, chinese utility model patent publication No. CN202663896U discloses a mobile drip irrigation machine, which comprises a water storage device, a mobile header and a drip irrigation main body, wherein the water storage device, the mobile header and the drip irrigation main body are sequentially connected in a sealing manner. The utility model discloses a patent technique mainly used does not have the local implementation at fixed water source between the field and drips irrigation the operation, nevertheless because drip irrigation and go on orchard soil through, has water evaporation, loss scheduling problem, and irrigation efficiency is not good. Therefore, a management mode of water conservation, efficiency enhancement, integration and continuous safety is searched, and the method is an effective way for promoting the apple production and ecological cooperative promotion in the region. The full and effective utilization of rainfall resources, the improvement and improvement of soil water storage and preservation performance, the improvement of soil fertility and the like in the orchard planting industry in the loess plateau area remain important focus of national and local governments and research and development projects.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an orchard precipitation storage, infiltration promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method and system and an orchard intelligent recharging system.

The orchard precipitation storage, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s1, leveling land, and determining excavation positions of rain collecting ditches on two sides of a fruit tree row;

s2, paving an organic material filling layer in the ridge: paving organic substances with the thickness of 3-10 cm on the land between the rain collecting ditches preset on two sides of the fruit tree rows, uniformly spraying 1% -2% lime water solution on the organic substances, airing for 0.5-1 hour, then carrying out exposure sterilization treatment for 3-5 hours, and finally spraying mixed bacteria liquid to form an organic material filling layer in the ridge, wherein the organic substances in the organic material filling layer in the ridge are one or a mixture of multiple substances of crushed straw, crushed branch, sawdust and medicine residues;

s3, opening a rain collecting ditch: digging and ditching at the position determined in the step S1 by using a machine-driven ditcher to form the rain collecting ditches with preset depth and width, tamping the bottoms of the rain collecting ditches, turning and placing excavated earthwork on the organic material filling layers in the ridges, and forming one rain collecting ditch which is parallel to each other on two sides of each row of fruit trees;

s4, excavating a flow guide vertical shaft: digging flow guide vertical shafts forming a barrel-shaped structure downwards from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch, wherein a plurality of flow guide vertical shafts are arranged in each rain collecting ditch at intervals;

s5, filling fermentation filler: filling fermentation fillers in the diversion vertical shaft, wherein the fermentation fillers are bundles of fruit tree branches or corn straws sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid;

s6, installing a seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe: installing seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes in each rainwater-collecting ditch in a splicing mode, wherein the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes are hollow cylinders, partial pipe bodies of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes are embedded into the bottom of the rainwater-collecting ditch, the part, contacting with the bottom of the rainwater-collecting ditch, of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes is not provided with pores, pipe bodies positioned on the bottom surface of the rainwater-collecting ditch are provided with pores, the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes are provided with notches, the notches are positioned on openings of a flow guide vertical shaft, and the water flowing into the pipe bodies of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes through the pores is drained into the flow guide vertical shaft;

s7, paving a water-retention and permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body: paving a water-retention and permeation-promotion organic fermentation filling body in each rain collecting ditch, wherein the water-retention and permeation-promotion organic fermentation filling body comprises a substrate layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a medicine residue and sawdust straw mixing layer, an orchard soil layer and a straw layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the substrate layer is arranged on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch;

the basal layer takes a fruit tree branch as a framework, sawdust, medicine residues, dry livestock and poultry manure and a garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture are filled on the fruit tree branch, then 1% -2% lime water solution is sprayed on the fruit tree branch, the fruit tree branch is aired for a preset time, and then mixed bacteria liquid is sprayed on the fruit tree branch to form the basal layer;

the medicine residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer is formed by uniformly spraying a mixture of medicine residue, sawdust and straw with 1-2% lime water solution, airing for a preset time and then uniformly spraying mixed bacteria liquid;

s8, paving ridges: covering the earthwork excavated in the step S2 by the earthwork excavated in the rain collecting ditch on the organic material filling layer in the ridge along the row direction of the fruit trees by taking the trunk as a central line, and ridging to form an arc-shaped ridge with a high middle and low two sides;

s9, covering ground fabric: and selecting a relatively dry time period of the non-dew ground surface in sunny days, covering a ground fabric on the ridge-shaped structure, and enabling the edges of the ground fabric on the two sides of the ridge-shaped structure to respectively enter the rain collecting ditches on the two sides and be fixed.

In some embodiments, the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5-10 parts of bacillus coagulans, wherein the mixed bacterial liquid is used for disinfection and fermentation decomposition of organic substances.

In some embodiments, in step S4, the flow guiding shafts are formed on both sides of each fruit tree, and a connection line of central points of the flow guiding shafts on both sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the row of fruit trees.

In some embodiments, in step S7, the volume ratio of the sawdust, the herb residue, the dry livestock manure and the garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture in the basal layer is 4.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises step S10: and planting beneficial intercrops in a drilling or broadcasting manner between adjacent fruit tree rows, wherein the beneficial intercrops are wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, wild pea, pepper or fennel.

The invention also provides an orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system which is formed according to the orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method and comprises a shallow layer infiltration subsystem, an accumulation permeation promotion subsystem and a deep layer flow guide subsystem;

the shallow infiltration subsystem comprises a ground fabric, ridge ridges and an in-ridge organic material filling layer, wherein the ridge ridges are arc-shaped ridge ridges formed by taking tree trunks as central lines along the tree row direction, the ridge ridges cover the in-ridge organic material filling layer, and the ground fabric covers the ridge ridges;

the storage and seepage-promoting subsystem comprises rain collecting ditches and water retention and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies, wherein one rain collecting ditch is arranged on each side of each fruit tree row, the bottom of each rain collecting ditch is tamped, the water retention and seepage-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies are arranged in the rain collecting ditches, and the edges of the ground cloth extend to the side walls of the rain collecting ditches and are fixed;

the deep diversion subsystem comprises a plurality of seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes and a diversion vertical shaft, wherein the diversion vertical shaft is dug downwards from the bottom surface of the rainwater collection ditch to form a cylindrical structure, the diversion vertical shafts are arranged at intervals, the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes are arranged along the axis of the bottom surface of the rainwater collection ditch in a splicing mode, and are provided with notches, and the notches are positioned above the diversion vertical shaft and are used for draining water in the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes into the diversion vertical shaft;

the rainwater is followed it converges to lay the surface infiltrate extremely in the time of gathering in the rain ditch in the ridge in the organic material filling layer, the rainwater fermentation that the organic material filling layer utilized the infiltration forms the absorbed material and supplies fruit tree shallow root system to absorb, guarantor's water promotes oozes organic fermentation obturator and utilizes rainwater fermentation in the rain ditch of gathering forms the absorbed material and supplies fruit tree middle level and deep root system to absorb, excessive moisture passes through in the rain ditch of gathering promotes oozing the drainage blind pipe and flows in the water conservancy diversion shaft, through the water conservancy diversion shaft replenishes unnecessary moisture to deep soil reservoir.

In some embodiments, the ridge height difference is 10-15 cm, and the ridge width is 80-120 cm.

In some embodiments, the distance between the rain collecting ditches and the fruit tree row is 60-100 cm, the depth of the rain collecting ditches is 30-50 cm, and the width of the rain collecting ditches is 15-30 cm.

In some embodiments, the infiltration-promoting waterlogging-draining blind pipe comprises a first half pipe and a second half pipe, the first half pipe and the second half pipe are integrally formed into a cylindrical structure in a vertically spliced mode, the first half pipe is a pipe body with a hole, the hole is used for enabling rainwater to flow into the infiltration-promoting waterlogging-draining blind pipe, the second half pipe is a non-hole pipe body, the second half pipe is provided with a notch, the second half pipe is embedded in the bottom of the rainwater-collecting ditch, and the outer surface of the first half pipe is in contact with the substrate layer;

rainwater in the rainwater collection ditch flows into the cavity of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe through the hole and flows redundant rainwater into the diversion shaft through the notch.

In some embodiments, the infiltration-promoting and water-logging-draining cul de sac is prepared by the following method: mixing clay and fruit tree branch biochar to form a mixed matrix, uniformly mixing one part of the mixed matrix with sawdust or grass clippings, spraying a proper amount of silica sol, stirring, mould-pressing to form a blank of the first half pipe, stirring, mould-pressing the other part of the mixed matrix to form a blank of the second half pipe, adhering the blank of the first half pipe and the blank of the second half pipe into a hollow blank by using clay, drying in the shade, and firing at high temperature to form the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipe.

In some embodiments, the first half-tube has a porosity of 50% to 80% and the pores have an average diameter of 10 to 100 μm.

In some embodiments, further comprising an intercropping subsystem formed by planting a beneficial intercrop between the shallow infiltration subsystems in a drill or broadcast manner, the beneficial intercrop being wheat, canola, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, wild pea, chili, or fennel.

The invention also provides an intelligent orchard recharging system, which adopts the orchard rainfall accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system and further comprises a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem;

the soil moisture content detection subsystem comprises a data collector and a soil moisture sensor, the soil moisture sensor is arranged in soil extending to the direction of the fruit tree for a preset distance from the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch, and the soil moisture sensor collects soil moisture content information of the root of the fruit tree and transmits the soil moisture content information to the data collector;

the control subsystem is provided with a data conversion device, and the data conversion device determines irrigation times, irrigation quota and irrigation quota of different growth periods according to the soil moisture content information of the roots of the fruit trees, the target yield of the fruit trees, the water demand law of the fruit trees in each growth period and the average rainfall condition of multiple months;

the irrigation subsystem comprises a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe, the water pump works according to the instruction of the control subsystem, the water pump is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe through the pipeline, and the drip irrigation pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch and is positioned at the ditch opening of the rain collecting ditch.

In some embodiments, the soil moisture sensor is provided with a plurality of layers spaced up and down in a depth direction of the rain collecting gutter.

In some embodiments, the soil moisture detection subsystem further comprises a solar panel that provides power to the data collector and the soil moisture sensor.

In some embodiments, when the data collector collects that the water content of the soil in the root area of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water amount, the control subsystem controls the irrigation subsystem to irrigate, and when the data collector collects that the water content of the soil in the root area of the fruit tree is higher than 80%, the irrigation subsystem stops operating.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention realizes the whole root area conversion utilization of fruit tree in-row rainfall convergence, accumulation, shallow infiltration, deep infiltration and redistribution in the rainy season orchard, and simultaneously improves the water content and organic matter content of the soil in the root system range of the fruit trees and greatly improves the water storage and soil moisture conservation performance of the soil through the slow decomposition fermentation action of agricultural waste resources filled in the shallow root area and the middle-deep root area of the fruit trees.

2. According to the invention, through the organic material filling layer in the ridge and the water-retention and infiltration-promotion organic fermentation filling bodies on two sides and positioned in the rain collecting ditch, an n-shaped water-retention and carburization protection cover is formed for the root area of the orchard, under the synergistic action of water and fertilizer, the effects of water storage and soil moisture conservation, soil temperature increase, soil structure adjustment and improvement and rapid carbon and fertilizer increasing and cultivation of soil in the root area of the shallow layer and the deep layer are realized, and the slow decomposition of the organic materials can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the root of the fruit tree, so that the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the pollution of the fertilizer to the soil is reduced.

3. The invention forms the infiltration-promoting waterlogging-draining blind pipe by sintering the organic material, avoids the pollution to the soil, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

4. Beneficial crops are planted among the fruit tree rows, and the beneficial intercropping subsystem is added in the system, so that the economic benefit of the orchard rows is improved, the desertification of water and soil in the orchard rows is avoided, and the loss of water is reduced.

5. The intelligent orchard compensation system formed by the embodiment of the invention takes a rainfall accumulation permeation-promoting and deep layer flow-guiding system for efficient conversion of rainwater resources as a basic platform, adopts the double-row pithead covering shallow-buried intelligent compensation irrigation system to timely and accurately regulate and control the water habitat of the root area of the fruit tree, realizes the optimization and cooperation of orchard rainfall resources and irrigation water resources, realizes the conversion and utilization of the whole root area of rainfall accumulation-shallow layer infiltration-deep layer infiltration-redistribution of the fruit tree in the orchard in rainy season, and also realizes the timely and accurate regulation and control of the water habitat of the root area of the fruit tree in the arid and water deficient season.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the orchard precipitation, storage, infiltration, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a surface soaking view of each row of fruit trees in the orchard rainfall accumulation, permeation promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a drainage blind pipe for promoting infiltration and draining stagnant water according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rain gutter structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of the intelligent orchard recharging system;

FIG. 6 is a comparative graph of experimental data according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an orchard precipitation storage, infiltration promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization method, as shown in fig. 1-6, which comprises the following steps:

s1, land leveling is carried out, and the digging positions of rain collecting ditches 201 on two sides of a fruit tree row are determined. The distance between the rain collecting ditch 201 on each side and the row of the fruit trees is controlled to be 60-100 cm, the ditching distance of deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears is generally 80-100 cm, and the ditching distance of shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwi fruits is generally 60-80 cm.

S2, paving an organic material filling layer in the ridge: laying organic substances with the thickness of 3-10 cm on the land between rain collecting ditches 201 preset on two sides of a fruit tree row, wherein the organic substances are one or a mixture of more of crushed straw, crushed branch, sawdust and medicine dregs, then uniformly spraying 1-2% lime water solution on the organic substances, airing for 0.5 hour, then exposing for sterilization for 3-5 hours, and finally spraying mixed bacteria liquid to form an organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. The mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5-10 parts of bacillus coagulans. The organic substances are fermented and decomposed after absorbing certain moisture through the mixed bacteria liquid, so that the water storage and soil moisture preservation performance of soil is improved, and meanwhile, water and fertilizer are slowly provided for shallow roots of fruit trees.

S3, opening a rain collecting ditch: digging and ditching at the position determined in the step S1 by using a tractor-propelled ditcher to form a rain collecting ditch 201 with the depth of 30-50 cm and the width of 15-25 cm, and tamping the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 to ensure that the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 has better seepage-proofing effect. Two sides of each row of fruit tree rows are respectively provided with a mutually parallel rain collecting ditch 201, preferably, the axis of each row of fruit tree rows is parallel to the axes of the rain collecting ditches 201 on the two sides of the row of fruit tree rows, and the rain collecting ditches 201 on the two sides of each row of fruit tree rows are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the middle fruit tree row. And turning the excavated earthwork on the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge for standby. The distribution of rain ditches, the straightness of ditching and the uniform distribution of the soil blocks thrown off by the ditcher meet the local agricultural requirements, the ditches are complete in shape, the ditches are neat and smooth in wall, and the environment pollution phenomena such as oil leakage and the like cannot occur to the machinery in the operation process.

S4, excavating a flow guide vertical shaft: the diversion vertical shafts 302 which form a barrel-shaped structure are dug downwards from the bottom of each rain collecting ditch 201, a plurality of diversion vertical shafts 302 are arranged in each rain collecting ditch 201 at intervals, and the diversion vertical shafts 302 are used for supplementing redundant water to an orchard soil deep reservoir. Preferably, the two sides of each fruit tree are both formed with the flow guiding vertical shaft 302, and the connection line of the central points of the flow guiding vertical shafts 302 on the two sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the row of the fruit tree, so that each fruit tree is located on the middle point of the flow guiding vertical shaft 302 on the two sides and the flow guiding vertical shaft 302 is closest to the main root system of the fruit tree. Preferably, the diversion shaft 302 is a barrel-shaped structure with the depth of 30-50 cm and the diameter of 10-15 cm. Under the condition of extremely large rainfall, when the water storage capacity in the rain collecting ditch 201 exceeds the self-bearing threshold value, the exceeding part enters the flow guide vertical shaft 302, and then redundant water is guided into deep soil through the flow guide vertical shaft 302 to supplement a deep soil reservoir, so that the water storage and soil moisture preservation performance of the soil is improved.

S5, filling fermentation filler: the diversion shaft 302 is filled with fermentation filler 303, and the fermentation filler 303 is bundles of fruit tree branches or corn straws sprayed with mixed bacteria liquid. Correspondingly, the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5-10 parts of bacillus coagulans. The organic substances are fermented and decomposed after absorbing certain moisture through the mixed bacteria liquid, the speed of the moisture entering a deep soil deep reservoir is slowed down, the performance of soil water storage and preservation is improved, meanwhile, the organic substances are formed through fermentation and decomposition, and water and fertilizer are provided for deep root systems of fruit trees.

S6, installing a seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe: the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is installed in each rainwater-collecting ditch 201 in a splicing mode, the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is a hollow cylinder and is formed by butting two half pipes with semicircular sections, the two half pipes are respectively marked as a first half pipe 3011 and a second half pipe 3012, the first half pipe 3011 is a pipe body with a hole, the second half pipe 3012 is a non-hole pipe body, and the first half pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are butted and integrally formed to form the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 with half holes and half non-holes and half holes. During installation, the second half pipe 3012 is embedded into the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, the first half pipe 3011 is located on the surface of the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, in addition, the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is also provided with a notch 3013, after the blind pipe is spliced into a pipe system along the axis of the rain collecting ditch 201, the notch 3013 is located on the opening of the flow guide vertical shaft 302, and the water entering the pipe body of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 through the hole is drained into the flow guide vertical shaft 302, so that the water is permeated into a deep reservoir of orchard soil through the flow guide vertical shaft 302. The porosity of the first half-tube 3011 is preferably 50% -80%, and the average pore diameter of the first half-tube 3011 is 10-100 μm.

S7, paving a water-retention and permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body: the water-retention and seepage-promotion organic fermentation filling bodies 202 are laid in each rain collecting ditch 201, each water-retention and seepage-promotion organic fermentation filling body 202 comprises a base layer 2021, an organic fertilizer layer 2022, a medicine residue and sawdust straw mixing layer 2023, an orchard soil layer 2024 and a straw layer 2025 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, the base layer 2021 is arranged on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, and the seepage-promotion and drainage blind pipes 301 are positioned below the base layer 2021. Wherein:

the substrate layer 2021 is formed by filling sawdust, herb residues, dry livestock and poultry manure and a garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture on fruit tree branches which are used as a framework, spraying 1% -2% lime water solution, airing for about 0.5 hour and spraying mixed bacteria liquid. Correspondingly, the mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 20 portions of bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 portions of aspergillus oryzae and 5 to 10 portions of bacillus coagulans. The mixed bacteria liquid is used for fermenting and decomposing organic substances after absorbing certain moisture, so that the performance of soil water storage and preservation is improved, and organic substances are formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide water and fertilizer for the middle layer and the deep root system of the fruit tree. Preferably, the volume ratio of the sawdust, the herb residues, the dry livestock and poultry manure and the garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture in the basal layer 2021 is 4.

The medicine residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer 2023 is formed by uniformly spraying a mixture of medicine residue, sawdust and straws with 1% -2% lime water solution, airing for 0.5 hour, and then uniformly spraying mixed bacteria liquid, wherein the mixed bacteria liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 20 portions of bacillus licheniformis, 30 to 45 portions of aspergillus oryzae and 5 to 10 portions of bacillus coagulans. The mixed bacteria liquid is used for fermenting and decomposing organic substances after absorbing certain moisture, so that the performance of soil water storage and preservation is improved, and organic substances are formed through fermentation and decomposition to provide water and fertilizer for the middle layer and the deep root system of the fruit tree.

The base layer 2021 mainly functions as the buffer zone between the organic matter filling layer and the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe on the base layer, and the fruit tree branches can make the pores larger, thereby effectively preventing the problem that the excessive moisture caused by the blockage of the pores on the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 by the small granular substances cannot enter the flow-guiding shaft 302. And the garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture is added into the basal layer 2021, so that the pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented, some bacteria in the mixture and the soil of the root zone of the fruit tree can be effectively killed, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of the fruit tree plant can be reduced. The dry livestock and poultry manure is preferably chicken manure, pig manure and the like with relatively small carbon and nitrogen content. In addition, the orchard soil layer 2024 has good heat preservation effect and effect of reducing water volatilization, and the straw layer 2025 arranged on the orchard soil layer 2024 can further reduce water evaporation.

Through guarantor's water and ooze organic fermentation obturator, can carry out infiltration blocking storage to the moisture that gets into in the rain ditch to form absorbable micromolecule material and mineral element through the fermentation decomposition effect, be favorable to the root layer water conservation and the deep drainage waterlogging supply deep soil reservoir under the extreme rainfall scene, improved soil water content and organic matter content in the fruit tree root system scope.

S8, paving ridges: along the row direction of the fruit tree, with the trunk as the center line, the earthwork excavated in the rain collecting trench 201 in the step S2 is covered on the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge and ridged to form a splitting ridge 102 with a high middle and low sides. The ridge surface height difference of the ridge-shaped part 102 is 10 cm-15 cm, the ridge surface width is 80-120 cm, and after the ridge surface is raised, a shovel is used for finely crushing soil blocks, flattening the ridge surface and tamping the ridge surface to form a required ridge-shaped micro rain collecting surface.

S9, covering ground fabric: a time interval when the non-dew ground surface is relatively dry in sunny days is selected, and a black gardening breathable ground fabric 101 is covered on the micro rain collecting surface formed by the ridges 102. When the ground fabric 101 is covered, the ground fabric needs to be tensioned, straightened and wrinkle-free and tightly attached to the ridge surface, the edge of the ground fabric positioned in the center of the ridge 102 is connected with the edge of the ground fabric, and is anchored by using PE ground fabric nails, the edges of the ground fabric 101 positioned on two sides of the ridge 102 enter the groove of the rain collecting groove 201 and are tightly attached to the inner wall, and then the edge of the ground fabric is anchored by using the PE ground fabric nails. The ground cloth 101 enables partial rainfall to permeate and supplement the water requirement of the shallow root zone of the fruit tree through the air permeability and the water permeability of the ground cloth, and is beneficial to slow decomposition of organic substances in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge, so that the shallow soil is rapidly composted, and meanwhile, the effects of effectively inhibiting weeds, inhibiting evaporation and preserving soil moisture and improving the ground temperature can be achieved. Generally, when the single rainfall is less than 1.5cm, rainwater mainly permeates into the ridge ridges 102 and the organic material filling layers 103 in the ridges through the ground cloth 101, when the single rainfall is more than or equal to 1.5cm, surface runoff can be formed on a rainwater collection surface and then gathered into the rainwater collection ditch 201 for storage, short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation processes of the organic materials filled in the rainwater collection ditch are promoted, and the fertilization of the organic fillers in the rainwater collection ditch and the promotion of organic carbon in the root zone of the fruit tree are promoted.

Through the steps, the full root area conversion utilization of in-row rainfall convergence, accumulation, shallow infiltration, deep infiltration and redistribution of fruit trees in a rainy season orchard is realized, meanwhile, the water content and organic matter content of soil in a root system range of the fruit trees are improved through the slow decomposition fermentation effect of agricultural waste resources filled in a shallow root area and a middle deep root area of the fruit trees, the water storage and soil moisture preservation performance of the soil is greatly improved, and the organic material filling layer, the water retention and infiltration promotion organic fermentation filling body and the fermentation filling material in the ridges can continuously provide water and fertilizer for the roots of the fruit trees within a long period of time, generally no chemical fertilizer needs to be applied within about 3 years, so that energy is saved, consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the pollution of the chemical fertilizer to the soil is reduced.

The gully region of the loess high tableland is a typical representative region of traditional dry farming agriculture in China, and corresponding experiments are carried out according to the method of the technical scheme. The technical test land belongs to a typical loess plateau hilly gully region, is located in a hilly region mountain orchard (36-degree 11-37-degree 09N, 109-degree 21-110-degree 03E) of Wanzhuancun of river village and duckweed of Yanan city of Shanxi, belongs to a arid and semi-arid climatic zone, and has annual average rainfall of about 500mm, annual average air temperature value of 9 ℃ and frost-free period of 170-186 d. The experimental scheme is that a treatment group and a control group adopting a conventional planting method of local farmers are arranged, and the treatment group and the control group are respectively provided with three replicates. Through the determination of the conditions of the soil water reserves, the organic matter contents and the apple contents in the treatment group and the control group in three repeated whole years, the technical scheme of the invention can realize the synergistic improvement of the soil water reserves, the soil organic matter contents and the apple yield compared with the conventional planting method of local farmers, and the method is shown in figure 6.

Example 2

The embodiment 2 is formed on the basis of the embodiment 1, beneficial crops are planted between fruit tree rows, the economic benefit of the orchard row is improved, meanwhile, the desertification of water and soil in the orchard row is avoided, and the loss of water is reduced. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 1-6, the beneficial intercrops are mainly beneficial crops 700 planted between rows of fruit trees, specifically beneficial intercrops 700 are planted between two adjacent rain collecting furrows 201 in a drilling or broadcasting manner, and beneficial intercrops 700 are wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, wild pea, pepper or fennel and the like. The sowing depth of the beneficial intercrops is different according to different intercrops, such as: the wheat is generally 3.0-5.0 cm; 1.0-2.0 cm of rape; 3.0-4.0 cm of soybean; mustard 0.5-1.0 cm; 2.0-2.5 cm alfalfa; 3.5-4.0 cm of wild peas; 1.0-1.5 cm of pepper; the fennel is 4.0-5.0 cm.

Example 3

The embodiment 3 is an orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, infiltration, moisture preservation and recarburization system formed on the basis of the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, and comprises a shallow infiltration subsystem 100, an accumulation and promotion subsystem 200 and a deep diversion subsystem 300. Shallow infiltration subsystem 100 includes ground fabric 101, ridge-ups 102, and an in-ridge organic material fill layer 103. The ridge ridges 102 form an arc-shaped structure with a high middle part and two low sides along the row direction of the fruit trees by taking the trunk as a central line, the slope is gentle, the height difference of ridge surfaces of the ridge ridges 102 is 10-15 cm, the width is 80-120 cm, and the required micro-ridge rain collecting surface is formed after flattening and compacting. The ground fabric 101 is a breathable gardening ground fabric and covers the upper surface of the ridges 102. The organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge is arranged below the ridge-shaped structures 102, organic materials with the thickness of about 5cm are paved on the leveled soil, the organic materials are single materials or mixtures of multiple materials such as straw crushed materials, branch crushed materials, sawdust and medicine residues, 1-2% lime water solution is uniformly sprayed on the organic materials, the organic materials are aired for about 0.5 hour, exposure sterilization treatment is carried out for 3-5 hours in a sunny day, and finally mixed bacteria liquid is uniformly sprayed on the organic materials to form the organic material filling layer. The mixed bacterial liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5-10 parts of bacillus coagulans.

The collection and storage permeation-promoting subsystem 200 comprises a rain collecting ditch 201 and a water-retention permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202, and the water-retention permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 is filled in the rain collecting ditch 201. The rain collecting ditch 201 is a rectangular ditch which is provided with a depth of 40cm and a width of 20cm at a position 60-100 cm away from each row of fruit tree rows by using a mechanical-driven ditcher, and the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is tamped, so that the rain collecting ditch has a good anti-seepage effect. Two sides of each row of fruit tree rows are provided with one rain collecting ditch 201, preferably, two rain collecting ditches 201 on two sides of each row of fruit tree rows are symmetrically arranged, and the edge of the ground fabric 101 extends to the inner side of the rain collecting ditches 201 and is tightly attached to the inner side, and then is anchored by PE ground fabric nails. The distance between the rain collecting gutter 201 and the fruit tree row is mainly determined according to the depth of the root system of the fruit tree, for example, for deep-rooted fruit trees such as apples and pears, the distance between the rain collecting gutter 201 and the fruit tree row is generally 80-100 cm, and for shallow-rooted fruit trees such as grapes and kiwi fruits, the distance between the rain collecting gutter 201 and the fruit tree row is generally 60-80 cm. The water retention and permeation promoting organic fermentation filling body 202 comprises a substrate layer 2021, an organic fertilizer layer 2022, a medicine residue and sawdust straw mixing layer 2023, an orchard soil layer 2024 and a straw layer 2025 which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein the substrate layer 2021 is in contact with the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201 in a fitting manner. The substrate layer 2021 comprises a framework and an organic fermentation filling body filled on the framework, the framework is preferably formed by fruit tree branches and is laid on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201, the organic fermentation filling body is mainly a mixture formed by sawdust, herb residues, dry livestock and poultry manure and a garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture, 1-2% lime water solution is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is aired for about half an hour, and then mixed bacteria liquid is uniformly sprayed to form the substrate layer 2021. Wherein the components and the proportion of the mixed bacteria liquid are the same as those of the mixed bacteria liquid in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge. Further, in the filling of the base layer 2021, the ratio of sawdust-herb residue-dry livestock manure and garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture is preferably 4.

The deep diversion subsystem 300 comprises a seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 and a diversion shaft 302. The seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is of a hollow cylindrical structure and is formed by butt joint of two half pipes with semicircular sections, the two half pipes are respectively marked as a first half pipe 3011 and a second half pipe 3012, the first half pipe 3011 is a pipe body with a hole 30110, the second half pipe 3012 is a non-hole pipe body, and the first half pipe 3011 and the second half pipe 3012 are integrally formed to form a half seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 with a hole and a half non-hole. The seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is embedded at the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is connected in a splicing mode, the basal layer 2021 covers the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301, the first half pipe 3011 is in contact with the lower surface of the basal layer 2021, the second half pipe 3012 is in contact with the bottom surface of the rain collecting ditch 201, and redundant liquid in the rain collecting ditch 201 flows into the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 through the hole 30110 in the first half pipe 3011. In addition, a gap 3013 is arranged on the second half pipe 3012 of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301, and the gap 3013 of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 spliced on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 is located above the diversion shaft 302 and is used for enabling redundant liquid to flow into the diversion shaft 302 from the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301. The flow guide vertical shafts 302 are dug downwards from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch 201 to form barrel-shaped vertical shafts with the depth of 40cm and the diameter of 10cm, a plurality of flow guide vertical shafts 302 are arranged in each rain collecting ditch 201, and the flow guide vertical shafts 302 are arranged at intervals. Preferably, the two sides of each fruit tree are both formed with the flow guiding vertical shaft 302, and the connection line of the central points of the flow guiding vertical shafts 302 on the two sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to the row of the fruit tree, so that each fruit tree is located on the middle point of the flow guiding vertical shaft 302 on the two sides and the flow guiding vertical shaft 302 is closest to the main root system of the fruit tree. Furthermore, the diversion well 302 is filled with fermentation filler 303, the fermentation filler 303 is bundled fruit tree branches or straws sprayed with mixed bacteria liquid, and the components and the proportion of the mixed bacteria liquid are the same as those of the mixed bacteria liquid in the organic material filling layer 103 in the ridge.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the single rainfall is less than 1.5cm, most rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 enters the ridge ridges 102 in a permeating mode, and then permeates into the organic material filling layers 103 in the ridges, so that partial rainfall permeates to supplement the water requirement of shallow root areas of fruit trees, the slow decomposition of organic substances in the organic material filling layers 103 in the ridges is facilitated, the shallow soil is quickly fertilized, a small part of the shallow soil flows into the rain collecting ditch 201 through a cambered surface structure formed by the ridge ridges 102, the water retention and permeation promoting organic fermentation filling bodies 202 in the rain collecting ditch 201 can permeate, block and store the rainfall, the water retention of the root layers is facilitated, and at the moment, the organic filling bodies under the soil orchard 2025 are slowly fermented to form absorbable deep small molecular substances and mineral elements which are easily absorbed by the root systems of the fruit trees; when the single rainfall is more than or equal to 1.5cm, most of rainwater falling on the ground cloth 101 flows into the rainwater collection ditches 201 on two sides of the ridges 102 respectively in a runoff mode to be stored, at the moment, the rainwater gathered into the rainwater collection ditches 201 can be stored through the water retention and permeation promotion organic fermentation filling bodies 202, meanwhile, the stored rainwater can effectively promote short-term aerobic fermentation, facultative anaerobic fermentation and long anaerobic fermentation processes of organic materials of the water retention and permeation promotion organic fermentation filling bodies 202, and the fertilizing of the organic filling bodies in the rainwater collection ditches and the promotion of organic carbon in fruit tree root areas are promoted. Under the condition of extreme heavy rainfall, rainwater gathered in the rainwater collection ditch 201 enters the cavity of the rainwater collection ditch through the pores of the seepage-promoting and drainage blind pipes 301, flows into the flow-guiding vertical shaft 302 through the notch 3013, and supplies redundant water to the deep soil reservoir through the flow-guiding vertical shaft 302, so that deep drainage of redundant water in the rainwater collection ditch 201 is realized.

The invention takes a shallow infiltration, accumulation and permeation promotion and deep diversion system as a basic platform, realizes the transformation and utilization of a full root zone of fruit tree inline rainfall convergence-accumulation-shallow infiltration-deep infiltration-redistribution in rainy seasons, and simultaneously can realize the deep drainage of excess water in the rain gutter under extreme rainfall conditions, thereby supplying a deep soil reservoir and realizing the efficient conversion of rainwater resources.

Example 4

The embodiment 4 is formed on the basis of the embodiment 3, optimizes the preparation process of the permeation-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe, and forms the permeation-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe by sintering organic materials, thereby avoiding the pollution to soil, saving energy and protecting environment. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the infiltration-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 is prepared by the following method: mixing clay and fruit tree branch biochar to form a mixed matrix, uniformly mixing one part of the mixed matrix with sawdust or grass clippings, spraying a proper amount of silica sol, stirring and mould-pressing to form a blank of a first half pipe 3011, stirring and mould-pressing the other part of the mixed matrix to form a blank of a second half pipe 3012, bonding the blank of the first half pipe 3011 and the blank of the second half pipe 3012 into a hollow blank by using clay, drying in the shade, and firing at high temperature to form the permeation-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301. After the infiltration-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe 301 formed by firing organic materials is placed in soil, the soil is not polluted, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved.

Example 5

This embodiment 5 is an intelligent orchard replenishing system formed on the basis of embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, and adopts the orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, infiltration, soil moisture preservation and recarburization system described in embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, and further includes a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem.

The soil moisture content monitoring subsystem is used for monitoring soil moisture content parameters of fruit tree root regions in the orchard in real time and transmitting the soil moisture content parameters to the control subsystem through signals. The soil moisture content monitoring subsystem mainly comprises a data acquisition unit 400 and a soil moisture sensor 500, the soil moisture sensor 500 is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch 201 and is 10-15 cm away from the fruit tree direction, the soil moisture content sensor is used for acquiring soil moisture content and transmitting the soil moisture content to the data acquisition unit 400 through signal connection, and the data acquisition unit 400 transmits the collected soil moisture content information to the control subsystem through signal conduction. Preferably, the soil moisture sensor 500 is vertically arranged in a plurality of layers along the depth direction of the rain collecting trench 201, and particularly preferably, the soil moisture sensor is arranged in an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the depth of the upper layer is 15-25 cm, the depth of the middle layer is 35-45 cm, the depth of the lower layer is 55-65 cm, if the depths of the lower layer are respectively 20cm, 40cm and 60cm, the main distribution area of the root system of the fruit tree can be effectively covered, and more accurate soil moisture parameters can be obtained.

The control subsystem comprises a data conversion device, and the data conversion device determines irrigation times, irrigation quota and irrigation quota of different growth periods according to the soil moisture content parameters, the target yield of the fruit trees, the water demand rule of each growth period of the fruit trees and the average rainfall condition of multiple months.

The irrigation subsystem comprises a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe 600, the pipeline comprises a water delivery main pipe and water delivery branch pipes, a water inlet of the water pump is connected with a water source, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water delivery main pipe, a filter, a water meter, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure gauge and the like are preferably and sequentially arranged between the water outlet of the water pump and the water delivery main pipe, the water outlet of the water pump can be monitored in real time and controlled, the water delivery main pipe is connected with the water delivery branch pipes through structural members such as a tee joint, the water outlets of the water delivery branch pipes are connected with the drip irrigation pipe 600 through bypass pipes or tee pipes, and drip irrigation is carried out in the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600. The dripper interval of the drip irrigation pipe 600 is determined according to the plant spacing of fruit trees, the drip irrigation pipe 600 is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch 201 and close to the ditch mouth thereof, covers below the straw layer 2025, reduces the water evaporation effect when the drip irrigation pipe 600 performs drip irrigation through the straw layer 2025, and is convenient to maintain and recover because the drip irrigation pipe 600 does not need to be embedded into the deeper part of the orchard soil layer 2024. The water pump is electrically connected with the control subsystem 500, and the water pump pumps the moisture with the corresponding amount into the drip irrigation pipe 600 according to the instruction of the control subsystem 500, so that the moisture flows into the rain collecting gutter 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600 in a drip irrigation mode.

The method for regulating and controlling the water habitat of the fruit tree root zone by the intelligent orchard replenishing system in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: the soil moisture content parameters of the root zone of the fruit tree are obtained through the soil moisture content monitoring subsystem, the soil moisture content parameters of the root zone of the fruit tree are conducted to the control subsystem through the data collector 400, the data conversion device determines the irrigation times, irrigation quota and irrigation quota of different growth periods according to the soil moisture content parameters of the root zone of the fruit tree, the target yield of the fruit tree, the water demand law of each growth period of the fruit tree and the average rainfall condition of multiple local years and months, and then the control subsystem controls the water pump to timely supplement water into the rainwater collection ditch 201. When the soil moisture content parameter of the root zone of the fruit tree indicates that the water content of the soil of the root zone of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water capacity, the control subsystem controls the water pump to accurately irrigate the rain collecting ditch 201 through the drip irrigation pipe 600 according to the determined irrigation times, irrigation quota and irrigation quota of different growth periods of the fruit tree, and when the water content of the soil of the root zone of the fruit tree fed back by the soil moisture content monitoring subsystem reaches 80% of the field water capacity, the control subsystem controls the water pump to stop working. The local multi-year average rainfall condition generally refers to the average rainfall condition of the months within 3-5 years.

The orchard intelligent tank supplementing system formed by the embodiment takes a rainfall accumulation infiltration promotion and deep layer flow guide system for efficient conversion of rainwater resources as a basic platform, adopts the double-row pithead covering shallow-buried intelligent supplementing irrigation system to timely and accurately regulate and control the water habitat of the root area of the fruit tree, realizes the optimization and synergy of orchard rainfall resources and irrigation water resources, realizes the full root area conversion utilization of the in-row rainfall accumulation, shallow infiltration, deep infiltration and redistribution of the fruit tree in a rainy season and realizes the timely and accurate regulation and control of the water habitat of the root area of the fruit tree in a arid and water deficient season.

Preferably, the system also comprises an energy supply subsystem, wherein the energy supply subsystem is a solar panel, the solar panel is used for supplementing required electric energy for the soil moisture monitoring subsystem, the characteristic of abundant solar energy resources in arid regions is effectively utilized, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims

1. An orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, leveling the land, and determining the digging positions of rain collecting ditches (201) on two sides of a fruit tree row;

s2, paving an organic material filling layer in the ridge: paving organic substances with the thickness of 3-10cm on the land between the rain collecting ditches (201) preset on two sides of the row of the fruit trees, uniformly spraying 1-2% lime water solution on the organic substances, airing for 0.5-1 hour, carrying out exposure disinfection for 3-5 hours, and finally spraying mixed bacteria liquid to form an organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, wherein the organic substances in the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge are one or a mixture of more of crushed straw, crushed tree branches, sawdust and medicine residues;

s3, opening a rain collecting ditch: digging and ditching at the position determined in the step S1 by using a tractor-propelled ditcher to form the rainwater collecting ditch (201) with preset depth and width, tamping the bottom of the rainwater collecting ditch (201), turning and placing excavated earthwork on an organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, and forming a rainwater collecting ditch (201) which is parallel to each other on two sides of each row of fruit trees respectively;

s4, excavating a flow guide vertical shaft: digging flow guide vertical shafts (302) forming a barrel-shaped structure downwards from the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201), wherein a plurality of flow guide vertical shafts (302) are arranged in each rain collecting ditch (201) at intervals;

s5, filling fermentation filler: filling fermentation fillers (303) in the diversion vertical shaft (302), wherein the fermentation fillers (303) are bundles of fruit tree branches or corn straws sprayed with mixed bacterial liquid;

s6, installing a seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe: installing seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) in each rain collecting ditch (201) in a splicing mode, wherein the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) are hollow cylinders, part of pipe bodies of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) are embedded into the bottoms of the rain collecting ditches (201), the part of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) in contact with the bottoms of the rain collecting ditches (201) is free of pores, the pipe bodies positioned on the surfaces of the bottoms of the rain collecting ditches (201) are provided with pores, and the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) are provided with gaps which are positioned above the openings of the flow guide vertical shaft (302) and used for discharging water entering the pipe bodies of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipes (301) through the pores into the flow guide vertical shaft (302);

s7, paving a water-retention and permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body: a water-retention and permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body (202) is laid in each rain collecting ditch (201), the water-retention and permeation-promoting organic fermentation filling body (202) comprises a base layer (2021), an organic fertilizer layer (2022), a medicine residue and sawdust straw mixing layer (2023), an orchard soil layer (2024) and a straw layer (2025) which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the base layer (2021) is arranged on the bottom of the rain collecting ditch (201);

the base layer (2021) is formed by filling sawdust, medicine residues, dry livestock and poultry manure and a garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture on fruit tree branches serving as a framework, spraying 1% -2% of lime water solution, airing for a preset time, and spraying mixed bacteria liquid;

the medicine residue, sawdust and straw mixed layer (2023) is formed by uniformly spraying a mixture of the medicine residue, sawdust and straw with 1-2% lime water solution, airing for a preset time and then uniformly spraying mixed bacteria liquid;

s8, paving ridges: covering the earthwork excavated in the step S2 and placed in the rain collecting ditch (201) on the organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge along the row direction of the fruit trees by taking the trunk as a central line, and ridging to form an arc-shaped ridge (102) with a high middle and low two sides;

s9, covering ground fabric: selecting a relatively dry time period of the non-dew ground surface in a sunny day, covering a ground fabric (101) on the ridge-shaped structure (102), and enabling the edges of the ground fabric (101) on two sides of the ridge-shaped structure (102) to respectively enter the rain collecting ditches (201) on two sides and be fixed;

the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) comprises a first half pipe (3011) and a second half pipe (3012), the first half pipe (3011) and the second half pipe (3012) are integrally formed into a cylindrical structure in an up-and-down splicing mode, the first half pipe (3011) is a pipe body with a hole (30110), the hole (30110) is used for enabling rainwater to flow into the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301), the second half pipe (3012) is a non-hole pipe body, the second half pipe (3012) is provided with a notch (3013), the second half pipe (3012) is embedded in the bottom of the rainwater collection ditch (201), and the outer surface of the first half pipe (3011) is in contact with the substrate layer (2021);

rainwater in the rainwater collection ditch (201) flows into the cavity of the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) through the pore (30110) and flows redundant rainwater into the flow-guiding vertical shaft (302) through the notch (3013);

the infiltration-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) is prepared by the following method: mixing clay and fruit tree branch biochar to form a mixed matrix, taking a part of the mixed matrix to be uniformly mixed with wood chips or grass chips, spraying a proper amount of silica sol, stirring and mould-pressing to form a blank of the first half pipe (3011), taking the other part of the mixed matrix to be formed into a blank of the second half pipe (3012) through stirring and mould-pressing, bonding the blank of the first half pipe (3011) and the blank of the second half pipe (3012) into a hollow blank through clay, drying in the shade, and firing at high temperature to form the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301).

2. The orchard precipitation storage, permeation promoting, moisture preservation and recarburization method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed bacteria liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 30-45 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 5-10 parts of bacillus coagulans, wherein the mixed bacterial liquid is used for disinfection and fermentation decomposition of organic substances.

3. The orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, infiltration, moisture preservation and recarburization method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the diversion shaft (302) is formed on each fruit tree on two sides, and a connecting line of center points of the diversion shafts (302) on two sides of each fruit tree is perpendicular to a fruit tree row.

4. The orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, infiltration, moisture preservation and carbonization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step S7, the volume ratio of sawdust, herb residues, dried livestock and poultry manure and garlic-green Chinese onion waste straw-leaf mixture in the base layer (2021) is 4.

5. The orchard precipitation-accumulation-promotion-infiltration-preservation soil moisture-preservation and carbon-increase method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by further comprising the step S10: and planting beneficial intercrops (700) between adjacent fruit tree rows in a drilling or broadcasting mode, wherein the beneficial intercrops (700) are wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, wild pea, hot pepper or fennel.

6. An orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system is formed by the orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises a shallow infiltration subsystem (100), an accumulation and permeation promotion subsystem (200) and a deep diversion subsystem (300);

the shallow infiltration subsystem (100) comprises a ground fabric (101), ridge ridges (102) and an in-ridge organic material filling layer (103), wherein the ridge ridges (102) are arc-shaped ridge ridges formed by taking a tree trunk as a central line along the tree row direction, the ridge ridges (102) cover the in-ridge organic material filling layer (103), and the ground fabric (101) covers the ridge ridges (102);

the storage and infiltration promoting subsystem (200) comprises rain collecting ditches (201) and water-retention and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies (202), wherein one rain collecting ditch (201) is arranged on each fruit tree row, the ditch bottom of each rain collecting ditch (201) is tamped, the water-retention and infiltration-promoting organic fermentation filling bodies (202) are arranged in the rain collecting ditches (201), and the edges of the ground fabric (101) extend to the side walls of the rain collecting ditches (201) and are fixed;

the deep diversion subsystem (300) comprises a seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) and a diversion shaft (302), the diversion shaft (302) excavates downwards from the bottom surface of the rainwater collection ditch (201) to form a cylindrical structure, the diversion shaft (302) is arranged at intervals, the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) is arranged along the axis of the bottom surface of the rainwater collection ditch (201) in a splicing mode, a notch (3013) is arranged on the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301), and the notch is positioned above the diversion shaft (302) and used for draining water in the seepage-promoting and waterlogging-draining blind pipe (301) into the diversion shaft (302);

the rainwater is followed it converges to lay ground (101) surface permeate to when in collection rain ditch (201) in organic material filling layer (103) in the ridge, organic material filling layer (103) utilize the rainwater fermentation of infiltration to form the absorbed substance and supply fruit tree shallow root system to absorb in the ridge, water-retaining short-term oozing organic fermentation obturator (202) utilizes rainwater fermentation in collection rain ditch (201) forms the absorbed substance and supplies fruit tree middle level and deep root system to absorb, excessive moisture passes through in collection rain ditch (201) short-term ooze drainage blind pipe (301) and flow into in water conservancy diversion shaft (302), through water conservancy diversion shaft (302) replenish unnecessary moisture to deep reservoir soil.

7. The orchard precipitation storage, promotion, infiltration, moisture preservation and recarburization system according to claim 6, wherein the height difference of the ridge-shaped ridges (102) is 10-15cm, and the width of the ridge-shaped ridges (102) is 80-120cm.

8. The orchard precipitation, accumulation, promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization system according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the rain collecting ditches (201) and a fruit tree row is 60 to 100cm, the depth of the rain collecting ditches (201) is 30 to 50cm, and the width of the rain collecting ditches is 15 to 30cm.

9. The orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, infiltration, moisture preservation and recarburization system according to claim 6, wherein the porosity of the first half pipe (3011) is 50% -80%, and the average diameter of the pores is 10-100 μm.

10. An orchard precipitation accumulation, promotion, permeability, moisture conservation and carbon enhancement system according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized by further comprising an intercropping subsystem, wherein the intercropping subsystem is formed by planting beneficial intercropping crops in a drilling or broadcasting manner between the shallow infiltration subsystems (100), and the beneficial intercropping crops are wheat, rape, soybean, mustard, alfalfa, wild pea, pepper or fennel.

11. An intelligent orchard supplementary irrigation system, which is characterized in that the system for precipitation, accumulation, permeation, moisture conservation and recarburization of the orchard as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 10 is adopted, and further comprises a soil moisture monitoring subsystem, a control subsystem and an irrigation subsystem;

the soil moisture content monitoring subsystem comprises a data collector (400) and a soil moisture sensor (500), the soil moisture sensor (500) is arranged in soil, extending towards the fruit tree direction for a preset distance, on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch (201), and the soil moisture sensor (500) collects soil moisture content information of the root of the fruit tree and transmits the soil moisture content information to the data collector (400);

the control subsystem is provided with a data conversion device for determining the irrigation times, irrigation quota and irrigation quota of different growth periods according to the soil moisture content information of the roots of the fruit trees, the target yield of the fruit trees, the water demand law of each growth period of the fruit trees and the average rainfall condition of a plurality of months;

the irrigation subsystem comprises a water pump, a pipeline and a drip irrigation pipe (600), the water pump works according to instructions of the control subsystem, the water pump is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe (600) through the pipeline, and the drip irrigation pipe (600) is arranged on the inner wall of the rain collecting ditch (201) and is located at a ditch opening of the rain collecting ditch (201).

12. The intelligent orchard replenishment system according to claim 11, wherein the soil moisture sensor (500) is arranged in multiple layers at intervals up and down along the depth direction of the rain collection trench (201).

13. An orchard intelligent replenishment system according to claim 11 wherein the soil moisture monitoring subsystem further comprises a solar panel providing electrical power to the data collector (400) and the soil moisture sensor (500).

14. The intelligent orchard supplementary irrigation system as claimed in any one of claims 11-13, wherein the control subsystem controls the irrigation subsystem to irrigate when the data collector (400) collects that the water content of the soil in the root area of the fruit tree is lower than 60% of the field water content, and the irrigation subsystem stops working when the data collector (400) collects that the water content of the soil in the root area of the fruit tree is higher than 80%.